Type 2 diabetes（T2DM）is a common metabolic disorder-related disease. Insulin resistance，one of the significant pathogenesis factors of T2DM，is tightly related to the insulin signaling pathway. MicroRNA（miRNA），is a small non-coding RNA，modulates protein expression at the post-transcriptional level through binding with target genes，which participates in avariety of pathophysiological processes. Previous studies reported that miRNA palys important roles in the regulation of insulin signaling pathway. This article reviewed some miRNAs affecting key proteins in insulin signaling pathway and the regulation mechanism of the miRNAs in T2DM-associated insulin resistance to provide a new direction for the pathogenesis and treatment of T2DM.