Low back pain is one of common diseases of orthopedics，and the degeneration of intervertebral disc is the main cause of lower back pain. Currently，the treatment of disc degeneration mainly contains conservative treatment and surgical treatment. However，both treatment methods can only alleviate the patient’s pain and decrease the patient’s symptoms，which cannot fundamentally solve the problem of disc degeneration. Therefore，understanding the mechanism of nucleus pulposus degeneration can help us to develop biological regeneration and repair. At present，different regeneration and repair methods of nucleus pulposus degeneration have been developed based on the mechanism of nucleus pulposus degeneration. This article reviews the latest strategies for nucleus pulposus regeneration，including growth factor therapy，gene therapy，cell therapy，and tissue engineering reconstruction.