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通讯作者:

罗后宙,E-mail:fmm5323@163.com

中图分类号:R737.25

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2022)09-1265-06

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20220911

参考文献 1
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参考文献 2
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参考文献 4
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参考文献 6
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参考文献 7
DIEM S,SCHMID S,KRAPF M,et al.Neutrophil⁃to⁃lym⁃ phocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet ⁃ to ⁃ lymphocyte ratio(PLR)as prognostic markers in patients with non ⁃ small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)treated with nivolumab[J].Lung Cancer Amsterdam Neth,2017,111:176-181
参考文献 8
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
NUHN P,DE BONO J S,FIZAZI K,et al.Update on sys⁃ temic prostate cancer therapies:management of metastat⁃ ic castration ⁃ resistant prostate cancer in the era of preci⁃ sion oncology[J].Eur Urol,2019,75(1):88-99
参考文献 12
DE BONO J S,FLEMING M T,WANG J S,et al.Phase I study of MEDI3726:a prostate⁃specific membrane antigen ⁃ targeted antibody ⁃ drug conjugate,in patients with mCRPC after failure of abiraterone or enzalutamide[J].Clin Cancer Res,2021,27(13):3602-3609
参考文献 13
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参考文献 14
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参考文献 15
江绍钦,李梦强,许恩赐,等.前列腺癌内分泌治疗后进展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌的危险因素分析[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2018,39(11):847-851
参考文献 16
TATENUMA T,KAWAHARA T,HAYASHI N,et al.The pretherapeutic neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratiofor docetaxel⁃ based chemotherapy is useful for predicting the prognosis of Japanese patients with castration⁃resistant prostate can⁃ cer[J].Biomed Res Int,2019,2019:2535270
参考文献 17
LEE H,JEONG S J,HONG S K,et al.High preoperative neutrophil ⁃ lymphocyte ratio predicts biochemical recur⁃ rence in patients with localized prostate cancer after radi⁃ cal prostatectomy[J].World J Urol,2016,34(6):821-827
参考文献 18
KWON Y S,HAN C S,YU J W,et al.Neutrophil and lym⁃ phocyte counts as clinical markers for stratifying low⁃risk prostate cancer[J].Clin Genitourin Cancer,2016,14(1):e1-e8
参考文献 19
SUN Z,JU Y,HAN F,et al.Clinical implications of pre⁃ treatment inflammatory biomarkers as independent prog⁃ nostic indicators in prostate cancer[J].J Clin Lab Anal,2018,32(3):e22277
参考文献 20
陈一鸣,徐仁芳,许贤林,等.血小板淋巴细胞比和中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比对前列腺癌内分泌治疗后早期去势抵抗预测价值的研究[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2017(2):110-114
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PC)患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(platelet-to-lymphocyte radio,PLR)与雄激素剥夺疗法后病情进展的关联。方法:纳入2017年5月—2020年5月收治于三亚中心医院(海南省第三人民医院)的170例PC患者作研究对象,所有患者接受雄激素剥夺疗法并随访1年。将随访期间进展成去势抵抗性前列腺癌(castration-resistant prostate cancer,CRPC)者纳入进展组,其余纳入稳定组。比较两组一般资料、NLR、PLR、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio,MLR)等检查结果,应用多因素Logistic回归分析接受雄激素剥夺治疗的患者进展至CRPC的相关因素,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估NLR和PLR 对患者1年内发生CRPC的预测效能。结果:随访结束时排除14例失访及2例其他原因死亡患者,剩余154例中44例纳入进展组,110例纳入稳定组;两组Gleason评分、T分期、N分期例数分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);进展组NLR和PLR高于稳定组(P < 0.05),两组前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)水平及其最低值(PSA nadir)例数分布比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);观察到低NLR组患者1年累积死亡率低于高NLR组(log-rank χ2 =5.094,P =0.024);低PLR组患者1年累积死亡率低于高PLR组(log-rank χ2 =9.931,P =0.002);Gleason评分≥8分(OR=3.998,P =0.034)、PLR(OR=1.156,P <0.001)、NLR (OR=13.844,P < 0.001)、T4分期(OR=16.252,P =0.048)为进展至CRPC的独立危险因素;NLR和PLR预测PC患者1年内发生 CRPC的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.845和0.865,两者AUC值比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论:前列腺癌患者基线NLR和PLR值与CRPC发生相关,二者未来可能成为预测CRPC的有效手段。

