Objective：To investigate the effect of baicalin on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts （HPDLFs） induced by lipopolysaccharide（LPS）. Methods：After the cultured HPDLFs were treated with different concentrations of baicalin，the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of baicalin on HPDLFs was observed by CCK8. The cultured HPDLFs were divided into the blank control group，the baicalin group，the LPS group，and the LPS + baicalin group. The blank control group only added 2% fetal bovine serum culture solution；the baicalin group added 200 or 500 ng/mL baicalin，respectively；the LPS group added 100 μg/mL LPS；the LPS + baicalin group added 100 μg/mL LPS，and 200 or 500 ng/mL baicalin，respectively. Cells were collected 24 h later. The changes of IL-6，IL-8，and IL-1β mRNA expressions in each group were examined. Results：The results of the CCK8 experiment show that the addition of baicalin to the cells at a concentration of 500 ng/mL had no significant cell proliferation toxicity. There was no significant change in the expression of IL-6，IL-8 and IL-1βcompared with the baicalin group of baicalin 200 ng/mL and 500 ng/mL（P＞0.05）. Compared with the blank control group，the expression of IL-6，IL-8 and IL-1β in the LPS group increased significantly（P < 0.05）. At the same time，when LPS + 200 ng/mL baicalin were added，the expression of IL-6，IL-8 and IL-1β were significantly decreased compared with LPS alone（P < 0.05）. When LPS + 500 ng/mL baicalin were added，the expression of IL-6，and IL-1β were significantly increased compared with LPS alone（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Baicalin showed anti-inflammatory effect at a low concentration，and showed pro-inflammatory effect when the concentration increased to 500 ng/mL.