Objective：To investigate the impact of total hysterectomy on cognitive function in women of reproductive age. Methods：Premenopausal women who underwent total hysterectomy for non-malignant diseases from January 2007 to December 2016 in the Department of Gynecology，Zhongda Hospital Southeast University were collected as the total hysterectomy group（n=296），while subjects who underwent myomectomy at the same time were collected as control group（n=305）. One follow-up questionnaire survey including mini-mental state examination（MMSE），Montreal cognitive assessment（MoCA）and Kupperman menopause index（KMI）was conducted from 2017 to 2018. Results：MMSE score showed that 3 subjects in the total hysterectomy group were found cognitive dysfunction，while no subject was found cognitive dysfunction in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant（P=0.119）. MoCA score showed that 7 subjects in the total hysterectomy group and 1 subject in the control group were found cognitive dysfunction during follow-up，and the difference was statistically significant（P=0.035）. Among those women with normal cognitive function，the incidence of cognitive errors in the total hysterectomy group was higher than that in the control group（P < 0.05）. KMI score showed that the incidence of menopausal symptoms in the total hysterectomy group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P < 0.001）. Conclusion：Cognitive function declines in long-term period in women of reproductive age who undergo total hysterectomy，which may be related to ovarian function decline.