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通讯作者:

王森,E-mail:yyaj2013@163.com

中图分类号:R651.1

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2022)10-1421-05

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20221011

参考文献 1
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参考文献 2
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参考文献 4
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参考文献 5
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参考文献 6
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参考文献 7
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参考文献 8
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 12
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参考文献 14
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参考文献 15
李想,刘金荣,刘永生,等.血清同型半胱氨酸水平与老年脑出血患者血肿吸收及认知功能的相关性[J].中华老年医学杂志,2020,39(5):493-496
参考文献 16
苏建,张津华,蒋超.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分布的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2019,39(6):1306-1308
参考文献 17
CHANG Y,LI Y,GUO X,et al.The prevalence of hyper⁃ tension accompanied by high homocysteine and its risk factors in a rural population:a cross⁃sectional study from northeast China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(4):E376
参考文献 18
王洪志,刘晓阳,于远军,等.缺血性脑血管病患者血清 Lp⁃PLA2、Hcy 及 hs⁃CRP 与颈动脉病变特点的相关性分析[J].疑难病杂志,2018,17(9):888-891,904
参考文献 19
KANAVAKI A,SPENGOS K,MORAKI M,et al.Serum levels of S100b and NSE proteins in patients with non ⁃ transfusion⁃dependent thalassemia as biomarkers of brain ischemia and cerebral vasculopathy[J].Int J Mol Sci,2017,18(12):E2724
参考文献 20
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目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探究外周血S100钙结合蛋白、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平与创伤性颅脑损伤患者颅内血肿吸收情况及认知功能的相关性。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年12月南京医科大学附属逸夫医院收治的74例创伤性颅脑损伤患者为观察组,同期于本院体检的75例健康人为对照组,比较两组外周血S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平;根据血肿吸收情况和是否发生认知功能障碍,将观察组分为吸收良好组、吸收不良组或有认知功能障碍组、无认知功能障碍组,分别比较各组间S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平,分析观察组血肿吸收情况、认知功能与外周血S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平的相关性。结果:观察组S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平明显高于对照组;吸收良好组血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平明显低于吸收不良组;血清内S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平互为正相关,且均与血肿吸收水平呈负相关,即血肿吸收越好,血清内指标越低;有认知功能障碍组血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE 水平明显高于无认知功能障碍组;认知功能障碍和血清内S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平均呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义 (P < 0.05)。结论:创伤性颅脑损伤患者血肿吸收情况和认知功能与外周血中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平具有明显的相关性,有助于该病的临床诊治。

    Abstract

    Objective:To explore the relationship between the levels of S100 calcium binding protein,homocysteine(homocysteine, Hcy)and neuron specific enolase(neuronspecificenolase,NSE)in peripheral blood and the absorption of intracranial hematoma and cognitive function in patients with traumatic craniocerebral injury. Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on 74 patients with traumatic craniocerebral injury treated in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 as the observation group,and 75 healthy persons who underwent physical examination in our hospital in the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE in peripheral blood of the two groups were compared. According to the absorption of hematoma and the occurrence of cognitive impairment,the observation group was divided into good absorption group,poor absorption group or cognitive impairment group and non - cognitive impairment group. The levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE were compared among the groups. The correlation of hematoma absorption and cognitive function with the levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE in peripheral blood was analyzed. Results:The levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,the serum levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE in the good absorption group were significantly lower than those in the malabsorption group,and the serum levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE were positively correlated and negatively correlated with the absorption level of hematoma,that is,the better the absorption of hematoma,the lower the serum index. The levels of serum S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE in patients with cognitive impairment were significantly higher than those without cognitive impairment,and there was a positive correlation between cognitive impairment and serum levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The hematoma absorption and cognitive function of patients with traumatic craniocerebral injury are significantly correlated with the levels of S100 calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE in peripheral blood,which is helpful for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

