Objective:To investigate COX-2 inhibitor effect of celecoxib on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human erythroleukemia HEL cells and its mechanism. Methods: The human erythroleukemia HEL cells were treated with different concentrations of celecoxib. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was calculated by CCK-8 test; the apoptosis rate was detected by Hoechst33342 fluorescent staining; cell migration ability was tested by transwell chambers. The expression levels of COX-2 and JAK2 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR; the protein expression levels of COX2 and p-JAK2 were detected by Western blotting assay. Results: Celecoxib time and dose dependently inhibited the proliferation of HEL cells, the cell growth inhibition rates were (9.96 ± 0.82)%, (18.46 ± 2.01)% and (21.36 ± 2.48)%, respectively (P < 0.05), after treated with different concentrations (25,75,and 125 μmol/L, respectively) of celecoxib in HEL cells after 48 h. Hoechst33342 fluorescent staining showed that apoptosis increased significantly after treatment of 125 μmol/L celecoxib in HEL cells after 48 h; cell migration ability showed that the leakage after treated with 75 μmol/L celecoxib in HEL cells after 24 h was 22.13 ± 7.51, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (77.89 ± 6.94, P < 0.05); RT-PCR results showed that COX-2 mRNA was dependently decreased, while no significant effect on the JAK2 mRNA after treated with different concentrations of celecoxib; Western blotting assay showed that the expression of COX-2 protein in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), but no obvious effect was found on p-JAK2 expression. Conclusion: Proliferation of HEL cells can be inhibited by celecoxib. It may be related to the inhibition of the expression of COX-2, but had no obvious effect on JAK2 signaling pathway.