    Abstract

    Objective:This study aims to explore the association between neutrophil - to - lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet - to - lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and progress after androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer(PC). Methods:Total170 PC patients treated in Sanya Central Hospital(the Third People’s Hospital of Hainan Province)from May 2017 to May 2020 were employed as study subjects. All patients received androgen deprivation therapy and follow -up for 1 year. Patients who progressed to castration - resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)during follow - up were included in the progress group,and the rest were included in the stable group. Examination results such as general data,NLR,PLR and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR)of two groups were comparatively analyzed,analyzing the factors associated with progressing to CRPC by multivariate logistic regression analysis, constructing receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve to assess prediction efficiency of NLR and PLR for predicting CRPC within 1 year. Results:At the end of follow-up,14 patients who were lost to follow-up and 2 patients who died of other causes were excluded,44 of the remaining154 cases were included in the progress group,and 110 cases were included in the stable group. There were statistical differences between two groups in the distribution of the number of Gleason score,T stage and N stage(P < 0.05). NLR and PLR in the progress group were higher than those in the stable group(P < 0.05). There were statistical differences between two groups in the distribution of the number of prostate specific antigen(PSA)level and its nadir(PSA nadir)(P < 0.05). The1-year mortality was lower in the low NLR group than in the high NLR group(log rank χ2 =5.094,P =0.024);1-year mortality was lower in the low PLR group than in the high PLR group(log rank χ2 =9.931,P =0.002);Gleason score≥8 points(OR=3.998,P =0.034),PLR(OR=1.156,P < 0.001),NLR(OR=13.844,P < 0.001)and T4 stage(OR=16.252,P =0.048)were the risk factors of progressing to CRPC. AUC of NLR and PLR for predicting CRPC within 1 year were 0.845 and 0.865. There was no statistically significant difference between the area under the curve(AUC)of both(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Baseline NLR and PLR in patients with PC correlate with the occurrence of CRPC,and both may be effective measures to predict CRPC in the future.

  • 前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PC)是男性恶性肿瘤中发病率第一的癌症[1],我国PC发病率约9/10万,并呈逐年上升趋势[2]。PC在早期无明显特殊不适,随着病情进展患者出现排尿困难、尿频、血尿、骨痛等症状,确诊时多已处于晚期。对于丧失手术机会的晚期PC患者,雄激素剥夺疗法(也称为去势治疗) 是其一线治疗方案。该疗法虽可抑制PC癌细胞生长[3],但几乎所有患者都将在18~24个月的内分泌治疗期间进展成为去势抵抗性前列腺癌(castration⁃ resistant prostate cancer,CRPC)[4],越早出现去势抵抗的患者往往预后更差、生存时间更短[5]。因此,预估去势治疗反应性、延长患者生存时间成为研究人员关注的首要问题。

  • 免疫功能与癌症机制息息相关,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio,NLR)和血小板/淋巴细胞比值(platelet⁃to⁃lymphocyte radio, PLR)等免疫指标已被证实与食管癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等多种癌症的预后和治疗反应性有关[6-8]。Martínez等[9] 报道PLR和NLR可预测CRPC患者阿比特龙的治疗反应性,提示免疫指标或可为预测PC预后带来一定信息。接受去势治疗的PC患者治疗反应性欠佳时即发展成CRPC,据此,本研究探讨NLR、PLR与去势治疗1年内发展为CRPC的关系,以期发现NLP、PLR在预测CRPC上的价值。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 纳入2017年5月—2020年5月收治于三亚中心医院(海南省第三人民医院)的170例PC患者作研究对象,纳入标准:①处于局部进展期和转移性PC的T2~T4期患者[4],年龄>20岁;②已签署知情同意书;③去势治疗的初治患者。排除标准:①合并其他肿瘤、免疫系统疾病及心、肝、肾等重要器官功能不全,不配合治疗者;②其他原因死亡者;③伴有隐睾、单侧睾丸等先天缺陷;④伴有急性或慢性感染性疾病、全身炎症性疾病。将随访期间进展成CRPC的患者纳入进展组,其余纳入稳定组。本研究已由三亚中心医院(海南省第三人民医院)伦理委员会审核通过(批准号:KY20180516006)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 研究方案

