At present，long noncoding RNA（lncRNA） have become a new target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the lncRNA can participate in the regulation of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by affecting neuronal cell autophagy. This article aims to systematically review the effects of lncRNA-mediated neuronal cell autophagy in brain deficiency from the perspective of autophagy，using “lncRNA”，“neuronal autophagy” and “cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury” as keywords. Studies have shown that lncRNA can regulate important target genes at all stages of autophagy（induction，nucleation，extension，maturation，and autophagosome lysis），thereby regulating the level of autophagy and exerting neuroprotective effects. Understanding the autophagy regulation of lncRNA and its mechanism of action in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is expected to bring new hope for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.