Objective：This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of the clinical，pathological and treatment factors on the thymoma patients accepted surgical treatment. Methods：Retrospective analysis was performed on 354 patients with thymoma undergoing surgical treatment between January 2008 and June 2018. The association between the prognostic factors and survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results：Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that age（P=0.002），tumor size（P=0.045），pathological type（P=0.051），TMN stage（P=0.004），Masaoka-Koga stage（P < 0.001），radical resection（P < 0.001）were related to the prognosis of patients with thymoma. Age（P=0.003，hazard ratio：10.151，95% CI：2.239~46.02），pathological type（P=0.045，hazard ratio：3.376，95% CI：1.030~11.064），Masaoka-Koga stage（P=0.009，hazard ratio：5.621，95% CI：1.552~20.352）was also validated as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate Cox analysis. Conclusion：The early detection of thymoma can effectively improve the overall survival of the thymoma patients after surgical treatment. Radical resection is an important factor to improve the prognosis of patients with thymoma. Accurate pathological analysis after surgery can help analyze the prognosis of patients with thymoma.