Objective：This study aims to analyze syphilis infection and its risk factors among men who have sex with men（MSM）. Methods：Altogether 3 043 MSMs aged 16 and above were recruited by respondent driven sampling and snowball sampling method. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with syphilis infection. Results：The prevalence of syphilis infection was 14.7% among 3 043 MSMs，and increased with age. Those with lower educational level and divorce/widowhood had a higher prevalence，with significant differences（P < 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed age，educational level，and marriage status had significant relationship with syphilis infection. The risk for human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection increased in MSMs with syphilis infection（OR=2.48，95%CI：1.81-3.40）. Conclusion：The syphilis infection is high in MSMs，and the risk of HIV infection is higher in those with syphilis infection. Comprehensive strategies should be developed to further improve the effect of syphilis and HIV prevention and control in MSMs.