Objective：This study aims to investigate the effects of carboxypeptidase E（CPE） on the cell proliferation，cell cycle and apoptosis of mice glomerular mesangial cells（GMC）cultured in high glucose. Methods：The CPE gene fragment was amplified by PCR and inserted into the expression vector pcDNA3.1 plasmid to construct the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-CPE. The plasmid was transfected into GMC，and the expression of CPE-tagged protein，proliferation marker CyclinD1，proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）and apoptosis marker Cleaved-caspase-3 were detected by Western blot；plate cloning，cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of overexpressed CPE on the proliferation，cell cycle and apoptosis of GMC cells cultured in high glucose. Results：The overexpression of CPE in GMC cells was successfully constructed. Plate cloning and CCK-8 showed that overexpression of CPE could inhibit the proliferation of GMC. Flow cytometry showed that the overexpression of CPE significantly promoted the cell apoptosis compared with the control group；the number of cells in G1 phase was significantly increased，while that in S phase was significantly decreased（P < 0.01）. Conclusion：CPE can inhibit the proliferation of mice GMC cultured in high glucose and induce cell apoptosis.