Objective：The purpose of this resrarch is to build and identify the animal model of an antibody-mediated rejection（AMR）after kidney transplantation. Methods：In animal model of AMR，Wistar rats were used as donors and SD rats were used as the receipients. To construct allograft rat skin graft model，the back skins of Wistar rats were transplanted to the back of SD rats. After skin transplantation，serum was taken from rats at 1，3，7，10，14，21，28，and 35 days respectively，and donor specific antibodies（DSAs）of serum were detected by flow cytometry. When DSAs reached the highest，the kidney of Wistar rats was transplanted to SD rats to build AMR model of allogeneic rat kidney transplantation. Transplanted kidney and serum were collected 1-5 days after kidney transplantation，and routine pathological staining，C4d immunofluorescence and serum DSAs detection were performed. Results：DSAs of serum in recipients reached the peak after 14 days of skin transplantation. Compared with control group，transplanted kidney in AMR group showed glomerulitis with a significant increase of peritubular capillaries（PTC），C4d deposition on peritubular capillaries，and serum DSAs levels（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：An animal model of AMR after renal allograft transplantation was successfully constructed and identified. This model is easy to operate，stable and cost-effective，and has high popularization value.