  • 创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是因创伤引起的一种多发性疾病,常伴有其他系统的损害,其病死率和致残率位居创伤首位。颅内血肿是创伤性脑损伤常见的症状,经过治疗及机体自身的康复,血肿逐渐吸收至正常[1]。创伤性脑损伤的患者往往出现长期的功能障碍,主要为认知功能障碍,影响患者的预后及生活质量。临床研究表明,机体内的多种分子与创伤性脑损伤颅内血肿的吸收速度及认知功能障碍相关[2]。杨文进等[3] 通过探究急性创伤性脑损伤患者血清中Tau蛋白的动态变化与认知功能障碍的相关性发现,急性创伤性脑损伤患者血清中Tau明显升高,并与认知功能障碍呈正相关。S100钙结合蛋白是一种钙传感器蛋白,具有活化、调节功能并参与靶蛋白的亚细胞定位,常参与肿瘤发生发展的进程[4];血清同型半胱氨酸 (homocysteine,Hcy)是一种含硫氨基酸物质,与高血压等心血管疾病有关,有研究发现,Hcy对脑小血管疾病的敏感性效应大于脑大血管疾病[5];神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)主要分布于人体脑神经元和内分泌细胞,同时也是颅脑损伤的主要标志物[6]。目前,临床上尚缺乏S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与创伤性颅脑损伤患者颅内血肿吸收情况及其与认知功能的相关性研究。本实验通过测定创伤性颅脑损伤患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平探究其与创伤性颅脑损伤患者颅内血肿吸收情况及其与认知功能的相关性。现报道如下

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 回顾性分析2018年1月—2020年12月本院收治的74例创伤性颅脑损伤患者作为研究的观察组,其纳入标准:①有明确的创伤性颅脑损伤病史,发生后24h内入院;②年龄范围为18~60岁;③病情稳定后所有患者能进行认知功能评定;④入院后完善颅脑CT,血肿直径均>1cm。排除标准:①既往有创伤性颅脑损伤病史;②有颅内其他病变; ③有认知功能障碍;④合并有糖尿病、高血压、严重肝肾功能不全的其他基础疾病;⑤合并其他脏器严重损伤;⑥治疗过程中死亡。观察组男48例,女26例,平均年龄为(43.80±13.47)岁;创伤原因:高处坠落伤10例,交通事故伤43例,不慎摔伤17例,其他4例。选取同一时期于本院体检的75例健康人作为对照组,其平均年龄为(36.29±6.42)岁。观察组和对照组的一般资料差异无统计学意义(P< 0.05),具有可比性。向所有患者及家属交代研究目的及相关风险后签署知情同意书,通过医院伦理委员会审查。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 观察组患者于入院后立即抽取外周静脉血10mL,对照组于体检当日采集空腹外周静脉血10mL,收集完毕后送往中心实验室,其中5mL于常温1 000r/min、离心10min后收集上层血清,保存至-70℃备用。采用酶联免疫法测定外周血清中S100钙结合蛋白和NSE水平,其操作方法严格按照试剂盒(上海康朗生物科技有限公司)说明进行;另外5mL经离心处理后,采用全自动生化仪(日立7180)测定Hcy浓度[7]

  • 观察组患者入院7d后对所有患者行颅脑CT检查判定血肿吸收程度,将血肿直径<1cm定义为吸收良好组,血肿直径>1cm定义为吸收不良组,分别抽取两组患者外周静脉血10mL,按照上述方法测定两组患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE的浓度[8]

  • 随访观察组患者6个月后由经过正规培训的神经外科医生对创伤性颅脑损伤患者进行认知功能测定,测定时间统一为14:00开始,测定时间为30min。选用MoCA量表进行认知功能测定,总分为30分,分数< 26分表示认知功能障碍。根据评分将观察组分为有认知功能障碍组和无认知功能障碍组,分别抽取两组患者外周静脉血10mL,按照上述方法测定两组患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE浓度[9]

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用SPSS 21.0统计软件对实验数据进行分析处理,计量资料用均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;采用Pearson方法分析血肿吸收情况和认知功能与外周血S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平的相关性。P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 观察组和对照组外周血S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平比较

