Objective：The study aimed to investigate differentially expressed microRNAs（miRNAs）and their association with left ventricular end-diastolic dimension（LVEDd），left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF），N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP）in human dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）by miRNAs array，and to predict their target gene. Methods：The expression levels of plasma miRNAs of 8 DCM patients and 4 healthy controls were detected by using the Agilent human miRNAs array（V19.0），followed by real-time RT-PCR analysis to validate the expression changes of miRNAs. NT-proBNP，LVEDd and LVEF were measured and analyzed using Pearson linear correlation analysis. The prediction analysis for microarrays（PAM）method was used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. Results：Thirty-six differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. There were 25 upregulated and 11 downregulated human miRNAs，of which miR-5196-5p and miR-652-5p were the most significant. Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that miR-5196-5p level was positively correlated with LVEDd，whereas miR-652-5p was positively correlated with LVEF values and negatively correlated with NT-proBNP and LVEDd. Moreover，correlative genes such as VCL and RBM20 related with DCM were predicted. Conclusion：The screened differentially expressed miRNAs may be involved in the development of DCM. Specific miRNAs，such as miR-5196-5p and miR-652-5p，may be considered as new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of human DCM.