Objective: To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods: The effects of different concentrations of PNS on proliferation and early osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs were determined by the MTT assay and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. An optimal effective concentration of PNS was determined and used in subsequent experiments. The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups: untreated control, H2O2 treated, and PNS pretreatment of H2O2 treated. The oxidative stress level was assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine BMSC apoptosis by staining with annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide (PI). The activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry. Results: PNS (0.1g/L) significantly increased both BMSC proliferation rate and ALP activity, while it decreased the indicators of oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, and the apoptosis rate of BMSCs induced by H2O2.. Conclusion: PNS, acting as a biological antioxidant, had a protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by decreasing oxidative stress and down-regulating caspase-3.