Countries for training rural doctors could contribute to achievement and protection of a basic human right, which means citizens’ right to health. From the view of obligations the article discussed on the theoretical basis for the training of rural doctors and arrived the following conclusions: the training of rural doctors was not only the right and obligation of rural doctors, but also the manifestation of the health law, meeting the requirements of bioethics on the professional ethics of doctors. In addition, training of rural doctors approached to the health work in China at this stage and changes in the modern medical model.