Objective: To understand how proficiently in-school female medical university students grasp knowledge of reproductive health, learn their attitudes, behaviors and demands related, so as to provide relatively reliable evidence to educators and education administrators. Methods: Questionnaires were used to investigate 1 858 in-school female students from grade one to grade three in a medical university,using cluster sampling method. Results: The survey showed that in-school female medical university students had some knowledge about reproductive health. But only 14.8% knew “subdermal implants” as a common conception control and only 16% understood non-gonococcal urethritis as a venereal disease. 4.1% had sex experiences and 7.2% had masturbatory experiences. More than 50% were in favor of premarital sex, and 19.4% took relatively liberal attitudes towards sex. 95.7% agreed that it was necessary to undertake reproductive health education to university students. Conclusion: In-school female medical university students have less than systematic and comprehensive knowledge about reproductive health, but take relatively liberal attitudes towards sex, and show eagerness for more knowledge about reproductive health. Thus we should conduct in-school reproductive health education in a variety of ways.