  • 通过比较观察组和对照组两组血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平发现,观察组中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05,表1)。

  • 表1 观察组和对照组的外周血S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平比较

  • Table1 Comparison of the levels of S100calcium binding protein,Hcy and NSE in peripheral blood between the observation group and the control group

  • 2.2 不同血肿吸收情况患者血清S100 钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平比较

  • 根据颅内血肿吸收好坏将观察组分为吸收良好组和吸收不良组,通过比较两组患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平发现,吸收良好组血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平明显低于吸收不良组,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05,表2)。

  • 表2 两组血清S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平比较

  • Table2 Comparison of serum S100calcium binding pro⁃ tein,Hcy and NSE levels between the two groups

  • 2.3 血清S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与颅内血肿吸收的相关性分析

  • 通过分析S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与颅内血肿吸收的相关性发现,血肿吸收程度和血清内S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平均呈负相关,即血肿吸收越好,血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平越低,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),而患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE互为正相关,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05,表3)。

  • 表3 血清S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与颅内血肿吸收的相关性分析

  • Table3 Correlation between serum S100calcium bind⁃ ing protein,Hcy,NSE levels and intracranial he⁃ matoma absorption

  • **P< 0.01,***P< 0.001。

  • 2.4 有认知功能障碍和无认知功能障碍患者血清S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平比较

  • 根据认知功能评分,将观察组分为有认知功能障碍组和无认知功能障碍组,比较两组患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平发现,有认知功能障碍的患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平明显高于无认知功能障碍的患者,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05,表4)。

  • 2.5 血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与认知功能的相关性分析

  • 通过分析S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与认知功能的相关性发现,认知功能和血清内S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平均呈负相关,即认知功能障碍越严重的患者,血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平越高,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),而患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE互为正相关,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05,表5)。

  • 表4 两组血清S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平比较

  • Table4 Comparison of serum S100calcium binding pro⁃ tein,Hcy and NSE levels between the two groups

  • 表5 血清S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与认知功能的相关性分析

  • Table5 Correlation between serum S100calcium bind⁃ ing protein,Hcy,NSE levels and cognitive func⁃ tion

  • **P< 0.01,***P< 0.001。

  • 3 讨论

  • 创伤性脑损伤是临床上常见的颅脑损伤,常伴有颅内血肿、意识障碍、多器官功能衰竭等,随着医疗技术的不断发展,创伤性脑损伤的致死率和致残率明显降低[10]。有临床研究发现,创伤性脑损伤患者常出现记忆力、语言、注意力、视觉空间能力、执行能力等异常的认知功能障碍[11]

  • S100钙结合蛋白是一类EF⁃手型钙结合蛋白,主要参与细胞分化、肿瘤发生与发展、细胞外基质等活动。目前认为,二聚体是S100钙结合蛋白发挥生物学效应的主要形式,当与钙离子结合时,二聚体内的螺旋结构发生重排,并暴露出靶蛋白识别位点,从而发挥作用。S100B钙结合蛋白主要存在于中枢神经系统的星形胶质细胞内,被称为脑内特异性蛋白[12-13]。有学者从钙爆发后与下游分子结合而引发的细胞凋亡与抗凋亡通路的角度进行了深入研究,发现S100家族蛋白可与钙离子结合,进一步可与钙周期素结合蛋白CacyBp结合转导信号,从而提出TBI后可能存在调控细胞凋亡的细胞内信号转导通路:Ca2 +/S100/CacyBp/β⁃catenin(β⁃tubu⁃ lin)[14]。当发生颅脑损伤时,S100钙结合蛋白释放增加从而引起细胞凋亡。