  • 比较两组基线一般资料[年龄、分期、美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, ECOG)、Gleason评分等]和实验室检查结果[PLR、 NLR、前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen, PSA)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)等]。应用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析法分析患者进展成CRPC的相关因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估NLR和PLR对患者1年内发生CRPC的预测效能。

  • 1.2.2 治疗方案

  • 所有患者治疗方式统一,均接受药物去势联合抗雄激素治疗,内分泌治疗失败后行二线内分泌治疗,二线内分泌治疗失败后行化疗或对症治疗。药物去势方案:戈舍瑞林注射液(国药准字X19990231, Astra Zeneca公司,英国)皮下注射,3.6mg/次,每28d注射1次。抗雄激素方案:比卡鲁胺片(国药准字J20150050,Astra Zeneca公司,英国)口服,50mg/次, 1次/d。对患者实施为期1年的随访,首次治疗1个月后随访1次,此后每3个月复诊1次,若无特殊情况随访以门诊或电话的形式进行。以患者发生CRPC或死亡作为终点事件,CRPC定义为:血清睾酮达到去势水平,连续3次测量观察到PSA持续上升或影像学进展[4]

  • 1.2.3 检测免疫相关指标

  • 记录患者入组时NLR、PLR、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(monocyte⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio,MLR)。取患者5mL空腹静脉血全血置于乙二胺四乙酸抗凝管中保存,通过应用美国Beckman全自动生化分析仪和VSC技术获得NLR、PLR、MLR值。

  • 1.2.4 检测PSA

  • 入组和每次复诊时取患者空腹静脉血5mL, 3 000r/min离心10min,离心半径16cm,取上清液置于-80℃冰箱中保存待检。采用免疫化学发光法和全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测血清PSA水平,试剂盒购自北京北方生物技术研究所有限公司。比较两组不同PSA基线水平段(<20ng/mL、 20~100ng/mL、>100ng/mL)[10] 的例数分布。将一线内分泌治疗过程中患者的PSA水平最低值计作PSA nadir,以所有患者PSA nadir中位数为界,比较两组不同PSA nadir水平段(<中位数和≥中位数)的例数分布。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件分析。计量资料采用均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;计数资料用例(百分比)[(n)%]表示,应用 χ2 检验;比较组间等级资料差异采用秩和检验;应用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析患者进展至CRPC的相关因素;应用ROC曲线评估NLR和PLR对患者1年内发生CRPC的预测效能,De Long法比较曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)差异,利用ROC曲线获取NLR和PLR的截点(cut⁃off值);P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 两组一般资料比较

  • 截至2021年5月30日,排除14例失访及2例其他原因死亡患者后,剩余154例中44例纳入进展组,110例纳入稳定组,两组各有32例、10例患者于随访期间因PC死亡;最终纳入患者的平均年龄为 (71.97±6.02)岁,Gleason评分<8分者共83例,≥8分者71例,远处转移103例。

  • 两组Gleason评分、T分期、N分期例数分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P< 0.05);两组其余指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05,表1)。

  • 2.2 两组实验室检查结果比较

  • 进展组NLR和PLR高于稳定组(P< 0.05),两组不同水平PSA和PSA nadir例数分布比较差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05);两组其余指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05,表2)。

  • 表1 两组一般资料比较

  • Table1 Comparison of general information between the two groups

  • 2.3 不同NLR和PLR值患者1年内生存情况比较

  • 以所有患者NLR值中位数2.234将患者分为高NLR组和低NLR组(各77例),再以所有患者PLR值中位数135.822将患者分为高PLR组和低PLR组 (各77例);观察到低NLR组患者1年累积死亡率低于高NLR组(log rank χ2=5.094,P=0.024);低PLR组患者1年累积死亡率低于高PLR组(log ⁃ rank χ2=9.931,P=0.002,图1)。

