Objective：To investigate the biological effects of corticotomy-induced micro-environment around orthodontic teeth on macrophages. Methods：A total of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the experimental group（TM+CO）and control group（TM）with each group of 30 rats. The rats in each group were sacrificed after 3，5，7，14 and 21 days for tissue collection and assessments. Micro-CT examination was performed to acquire bone mineral density（BMD）around the upper left first molars，to analyze the change of bone remodeling. Morphological changes of periodontal tissues and the expression of CD68，CD11b，CD86，CD163-positive cells were determined by immunohistochemistry. A total of 112 male C57BL/6 mice of eight-week old were randomly divided into the corticotomy group and the vehicle group. The mice in each group were sacrificed after 3，5，7，14，21，28 and 42 days for tissue collection and co-culture. The relative mRNA expression of CD11b，CD68，IL-6，IL-1β，IL-10 and Arg-1 were respectively evaluated by RT-PCR. The protein change of p65 and STAT3 phosphorylation were detected by Western blot. Results：The value of BMD in both groups decreased significantly at the early stage and it was more obvious in the TM+CO group（P < 0.05）. Meanwhile，the immunohistochemistry data showed that the expressions of CD68，CD11b，CD86，CD163-positive cells in the TM+CO group were all significantly increased compared with those in the TM group at day 3（P < 0.05）. The real-time PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of CD11b and CD68 in macrophages were significantly higher in the corticotomy group than those in the vehicle group（P < 0.05）；they increased from day 3 to day 14 and then declined. Moreover，the mRNA expression levels of M1 marker，TNF-α，IL-1β and M2 marker，IL-10，Arg-1 were significantly higher in the corticotomy group compared with those in the vehicle group（P < 0.05）；they increased up to day 14 and then declined. Western blot analysis showed that the level of p65 was upregulated after co-culture with condition medium of maxilla in the corticotomy group early on day 5 and day 7，while the level of phosphorylated STAT3 was upregulated on day 7 and day 14 when compared with those in the vehicle group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：The activation of NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways may play an important role in corticotomy induced infiltration and polarization of macrophages and thereby influenced bone density and consequent orthodontic tooth movement.