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通讯作者:

汤郁,E-mail:tangtang@ujs.edu.cn

中图分类号:R593.22

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2023)04-459-09

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20230403

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参考文献 14
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参考文献 19
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参考文献 22
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参考文献 27
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目录contents

    摘要

    目的:研究类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者外周血(peripheral blood,PB)及关节滑液(synovial fluid,SF) 中调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)表达CXC趋化因子受体4(C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4,CXCR4)的水平以及与疾病活动标志物的相关性,探讨CXCR4+ Treg参与RA的发病机制。方法:①收集51例RA患者及40例健康人外周血,常规关节穿刺术抽取10例RA 患者和8例骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者膝关节滑液,流式细胞术检测外周血及关节液中CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg及CXCR4+ Treg细胞比例。收集RA患者临床资料,与外周血Treg及CXCR4+ Treg比例进行相关性分析。②Ficoll 密度梯度离心法分离RA患者和健康人外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC),免疫磁珠正选试剂盒分选CD4+ T细胞置于Transwell上室,下室加入趋化因子配体12(C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12,CXCL12),24 h后收集下室细胞,流式细胞术检测迁移到下室的CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg。结果:①与健康对照相比,RA患者外周血Treg及CXCR4+ Treg比例均降低;其中高疾病活动度组和中疾病活动度组比例均低于缓解组(P < 0.05);RA 患者外周血CXCR4+ Treg 细胞比例与血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平及28个关节疾病活动度评分(DAS28)呈负相关。②RA患者关节液Treg及CXCR4+ Treg比例较OA患者关节液增高。③RA患者关节液中Treg及CXCR4+ Treg细胞比例较外周血增高。④与健康对照相比,RA患者外周血CXCR4+ Treg迁移率增加。结论:类风湿关节炎患者外周血Treg、CXCR4+ Treg比例下降,并与病情活动度相关;炎症关节滑液中Treg及CXCR4+ Treg高于外周血及 OA患者。RA患者关节液增多的Treg细胞可能是由外周血通过CXCR4迁移而来。

    Abstract

    Objective:To study the expression of C -X - C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)on regulatory T cells(Tregs)in peripheral blood(PB)and synovial fluid(SF)of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and its correlation with clinical characteristics;so as to explore the pathogenesis of RA involving CXCR4 + Tregs. Methods:①The PB samples of 51 RA patients and 40 healthy volunteers were collected,and the knee SF samples of 10 patients with RA and 8 patients with osteoarthritis(OA)were collected by puncture of joint cavity. Then the ratio of CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Tregs and CXCR4+ Tregs in PB and SF was detected by flow cytometry. Clinical data of RA were collected,and the correlation analysis was made with Tregs and CXCR4 + Tregs ratio in PB. ②The peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of RA and healthy volunteers were separated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation method. CD4+ T cells were sorted by immunomagnetic positive selection kit and placed in the upper chamber of Transwell. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)was added to the lower chamber. After 24 hours,the cells of the lower chamber were collected,and the CD4 + CD25 + CD127- Tregs migrated to the lower chamber were detected by flow cytometry. Results:①Compared with healthy controls,the ratios of Tregs and CXCR4+ Tregs in PB of RA decreased,and the ratios in the high disease activity group and the middle disease activity group were lower than those in the remission group(P < 0.05). The ratio of CXCR4 + Tregs in PB of RA was negatively correlated with the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6)levels and DAS28 score. ②The ratios of Tregs and CXCR4+ Tregs in SF of RA were significantly higher than those in SF of OA. ③The ratios of Tregs and CXCR4+ Tregs in SF of RA were higher than those in PB. ④Compared with healthy controls,the mobility of Tregs in PB of RA increased significantly. Conclusion:The ratios of Tregs and CXCR4 + Tregs in PB of RA decreased,which are related to disease activity. Tregs and CXCR4 + Tregs in SF of joint inflammation are higher than those in PB and SF of OA. Tregs increased in SF of RA may be migrated from PB through CXCR4.