  • 表2 两组实验室检查结果比较

  • Table2 Comparison of laboratory test results between the two groups

  • 图1 不同NLR值患者和不同PLR值患者1年累积死亡率

  • Fig.1 Cumulative1⁃year mortality in patients with different NLR or with different PLR

  • 2.4 两组进展至CRPC相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析

  • Gleason评分≥8分(OR=3.998,P=0.034)、PLR (OR=1.156,P< 0.001)、NLR(OR=13.844,P< 0.001)、 T4分期(OR=16.252,P=0.048)为进展至CRPC的独立危险因素,赋值情况见表3,结果见表4。

  • 2.5 NLR和PLR对PC患者1 年内发生CRPC的预测效能

  • ROC曲线示,NLR和PLR预测PC患者1年内发生CRPC的AUC分别为0.845和0.865,两者AUC值比较差异无统计学意义(Z=0.420,P=0.675,图1,表5)。

  • 3 讨论

  • PC是男性泌尿生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,日益成为男性的健康威胁。雄激素剥夺治疗能减少雄激素对癌细胞的促进作用,但不能阻止PC向CRPC进展,患者一旦进入CRPC,预后不尽人意[11]。因此,寻找影响去势治疗反应性的相关因素成为困扰医生的一大难题。近年来有研究表明NLR与PC进展和预后相关[12],提示免疫相关指标可能预测患者预后和治疗反应性。本研究基于此,探讨接受雄激素剥夺治疗的PC患者免疫相关指标与进展至CRPC之间的关联。

  • 表3 赋值情况说明

  • Table3 Description of the assignment

  • 众所周知,肿瘤的分化程度和分期与预后息息相关[13]。本研究中,两组Gleason评分、T分期、N分期例数分布比较,差异均有统计学意义;两组PSA和PSA nadir例数分布比较差异有统计学意义;Glea⁃ son评分≥8分和T4分期为进展至CRPC的独立危险因素。PC患者T分期和Gleason评分与进展至CRPC相关,T分期和Gleason评分较高的患者肿瘤进展越严重,这种效应可能与变化了的肿瘤细胞间质炎症因子通路有关[14],详细机制还需更多研究证实。本研究未观察到PSA和PSA nadir与CRPC的相关性,但江绍钦等[15] 报道Gleason评分、最低PSA值、 PSA到达最低值时间是PC去势治疗后出现CRPC的独立危险因素,与本研究结果不同,可能是由于该研究随访时间为6~92个月,而本研究限定随访时间为1年所致。

  • 表4 两组进展至CRPC相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析结果

  • Table4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis results of the factors associated with CRPC progresion

  • 图1 NLR和PLR预测PC患者1年内发生CRPC的ROC曲线

  • Fig.1 ROC curves of NLR and PLR predicting the occurrence of CRPC in PC patients within 1year

  • 免疫状态影响着肿瘤细胞的代谢活动,NLR和PLR等免疫指标已被证实与多种肿瘤预后相关[16]。本研究观察到低NLR组患者1年累积死亡率低于高NLR组,低PLR组患者1年累积死亡率低于高PLR组,PLR和NLR为进展至CRPC的独立危险因素;二者预测1年内发生CRPC的AUC分别为0.845和0.865。PC肿瘤细胞能分泌大量细胞因子,引起炎症反应,造成中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、血小板数量改变[17]。Kwon等[18] 报道中性粒细胞又可分泌大量炎症因子,促进肿瘤扩散,并能分泌中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白和多种生长因子促进PC癌细胞的增殖。而淋巴细胞参与了肿瘤细胞的凋亡过程,但中性粒细胞可抑制淋巴细胞对肿瘤的细胞毒性作用,进一步推动了癌症进展。Sun等[19] 报道NLR和PLR值升高与PC进展相关,NLR还与总生存率和无病生存率有关,NLR越高无病生存率越差。该结论一定程度上支持了本研究中NLR和PLR与预后相关的观点,但与本文终点事件的选取上有所区别。陈一鸣等[20] 报道,在PC患者中,高PLR组和高NLR组未发生CRPC的生存时间分别低于低PLR组和低NLR组,PLR≥115.0和NLR≥2.3是早期发生CRPC的独立危险因素。即使该研究与本研究在随访时长上不同,但二者得出了相似的结论。本研究还观察到PLR和NLR对患者1年内发生CRPC的预测效能良好,提示免疫指标有助于初步筛查出CRPC高风险患者,对拟定治疗方案意义重大。此外,本文存在不足之处,研究对象仅纳入药物去势治疗的PC患者,有待丰富研究内容以挖掘手术去势治疗患者免疫相关指标与发生CRPC的关系。

