AMP-activated protein kinase is the cellular energy sensor. It has the function of regulating and maintaining energy dynamic balance. Activated AMPK inhibits the synthesis and metabolism of triglycerides，gluconeogenesis，cholesterol and fatty acids in the liver. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in China. Its pathogenesis is complicated，insulin resistance and oxidative stress may account for a key factor. Other factors may involve leptin，adiponectin，resistin，tumor necrosis factor，etc. The activation of AMPK may affect these risk factors and improve NAFLD. We aim to describe how AMPK plays a role in the occurrence of NAFLD.