Objective：To explore the association of metabolic parameters and thyroid volume in Chinese adolescents. Methods：A total of 1 097 middle school students aged between 12~15 years old（55.6% males）were enrolled. All the participants underwent physical examination，biochemical test，and thyroid gland ultrasonography. The thyroid volume of normal，overweight and obese group was compared. The association between the number of metabolic syndrome components and thyroid volume was analyzed to study the association between metabolic parameters and thyroid volume. Results：In male，the differences of thyroid volume between normal and overweight group（P＜0.01）or between normal and obesity group （P＜0.01） were significant. In female，the difference of thyroid volume between normal and obesity group （P＜0.01） was significant. Among groups with different number of metabolic syndrome components，the difference of thyroid volume was significantly different（F=10.64，P＜0.01）. According to multiple regression model，parameters with significant association with thyroid volume were gender（β=0.607，95%CI：0.406~0.808，P＜0.01），age（β=0.200，95%CI：0.107~0.294，P＜0.01），systolic blood pressure（β=0.010，95%CI：0.002~0.018，P=0.014），waist circumference（β=0.029，95%CI：0.015~0.042，P＜0.01）and the waist-to-height ratio（β=3.317，95%CI：1.661~4.973，P＜0.01）. Conclusion：Overweight，obesity and number of components of metabolic syndrome are significantly associated with the volume of thyroid glands in adolescents.