  • Hcy是甲硫氨酸代谢过程中的一种产物,在细胞内合成后进入血液并参与循环过程。李想等[15] 研究发现Hcy与老年人脑出血后颅内血肿吸收及认知功能障碍有关,脑出血的老年人血清中Hcy浓度越高,颅内血肿吸收越差,认知功能障碍发生率越高。Hcy参与颅内血肿吸收和认知功能的机制主要有:①当血清内Hcy升高时,血管壁表面的弹力层发生损伤,抑制内皮细胞增生,导致内皮细胞不稳定,增加细胞的通透性,从而引起组织液渗出增多,最终导致血肿吸收较差,通过影响神经纤维血供而引起认知功能障碍[16];②Hcy通过促进血管壁弹力和胶原纤维溶解,诱发血管重构,引起血流障碍,从而导致血肿吸收较差及神经纤维损伤[17];③Hcy通过增加促炎因子等一系列活性氧自由基合成,抑制一氧化氮的合成,导致血管舒张功能障碍,使血肿吸收受限并加重神经纤维损伤,加重认知功能障碍[18]。当发生颅脑损伤时,血液中Hcy增加,从而引起血肿吸收障碍及认知功能障碍。

  • NSE主要存在于神经元细胞,以二聚体同工酶的形式作为神经元细胞和周围神经内分泌细胞的标志物,同时也是神经细胞糖酵解过程中的限速酶[19]。当颅脑损伤时,大量细胞被破坏,脑组织细胞缺氧严重,脑循环发生改变,NSE作为标志物也随之升高[20],神经细胞大量坏死,从而引起认知功能障碍。

  • 本实验通过测定创伤性脑损伤患者血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE浓度探究其与血肿吸收情况和认知功能的相关性。实验结果显示,当发生创伤性颅脑损伤时,血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平明显升高,同时S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平升高的患者,颅脑血肿吸收较差,且更容易发生认知功能障碍。

  • 综上所述,S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平与创伤性颅脑损伤颅内血肿量及认知功能障碍的发生呈正相关,可早期干预降低血清中S100钙结合蛋白、Hcy及NSE水平,从而减少认知功能障碍的发生,缩短患者的病程,提高生活质量,改善预后。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] CHEE J N,HAWLEY C,CHARLTON J L,et al.Risk of motor vehicle collision or driving impairment after trau⁃ matic brain injury:a collaborative international systemat⁃ ic review and Meta⁃analysis[J].J Head Trauma Rehabil,2019,34(1):E27-E38

    • [2] KERSHNER I A,SINKIN M V,OBUKHOV Y V.Detec⁃ tion of epileptic seizures in EEG signals during long⁃term monitoring of patients after traumatic brain injury[J].J Phys Conf Ser,2019,1368(5):52007

    • [3] 杨文进,郭义君,郑平,等.急性创伤性脑损伤患者血清Tau蛋白动态变化及其与认知功能障碍的相关性研究[J].中华创伤杂志,2018,34(1):35-39

    • [4] IZYCKA N,STERZYNSKA K,JANUCHOWSKI R,et al.Semaphorin 3A(SEMA3A),protocadherin 9(PCdh9),and S100 calcium binding protein A3(S100A3)as poten⁃ tial biomarkers of carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of different neoplasms,including ovarian cancer ⁃ review of literature[J].Ginekol Pol,2019,90(4):223-227

    • [5] JIANG P,HE Y,ZHAO Y,et al.Hierarchical surface ar⁃ chitecture of hemodialysis membranes for eliminating ho⁃ mocysteine based on the multifunctional role of pyridoxal 5’⁃ phosphate[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2020,12(33):36837-36850

    • [6] ANDZELIKA B,WIESLAW Z,KATARZYNA K,et al.Homocysteine ⁃induced decrease in HUVEC cells’resis⁃ tance to oxidative stress is mediated by Akt ⁃ dependent changes in iron metabolism[J].Eur J Nutr,2020,60(pre⁃ publish):1-13

    • [7] CLIFFORD⁃MOBLEY O,PALMER F,ROONEY K,et al.Serum neuron ⁃ specific enolase measurement for neuro ⁃ prognostication post out ⁃of ⁃hospital cardiac arrest:deter⁃ mination of the optimum testing strategy in routine clini⁃ cal use[J].Ann Clin Biochem,2020,57(1):69-76

