Objective：To reveal the diagnostic value of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist（IL-1ra），chemokine I-TAC/CXCL11 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α（MIP-1α） in cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） for neurosyphilis. Methods：From April 2018 to December 2019，50 patients with neurosyphilis and 50 patients with syphilis were selected as the research objects. Patients with neurosyphilis were given conventional symptomatic treatment and full treatment of syphilis. The IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in CSF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） kit. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale（NIHSS） was used to evaluate the neurological function of patients. Results：Compared with patients with syphilis，the levels of IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in neurosyphilis patients were increased（P < 0.001）. Compared with early neurosyphilis patients，the level of IL-1ra in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with advanced neurosyphilis increased（P < 0.01）. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in cerebrospinal fluid between early stage and late stage patients（P > 0.05）. The level of IL-1ra in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis was significantly positively correlated with 1/serum rapid plasma regain（RPR） titer，CSF protein and CSF-WBC（P < 0.05）. Cerebrospinal fluid I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α levels were significantly positively correlated with 1/serum RPR titer and CSF protein（P < 0.05）. Compared with before treatment，the levels of IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients after treatment decreased（P < 0.001）. The AUC，sensitivity and specificity of IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α in cerebrospinal fluid for the combined diagnosis of neurosyphilis were 0.91，94.0% and 88.0%， respectively. Conclusion：IL-1ra，I-TAC/CXCL11 and MIP-1α are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. They can be used as auxiliary diagnostic tools for neurosyphilis and monitoring the therapeutic effect of neurosyphilis.