  • 表5 NLR和PLR预测PC患者1年内发生CRPC的AUC

  • Table5 AUC of NLR and PLR predicting the occurrence of CRPC in PC patients within 1year

  • 综上,药物去势治疗的PC患者NLR和PLR基线值与早期进展为CRPC有关,免疫相关指标可为预测此类患者发生CRPC提供一定参考。

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    • [6] 张思思,袁耒.术前血小板与淋巴细胞比值和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对食管癌预后的预测价值[J].肿瘤防治研究,2017,44(12):811-815

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    • [12] DE BONO J S,FLEMING M T,WANG J S,et al.Phase I study of MEDI3726:a prostate⁃specific membrane antigen ⁃ targeted antibody ⁃ drug conjugate,in patients with mCRPC after failure of abiraterone or enzalutamide[J].Clin Cancer Res,2021,27(13):3602-3609

    • [13] GU X,GAO X,LI X,et al.Prognostic significance of neu⁃ trophil ⁃ to ⁃ lymphocyte ratio in prostate cancer:evidence from 16,266 patients[J].Sci Rep,2016,6(2):22089

    • [14] STAAL J,BEYAERT R.Inflammation and NF⁃κB signal⁃ ing in prostate cancer:mechanisms and clinical implica⁃ tions[J].Cells,2018,7(9):122

    • [15] 江绍钦,李梦强,许恩赐,等.前列腺癌内分泌治疗后进展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌的危险因素分析[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2018,39(11):847-851

    • [16] TATENUMA T,KAWAHARA T,HAYASHI N,et al.The pretherapeutic neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratiofor docetaxel⁃ based chemotherapy is useful for predicting the prognosis of Japanese patients with castration⁃resistant prostate can⁃ cer[J].Biomed Res Int,2019,2019:2535270

    • [17] LEE H,JEONG S J,HONG S K,et al.High preoperative neutrophil ⁃ lymphocyte ratio predicts biochemical recur⁃ rence in patients with localized prostate cancer after radi⁃ cal prostatectomy[J].World J Urol,2016,34(6):821-827

    • [18] KWON Y S,HAN C S,YU J W,et al.Neutrophil and lym⁃ phocyte counts as clinical markers for stratifying low⁃risk prostate cancer[J].Clin Genitourin Cancer,2016,14(1):e1-e8

    • [19] SUN Z,JU Y,HAN F,et al.Clinical implications of pre⁃ treatment inflammatory biomarkers as independent prog⁃ nostic indicators in prostate cancer[J].J Clin Lab Anal,2018,32(3):e22277

    • [20] 陈一鸣,徐仁芳,许贤林,等.血小板淋巴细胞比和中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比对前列腺癌内分泌治疗后早期去势抵抗预测价值的研究[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2017(2):110-114

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 吴长富,王超,罗玉红,等.“免疫治疗+”在前列腺癌治疗中的研究进展[J].中国男科学杂志,2021,35(1):76-80

    • [2] 何奇瑞,林思浩,王杰,等.局部进展期前列腺癌的诊治进展[J].中国男科学杂志,2020,34(6):62-66

    • [3] 江杰,梁超,苗陈岿,等.血清睾酮水平在前列腺癌管理中的新认识[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(9):1399-1402

    • [4] 周利群.中国前列腺癌药物去势治疗专家共识解读 [J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2017,38(S1):4-5