    • [8] 童武松,郭义君,杨文进,等.急性创伤性脑损伤后早期认知功能障碍特征及影响因素分析[J].中华创伤杂志,2015,31(2):128-132

    • [9] 邬树凯,陈峻严,高宏志,等.重型创伤性颅脑损伤后认知功能障碍特征及其影响因素的初步研究[J].中国医师进修杂志,2011,34(29):26-29

    • [10] DAS M,MAYILSAMY K,MOHAPATRA S S,et al.Mes⁃ enchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury:progress and prospects[J].Rev Neurosci,2019,30(8):839-855

    • [11] 王晶,徐超,李晓红,等.亚低温促进大鼠创伤性脑损伤后神经再生的机制研究[J].中华创伤杂志,2019(3):274-281

    • [12] ZHANG Y,LIU F.Elevation of S100 calcium⁃binding pro⁃ tein A7 in recurrent pterygium[J].Exp Ther Med,2019,18(4):3147-3152

    • [13] ELSHORBAGY H H,BARSEEM N F,ELSADEK A E,et al.Serum neuron⁃specific enolase and S100 calcium⁃bind⁃ ing protein B in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis[J].J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol,2019,11(4):374-387

    • [14] HAN S,LOCKE A K,OAKS L A,et al.Nanoparticle ⁃ based assay for detection of S100P mRNA using surface ⁃ enhanced Raman spectroscopy[J].J Biomed Opt,2019,24(5):1-9

    • [15] 李想,刘金荣,刘永生,等.血清同型半胱氨酸水平与老年脑出血患者血肿吸收及认知功能的相关性[J].中华老年医学杂志,2020,39(5):493-496

    • [16] 苏建,张津华,蒋超.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分布的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2019,39(6):1306-1308

    • [17] CHANG Y,LI Y,GUO X,et al.The prevalence of hyper⁃ tension accompanied by high homocysteine and its risk factors in a rural population:a cross⁃sectional study from northeast China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(4):E376

    • [18] 王洪志,刘晓阳,于远军,等.缺血性脑血管病患者血清 Lp⁃PLA2、Hcy 及 hs⁃CRP 与颈动脉病变特点的相关性分析[J].疑难病杂志,2018,17(9):888-891,904

    • [19] KANAVAKI A,SPENGOS K,MORAKI M,et al.Serum levels of S100b and NSE proteins in patients with non ⁃ transfusion⁃dependent thalassemia as biomarkers of brain ischemia and cerebral vasculopathy[J].Int J Mol Sci,2017,18(12):E2724

    • [20] STERNBERG Z,PODOLSKY R,NIR A,et al.Increased free prostate specific antigen serum levels in Alzheimer’s disease,correlation with Cognitive Decline[J].J Neurol Sci,2019,400:188-193

  • 参考文献

    • [1] CHEE J N,HAWLEY C,CHARLTON J L,et al.Risk of motor vehicle collision or driving impairment after trau⁃ matic brain injury:a collaborative international systemat⁃ ic review and Meta⁃analysis[J].J Head Trauma Rehabil,2019,34(1):E27-E38

    • [2] KERSHNER I A,SINKIN M V,OBUKHOV Y V.Detec⁃ tion of epileptic seizures in EEG signals during long⁃term monitoring of patients after traumatic brain injury[J].J Phys Conf Ser,2019,1368(5):52007

    • [3] 杨文进,郭义君,郑平,等.急性创伤性脑损伤患者血清Tau蛋白动态变化及其与认知功能障碍的相关性研究[J].中华创伤杂志,2018,34(1):35-39

    • [4] IZYCKA N,STERZYNSKA K,JANUCHOWSKI R,et al.Semaphorin 3A(SEMA3A),protocadherin 9(PCdh9),and S100 calcium binding protein A3(S100A3)as poten⁃ tial biomarkers of carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of different neoplasms,including ovarian cancer ⁃ review of literature[J].Ginekol Pol,2019,90(4):223-227

