Spermatogenesis，including mitosis of spermatogonia，meiosis of spermatocytes and spermiogenesis of spermatids，is one of the most complicated cell differentiation processes in human body. The process of meiosis begins after puberty. For a century，scientists have been working on developing and optimizing culture systems that can support this process in vitro. In recent years，significant progress has been made in the study of in vitro spermatogenesis. The in vitro spermatogenesis can be achieved by in vitro cell culture and gonadal tissue culture. The establishment of in vitro spermatogenesis system is important for the development of theories of human reproductive biology，in vitro evaluation of infertility-related environmental factors，and technologies of fertility preservation.