There was an acute outbreak of schistosomiasis in 1950 of Gaoyou County, Jiangsu County. The government took emergency measures. Through accessing to local files and other information in this case study, the article expounded the development of the disease and the emergency response measures of the government, and then explained the coping mechanism of public health emergencies in the early years of China. It was an important inspiration and significance to the community health construction in the new century.