Objective：To explore the target and related mechanism of resveratrol in the treatment of hypertension. Methods：Using angiotensin Ⅱ to induce rat aortic smooth muscle cells A7r5 to establish a hypertensive cell model and interventing with resveratrol and miR-21-5p mimic on this basis. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability of A7r5 cells，wounding healing assay was used to detect migration ability of A7r5 cells，Real-time PCR was used to detect expression of miR-21-5p，Western blot was used to detect the expression of cell proliferation-related proteins PCNA，Cyclin D1 and CDK4，and cell migration associated proteins MMP2，MMP9 and PDCD4. In addition，the targeting relationship between miR-21-5p and PDCD4 was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene detection technology in logarithmic growth phase 293T cells. Results：Compared with the NC group，the cell viability，migration ability and the expression level of proliferation and migration-related proteins PCNA，Cyclin D1，CDK4，MMP2，MMP9 and miR-21-5p were significantly up-regulated，and the expression level of PDCD4 protein was significantly decreased in the NC+ model group，and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.01）；Compared with the NC+ model group，the cell viability，migration ability，and the expression level of proliferation and migration-related proteins PCNA，Cyclin D1，CDK4，MMP2，MMP9 and miR-21-5p were significantly down-regulated，and the expression level of PDCD4 protein was significantly up-regulated in the NC+ model+resveratrol group，and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.01）；Compared with the NC+ model+resveratrol group，cell viability，migration ability and the expression level of proliferation and migration related proteins PCNA，Cyclin D1，CDK4，MMP2，MMP9 and miR-21-5p was significantly up-regulated，and the expression level of PDCD4 protein was significantly decreased in the miR-21-5p mimic+model+resveratrol group，and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.01）. The dual luciferase assay miR-21-5p significantly inhibited the luciferase activity of the wild-type PDCD4 3’UTR reporter vector（P < 0.01）. Conclusion：Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating the miR-21-5p/PDCD4 pathway，which in turn has a certain therapeutic effect on hypertension.