Objective：To investigate the relationship between blood lipid profiles and non-valvular atrial fibrillation（AF）in elderly in-patients，and to definite whether there exist differences between males and females. Methods：A total of 758 elderly in-patients who met the inclusion criteria hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology，Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in this study，223 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation（AF group），the non-AF patients as control group（n=535），compare the correlation between AF and blood lipid profiles in general patients，male patients and female patients. Results：The general patients with AF had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol（TC），low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），triglyceride（TG）than the non-AF patients（P < 0.05）. Regrouping by gender，in male patients，the statistical results of blood lipid profiles were similar to those of the general patients，while in female patients，blood lipid profiles had no significant differences between the AF group and non-AF group. Multivariate logical regression analysis of the blood lipid profiles and AF was processed after constructing multiple models. In the general patients，TC（P=0.012），LDL-C（P=0.017），and TG（P=0.003）were negatively correlated with AF. In the male patients，TC（P=0.006），and LDL-C（P=0.020）were also negatively correlated with AF. According to the values of TC and LDL-C in atherosclerotic risk stratification，we compared the incidence of AF. With the increase of TC and LDL-C concentration，the prevalence of AF in men increased at first and then decreased. The prevalence of AF in the male patients with TC≥5.2 mmol/L was only 0.094（P=0.027）compared with the patients with TC<3.1 mmol/L，and the prevalence with LDL-C≥ 3.4 mmol/L was 0.074（P=0.014）compared with the patients with LDL-C<1.8 mmol/L. Conclusion：Elderly in-patients with non-valvular AF had lower levels of TC，TG and LDL-C. Higher levels of TC and LDL-C were associated with lower prevalence rate of AF only in males. There were no significant differences between the prevalences of AF in women by TC and LDL-C risk stratification.