    • [5] JI G J,SONG G,HUANG C,et al.Rapidly decreasing lev⁃ el of prostate⁃specific antigen during initial androgen de⁃ privation therapy is a risk factor for early progression to castration ⁃ resistant prostate cancer:a retrospective study [J].Medicine,2017,96(36):e7823

    • [6] 张思思,袁耒.术前血小板与淋巴细胞比值和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对食管癌预后的预测价值[J].肿瘤防治研究,2017,44(12):811-815

    • [7] DIEM S,SCHMID S,KRAPF M,et al.Neutrophil⁃to⁃lym⁃ phocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet ⁃ to ⁃ lymphocyte ratio(PLR)as prognostic markers in patients with non ⁃ small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)treated with nivolumab[J].Lung Cancer Amsterdam Neth,2017,111:176-181

    • [8] GRAZIANO V,GRASSADONIA A,IEZZI L,et al.Com⁃ bination of peripheral neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio and platelet ⁃to ⁃lymphocyte ratio is predictive of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients[J].Breast Edinb Scotl,2019,44:33-38

    • [9] MARTÍNEZ A J,MORENO C R,PÁRAMO S,et al.Plate⁃ let⁃lymphocyte and neutrophil⁃lymphocyte ratios are prog⁃ nostic but not predictive of response to abiraterone ace⁃ tate in metastatic castration ⁃ resistant prostate cancer[J].Clin Transl Oncol,2017,19(12):1531-1536

    • [10] 罗继毅,李成山.前列腺特异性抗原密度、Gleason 评分、血清铁蛋白对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值分析 [J].中国医师杂志,2018,20(7):1036-1038

    • [11] NUHN P,DE BONO J S,FIZAZI K,et al.Update on sys⁃ temic prostate cancer therapies:management of metastat⁃ ic castration ⁃ resistant prostate cancer in the era of preci⁃ sion oncology[J].Eur Urol,2019,75(1):88-99

    • [12] DE BONO J S,FLEMING M T,WANG J S,et al.Phase I study of MEDI3726:a prostate⁃specific membrane antigen ⁃ targeted antibody ⁃ drug conjugate,in patients with mCRPC after failure of abiraterone or enzalutamide[J].Clin Cancer Res,2021,27(13):3602-3609

    • [13] GU X,GAO X,LI X,et al.Prognostic significance of neu⁃ trophil ⁃ to ⁃ lymphocyte ratio in prostate cancer:evidence from 16,266 patients[J].Sci Rep,2016,6(2):22089

    • [14] STAAL J,BEYAERT R.Inflammation and NF⁃κB signal⁃ ing in prostate cancer:mechanisms and clinical implica⁃ tions[J].Cells,2018,7(9):122

    • [15] 江绍钦,李梦强,许恩赐,等.前列腺癌内分泌治疗后进展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌的危险因素分析[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2018,39(11):847-851

    • [16] TATENUMA T,KAWAHARA T,HAYASHI N,et al.The pretherapeutic neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratiofor docetaxel⁃ based chemotherapy is useful for predicting the prognosis of Japanese patients with castration⁃resistant prostate can⁃ cer[J].Biomed Res Int,2019,2019:2535270

    • [17] LEE H,JEONG S J,HONG S K,et al.High preoperative neutrophil ⁃ lymphocyte ratio predicts biochemical recur⁃ rence in patients with localized prostate cancer after radi⁃ cal prostatectomy[J].World J Urol,2016,34(6):821-827

    • [18] KWON Y S,HAN C S,YU J W,et al.Neutrophil and lym⁃ phocyte counts as clinical markers for stratifying low⁃risk prostate cancer[J].Clin Genitourin Cancer,2016,14(1):e1-e8

    • [19] SUN Z,JU Y,HAN F,et al.Clinical implications of pre⁃ treatment inflammatory biomarkers as independent prog⁃ nostic indicators in prostate cancer[J].J Clin Lab Anal,2018,32(3):e22277

    • [20] 陈一鸣,徐仁芳,许贤林,等.血小板淋巴细胞比和中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比对前列腺癌内分泌治疗后早期去势抵抗预测价值的研究[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2017(2):110-114