Objective：This study aims to evaluate the value of measurement of interleukin（IL）-36 in peritoneal dialysis effluent in predicting the peritoneal solute transport rate and prognosis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis（CAPD）patients. Methods：From June 2018 to December 2019，a total of 111 CAPD patients in peritoneal dialysis center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were analyzed，and overnight peritoneal effluents and peripheral blood were collected. The patients were grouped into H/HA or L/LA group according to the peritoneal equilibration test（PET）results，and the clinical data of the patients were collected. All the patients were followed up for 17 months，and adverse events were recorded. ELISA assays were used to assess IL-36α，IL-36β，and IL-36γ levels in peritoneal effluents and serum. The predictive role of effluent IL-36 was determined by Pearson correlation and logistic regression analysis. Results：The IL-36α AR and IL-36γ AR levels in overnight drained dialysate were significantly correlated with D/P Cr（r=0.51，P＜0.001；r=0.55，P＜0.001）and D/D0 glucose （r=-0.40，P＜0.001；r=-0.44，P＜0.001）. Logistical regression analysis showed that the effluent IL-36α AR or IL-36γ AR level in peritoneal effluents was an independent predictive factor for the peritoneal solute transport rate（OR=1.40，P=0.001；OR=1.08，P=0.016）. The area under the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve of effluent IL-36α AR was 0.75（95%CI：0.66-0.84，P < 0.001）；IL-36γ AR was 0.79（95%CI：0.70-0.88）. Moreover，effluent IL-36α AR was also an independent predictive factor for the adverse events of CAPD patients（OR=1.21，P=0.006），and the ROC curve of IL-36α AR was 0.76（95%CI：0.64-0.89）. Conclusion：Effluent IL-36 maybe a potential biomarker for predicting peritoneal solute transport rate and prognosis of CAPD patients.