Many ocular diseases and systemic diseases manifest with changes of optic disc and peripapillary blood flow. Optical coherence tomography angiography（OCTA），as a non-invasive，repeatable imaging technique can provide high-resolution images of peripapillary vascular network. Recent studies have reported its application and new findings in diseases such as glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease. This article focuses on the features of peripapillary vascular anatomy，OCTA in detecting peripapillary vascular changes，and application value of OCTA in diagnosis and treatment of diseases.