Objective：To investigate the effect of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) on embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. Methods： The expression of XBP1 during each stage of embryogenesis was detected by Western blotting assay， the whole mount in situ hybridization，and immunostaining. The micro-injection of morpholino (MO) was performed to knockdown XBP1. The expression of marker genes was tested during germ layer formation，as well as embryo development by whole mount in situ hybridization and real-time PCR. Results： XBP1 expressions of the nerve，anterior kidney，pancreas，and other organs were detected during embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. Knockdown of XBP1 inhibited the expression of germ layer related genes at the early stage of embryogenesis，and then inhibited pancreas development related gene in Xenopus laevis embryos at the late stage of embryogenesis. Conclusion ：XBP1 may be required for the germ layer formation at the early stage of embryogenesis and pancreas development at the late stage of embryogenesis.