Objective：To evaluate risk factors for the occurrence of cement leakages after percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Methods：A total of 252 vertebrae with percutaneous kyphoplasty were investigated. The following 17 parameters were evaluated：patient age，sex，and so on. The influence of possible risk factors affecting cement leakage was assessed using univariate analysis，and the parameters with statistical significance were incorporated into the multivariate logistic regression model，and the prediction model was established. The AUC value of ROC was used to evaluate the value of diagnostic tests. Results：The presence of intravertebral cleft，cortical disruption，large volume of cement and low bone mineral density were selected with statistical significance by univariate analysis for cement leakage in general. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the presence of cortical disruption（P=0.001），large volume of cement（P=0.047） and low bone mineral density（P=0.002） were independent predictors for cement leakage. The combined prediction model of cement leakage was established. The AUC value was 0.751，the sensitivity was 61.0%，and the specificity was 82.5%. Conclusion：The presence of cortical disruption，large volume of cement and low bone mineral density of treated level are three independent risk factors for cement leakage after percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures，and the combined prediction model has excellent prediction efficiency.