  • 类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种以多关节炎为主要表现的自身免疫性疾病,其特征是慢性滑膜炎症,随着疾病的进展,对关节组织造成破坏,导致关节畸形,影响日常活动[1-2]。调节性 T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)是一群高表达CD25分子的 CD4+ T 细胞,研究表明 CD127 在大多数 CD4+ CD25 + Treg 细胞上以低水平表达,CD4、CD25 和 CD127可以作为筛选高度纯化的Treg细胞群的表面标志[3-4]。既往研究显示,RA受累关节滑液中存在大量Treg聚集,Treg通过抑制自身反应性效应T细胞来控制自身免疫的发生和发展,其功能活性受损导致的免疫紊乱可能是RA的发病机制[5-6]。CXC趋化因子受体 4(C ⁃X ⁃C motif chemokine receptor 4, CXCR4)是趋化因子配体12(C⁃X⁃C motif chemokine ligand 12,CXCL12)的受体,Treg 表达 CXCR4,并在体外响应其配体迁移。研究表明 CXCR4/CXCL12 信号在调节 Treg 向组织迁移和维持外周 Treg 的稳态中起重要作用[7]。本研究拟探讨 CD4 + CD25 + CD127- Treg 及CXCR4+ Treg 在RA患者外周血及关节滑液中的比例变化,分析 Treg 细胞和 CXCR4 的水平与疾病活动度和炎性指标的关系,现总结报道如下。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • RA组51例,为2021年10月—2022年7月在江苏大学附属医院风湿免疫科住院的 RA 患者,其中,男 13 例、女 38 例,年龄(60.78±10.29)岁,病程 0.5~46年,中位病程10(2,17)年,均符合2010年美国风湿病学会/欧洲抗风湿病联盟(ACR/EULAR) 的RA 诊断标准[8]。骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)组 8例,为同期来本院就诊的原发性膝骨关节炎患者,其中,男3例,女5例,年龄(57.89±11.41)岁,均符合中国骨关节炎诊疗指南(2021年版)中的OA诊断标准[9]。健康对照(healthy control,HC)组40例,为同期本院健康体检者,其中,男 11 例,女 29 例,年龄 (56.53±10.86)岁,均无相关免疫性疾病和近期感染史。本研究经江苏大学附属医院伦理委员会审核批准(伦理审查号KY2022K1009),且所有研究对象进入研究前签署书面知情同意书。

  • 红细胞裂解液、荧光抗体试剂 CD4 ⁃ PerCP、 CD25 ⁃ APC 和 CD127 ⁃ PE(BD Pharmingen 公司,美国);CXCR4⁃FITC(Abcam公司,英国);淋巴细胞分离液(天津灏洋生物);EasySepTMCD4正选试剂盒及磁珠分选器(STEMCELL公司,加拿大);CXCL12蛋白(MedChemExpress 公司,美国);RPMI 1640 培养基、胎牛血清(Gibco 公司,美国);Transwell 趋化小室(北京兰杰柯);流式细胞仪 CANTO10C(BD Pharmingen公司,美国)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 患者资料收集和分组

  • 收集患者资料,包括临床资料:性别、年龄、病程、28关节疾病活动度评分(disease activity score in 28 joints,DAS28);实验室资料:血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C 反应蛋白(C ⁃ reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞介素⁃6(interleukin⁃6,IL⁃6)、类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽 (cyclic citrullinated peptide,CCP)抗体。按照DAS28 评分将 RA 患者分为缓解组(DAS28 <2.6)、低疾病活动度组(2.6≤DAS28≤3.2)、中疾病活动度组 (3.2 <DAS28≤5.1)和高疾病活动度组(DAS28 >5.1); 按照RF水平将RA患者分为RF阴性组(RF <20 U/mL) 和 RF 阳性组(RF≥20 U/mL),按照抗 CCP 抗体水平将 RA 患者分为抗 CCP 抗体阴性组(抗 CCP 抗体 <5 U/mL)、5 U/mL≤抗 CCP 抗体 <200 U/mL 组和抗CCP抗体≥200 U/mL组。

  • 1.2.2 外周血CXCR4+ Treg的检测

  • 用肝素抗凝负压采血管分别抽取 RA 组及 HC 组静脉外周血,取80 μL全血加入流式上样管,分别加入5 μL CD4抗体、20 μL CD25抗体、5 μL CD127 抗体及2 μL CXCR4一抗混匀,并于4℃、避光条件下孵育30 min;加入1 mL 红细胞裂解液混合均匀,常温避光放置 10 min,1 500 r/min 离心 5 min,弃上清,随后PBS缓冲液洗涤1次,加入100 μL Buffer 缓冲液重悬细胞;加入 0.5 μL CXCR4 二抗混匀,4℃ 避光孵育 20 min;PBS 缓冲液洗涤 2 次,200 μL Buffer 缓冲液重悬并上机检测,每个样本收集 5 000~10 000 个细胞,采用 FlowJo10.0 分析检测数据,记录 CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg 及 CXCR4+ Treg 的百分比。

