Objective:To estimate the risk of deaths attributable to carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods:The Embase and PubMed databases were searched from January 1,2001 to December 31,2015 to identify eligible cohort studies. The initial literatures and references listed in the literature were manually searched. Controlled studies were analyzed using stata14.0 software. The risk ratio(RR)was pooled and the publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. Results:Sixteen studies with a total of 2 916 patients were included for systematic review(the number of patients with carbapenem-resistant infections were 797 and those with carbapenem-susceptible infections were 2 119). According to the type of design,studies were divided into cohort studies and case control studies. According to the infection of specimen type,studies were divided into bloodstream infection type subgroup and comprehensive infection type subgroup. The risk ratio of the mortality in cohort studies was 2.44(95%CI:1.96~3.03,I2=16.1%,Pheterogeneity=0.312);the risk ratio of bloodstream infection was 2.07(95%CI:1.59~2.69,I2=0.0%,Pheterogeneity=0.511);the risk ratio of comprehensive infection type subgroups was 3.35(95%CI:2.25~4.99,I2=0.0%,Pheterogeneity=0.868). The rodds ratio of the mortality in case control studies was 2.30(95%CI:1.49~3.55,I2=53.5%,Pheterogeneity=0.018). The rodds ratio of bloodstream infection was 2.85(95%CI:1.66~4.90,I2=60.8%,Pheterogeneity=0.018). The rodds ratio of Comprehensive infection type subgroups was 1.46(95%CI:0.73~2.90,I2=25.2%,Pheterogeneity=0.261). Conclusion:Pooled outcomes showed that the number of deaths was significantly higher in patients with carbapenem-resistant infections and that the number of deaths attributable to carbapenem resistance is considerable,carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in the bloodstream infections is closely related to death of patients.