Objective：To investigate the roles of visceral adiposity index （VAI） and Chinese visceral adiposity index （CVAI） in assessments of insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods：Community-dwelling individuals aged over 40 years in the REACTION research were enrolled in our study. Demographic characteristics，disease history and physical examination information were collected by trained technicians. Blood glucose，lipid profile and insulin concentrations were examined. Results：A total of 7 523 individuals were enrolled in our study，the average age of subjects is 54.4 years. Both VAI and CVAI had a positive relationship with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR）（r=0.277，P < 0.001；r=0.322，P < 0.001）and were negatively correlated with Matsuda insulin sensitivity index（ISI）（r=-0.400，P < 0.001；r=-0.432，P < 0.001）. Compared to those in lowest quartile，subjects in uppermost quartile of VAI had the strongest association with insulin resistance and diabetes（top vs. bottom，OR：3.309，3.669），it was the similar with CVAI（top vs. bottom，OR：5.095，5.434）. Conclusion：VAI and CVAI may be simple and practical clinical indicators for insulin resistance and glucose metabolism evaluation in middle-aged and the elderly Chinese.