Objective:To investigate the type, distribution and drug resistance of 7 415 strains of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of a teaching hospital in 2014, and to guide clinical rational drug use. Methods: The distribution of bacteria, the distribution and drug resistance of 7 415 strains of bacteria were analyzed by WHONET5.6 software. Results: The top 10 bacteria of 7 415 strains were gram negative bacilli, which accounted for 80.2% of the total. Among them, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.9%), Bauman Acinetobacter (20.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.3%) were with the top 3 positive rate. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 7.9%, and the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest, accounting for 6.6%. The number of pathogenic bacteria was highest in ICU (29.6%), followed by the Department of internal medicine (19.2%), Department of Neurosurgery (17.2%). The resistance rates of E. coli on cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline were both higher with more than 73.0%. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/shu ba jotham, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were both higher with more than 60.0%. The resistance rates of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on carbon penicillium alkene were below 50%. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus on benzene Westwood was 75.4%, and its sensitive rate on vancomycin was 100%. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacilli take a major position in respiratory system infection. Having higher resistance to commonly used antibiotics, sensitive antimicrobial drug should be chosen for clinical medicine, and the abuse of antibiotics should be avoided.