MicroRNAs（miRNAs）are highly conserved，small and non-coding RNA molecules approximately 18-24 nucleotides in length which act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Since their discovery，miRNAs have been shown to regulate the complex biological processes linked to multiple cardiovascular diseases，including myocardial hypertrophy，arrhythmias，hypertension，atherosclerosis，acute coronary syndrome（ACS），acute myocardial infarction（AMI），heart failure（HF），pulmonaryarterial hypertension（PAH）and etc. Furthermore，circulating miRNAs have been extensively investigated as novel biomarkers. Besides that，the multiple regulatory functions of miRNAs indicate that miRNAs have prospective applications in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However，there are still significant obstacles that need to be overcome before miRNAs are used as both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapy strategies for cardiovascular diseases，and there is still a need for extensive and systematic research.