Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. It is a highly lethal disease in women and men, and new treatments are urgently needed. Several studies have implicated a role of estrogens and estrogen receptors in lung cancer progression. This review will investigate the biological significance of estrogens in lung cancer cells, the expression and molecular mechanisms of estrogen receptors(ERαand ERβ, elucidate the prognostic significance of estrogens and their receptors in lung carcinomas and provide new options for patients afflicted with lung malignancies.