    • [5] JIANG P,HE Y,ZHAO Y,et al.Hierarchical surface ar⁃ chitecture of hemodialysis membranes for eliminating ho⁃ mocysteine based on the multifunctional role of pyridoxal 5’⁃ phosphate[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2020,12(33):36837-36850

    • [6] ANDZELIKA B,WIESLAW Z,KATARZYNA K,et al.Homocysteine ⁃induced decrease in HUVEC cells’resis⁃ tance to oxidative stress is mediated by Akt ⁃ dependent changes in iron metabolism[J].Eur J Nutr,2020,60(pre⁃ publish):1-13

    • [7] CLIFFORD⁃MOBLEY O,PALMER F,ROONEY K,et al.Serum neuron ⁃ specific enolase measurement for neuro ⁃ prognostication post out ⁃of ⁃hospital cardiac arrest:deter⁃ mination of the optimum testing strategy in routine clini⁃ cal use[J].Ann Clin Biochem,2020,57(1):69-76

    • [8] 童武松,郭义君,杨文进,等.急性创伤性脑损伤后早期认知功能障碍特征及影响因素分析[J].中华创伤杂志,2015,31(2):128-132

    • [9] 邬树凯,陈峻严,高宏志,等.重型创伤性颅脑损伤后认知功能障碍特征及其影响因素的初步研究[J].中国医师进修杂志,2011,34(29):26-29

    • [10] DAS M,MAYILSAMY K,MOHAPATRA S S,et al.Mes⁃ enchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury:progress and prospects[J].Rev Neurosci,2019,30(8):839-855

    • [11] 王晶,徐超,李晓红,等.亚低温促进大鼠创伤性脑损伤后神经再生的机制研究[J].中华创伤杂志,2019(3):274-281

    • [12] ZHANG Y,LIU F.Elevation of S100 calcium⁃binding pro⁃ tein A7 in recurrent pterygium[J].Exp Ther Med,2019,18(4):3147-3152

    • [13] ELSHORBAGY H H,BARSEEM N F,ELSADEK A E,et al.Serum neuron⁃specific enolase and S100 calcium⁃bind⁃ ing protein B in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis[J].J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol,2019,11(4):374-387

    • [14] HAN S,LOCKE A K,OAKS L A,et al.Nanoparticle ⁃ based assay for detection of S100P mRNA using surface ⁃ enhanced Raman spectroscopy[J].J Biomed Opt,2019,24(5):1-9

    • [15] 李想,刘金荣,刘永生,等.血清同型半胱氨酸水平与老年脑出血患者血肿吸收及认知功能的相关性[J].中华老年医学杂志,2020,39(5):493-496

    • [16] 苏建,张津华,蒋超.不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分布的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2019,39(6):1306-1308

    • [17] CHANG Y,LI Y,GUO X,et al.The prevalence of hyper⁃ tension accompanied by high homocysteine and its risk factors in a rural population:a cross⁃sectional study from northeast China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(4):E376

    • [18] 王洪志,刘晓阳,于远军,等.缺血性脑血管病患者血清 Lp⁃PLA2、Hcy 及 hs⁃CRP 与颈动脉病变特点的相关性分析[J].疑难病杂志,2018,17(9):888-891,904

    • [19] KANAVAKI A,SPENGOS K,MORAKI M,et al.Serum levels of S100b and NSE proteins in patients with non ⁃ transfusion⁃dependent thalassemia as biomarkers of brain ischemia and cerebral vasculopathy[J].Int J Mol Sci,2017,18(12):E2724

    • [20] STERNBERG Z,PODOLSKY R,NIR A,et al.Increased free prostate specific antigen serum levels in Alzheimer’s disease,correlation with Cognitive Decline[J].J Neurol Sci,2019,400:188-193