Objective: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between vascular tumor embolus (VTE) and other risk factors for reasonable treatment. Methods: Clinical data of 1867 patients with esophageal squamous cancer were retrospectively reviewed. To analyze the relationship between VTE and other related factors including sex, age, blood type, tumor invasion depth (T) , lymph node metastasis(LNM) and positive lymph nodes ratio (PLNR). Results: VTE was closely related to T staging, LNM and PLNR (P < 0.01). Further analysis of T induced obvious difference between T1a and T1b~T4 as well as T1~T3 and T4 (P < 0.01). Conclusion: VTE is closely related to T staging, LNM and PLNR. The early stage of superficial esophageal cancer (T1a/T1b) with VTE should be treated with surgical resection.