Objective: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL)of married women in childbearing age in rural China and explore the main factors affecting their HRQoL in order to make relevant policies and recommendations. Methods:EQ-5D measure and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess HRQoL. Results:The overall health of married women in childbearing age was better than the general population. Gynecological diseases were women’s main health problem. HRQoL of those with higher level education and without gynecological diseases was better than others. Conclusion:Married women in childbearing age should increase their awareness of health and deal with the pressure from family and work. The Government should carry out the census and treatment on women’s diseases periodically and pay more attention to women’s education. Relevant policies should be made to improve women’s health.