Objective：To investigate the effect of Pol ι expression on overall survival of esophageal squamous-cell carcinom（ESCC） patients with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods：The correlation between Pol ι expression and overall survival of 97 ESCC patients with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was analyzed using immunohistochemical method. Results：There were 20 cases with low expression of Pol ι and 77 cases with high expression of Pol ι in these patients. Survival curve showed Pol ι expression was negatively correlated with overall survival of ESCC patients with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy，and COX regression analysis indicated that Pol ι expression was one of the independent prognostic factors of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Conclusion：Pol ι may be a potential molecular markers for postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in esophageal cancer.