Objective：This study aims to investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1（FGFR1），basic fibroblast growth factor（bFGF） and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten（PTEN） in lung squamous cell carcinoma（SCC）and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods：All of 149 cases of lung SCC with complete clinicopathological data from 2011 to 2013 were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University to produce tissue microarrays. The expression of FGFR1，bFGF and PTEN was detected by MaxVision immunohistochemical method. Postoperative follow-up of patients was taken by telephone and outpatient service. Results：①In lung SCC，the positive rate of FGFR1，bFGF were 51.7%（77/149）and 61.7%（92/149）respectively. The expression of FGFR1 was significantly associated with smoking（P=0.019），lymph node metastasis（P＜0.001） and differentiation of tumor（P＜0.001）. The expression of bFGF was correlated with lymph node metastasis and T stage（P＜0.05）. The negative rate of PTEN was 57.0%（85/149）. The loss of PTEN expression was related to differentiation（P＜0.05）. In addition，FGFR1 expression was significantly associated with bFGF expression or PTEN expression（P < 0.05）. ②Univariate survival analysis showed that the expression of bFGF and FGFR1 were significantly correlated with the relapse free survival（RFS）and overall survival（OS）（P < 0.05）. There was no significant correlation between the loss expression of PTEN and RFS/OS. ③The Cox multi-factor survival analysis showed that FGFR1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：The expression of FGFR1 in lung SCC was significantly correlated with poor differentiation，lymph node metastasis，smoking history，bFGF expression and loss of PTEN expression. Patients with FGFR1 positive expression had shorter survival time than those without FGFR1 expression. FGFR1 was an independent prognostic factor for SCC.