  • 1.2.3 关节滑液CXCR4+ Treg的检测

  • 采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离关节液单个核细胞(synovial fluid mononuclear cell,SFMC)。具体方法如下:关节穿刺术抽取 RA 和 OA 组膝关节腔积液5~10 mL,1 500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清,加入 1~2 mL PBS重悬,缓慢加至4 mL淋巴细胞分离液上层,2 500 r/min离心20 min,吸取中间白膜层单个核细胞,PBS 洗涤 2 次(1 500 r/min 离心 5 min),Buffer 缓冲液重悬细胞,调节SFMC浓度为1×107 个/mL,随后按上述步骤标记细胞表面 CD4、CD25、CD127 及 CXCR4分子,并上机检测CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg及 CXCR4+ Treg的比例。

  • 1.2.4 磁珠分选

  • 采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离RA患者和健康人外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC),按EasySepTM说明书使用CD4免疫磁珠正选试剂盒分选CD4+ T细胞,流式检测CD4+ T细胞纯度大于95%,用于后续实验。

  • 1.2.5 Treg迁移测定

  • 使用 CXCL12 作为趋化介质,对纯化的外周血 CD4+ T 细胞进行迁移测定。用含有 10%胎牛血清 (FBS)的RPMI 1640重悬CD4+ T细胞,将含2×105 个 CD4+ T细胞的100 μL细胞悬液置于Transwell上室,下室加入 600 μL 含 0.1 μg/mL CXCL12 的 RPMI 1640+10% FBS培养液,在37℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中孵育 24 h 后收集下室细胞,用 CD4、CD25 和 CD127抗体染色,并通过流式细胞术检测迁移到下室的 Treg 细胞数。流式细胞术检测纯化的外周血CD4+ T细胞中CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg的比例,计算 Treg细胞迁移率:迁移率(%)=迁移到下室的Treg的细胞数/(加入上室的 CD4 + T 细胞中 CD4 + CD25 + CD127-Treg的比例×2×105)。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用 SPSS 25.0 统计学软件分析数据,计量资料满足正态分布时以均数±标准差(x-± s)表示,两组间比较采用独立样本 t 检验或配对 t 检验;不符合正态分布时以中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)] 表示,两组间比较采用非参数秩和检验。多组间比较,符合正态分布时采用 F 检验、组间两两比较采用 SNK⁃q 检验,不符合正态分布或方差不齐时采用 Kruskal⁃Walls H 检验、组间两两比较采用 Mann⁃Whitney U检验;相关性分析正态分布资料采用Pearson相关,不符合正态分布的资料用Spearman 等级相关,P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 一般临床资料

  • 共纳入RA患者51例,其中,女38例,男13例,年龄(60.78 ± 10.29)岁,病程 0.5~46 年,中位病程 10(2,17)年。OA患者8例,其中,男3例,女5例,平均年龄(57.89 ± 11.41)岁。HC组40例,其中,男 11 例,女 29 例,平均年龄(56.53±10.86)岁,RA 组与 HC 组年龄及性别分布无统计学差异(P >0.05,表1)。

  • 表1 RA患者临床资料

  • Table1 Clinical characteristic of RA patients

  • 2.2 RA患者外周血CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Treg及CXCR4+ Treg比例

  • RA 患者外周血中 CD4 + CD25 + CD127- Treg 占 CD4 + T 细胞比例为(3.79 ± 1.72)%,低于 HC 组(6.16 ± 1.31)%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001); RA 组外周血表达 CXCR4+ Treg 占 Treg 细胞比例为(4.08±1.26)%,低于HC组(7.54±1.67)%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001,图1)。

  • A:HC组和RA组外周血CXCR4+ Treg比例的代表性流式结果;B:HC组(n=40)和RA组(n=51)外周血Treg和CXCR4+ Treg的比例。两组比较,***P <0.001。

  • 图1 RA患者与HC组外周血Treg及CXCR4+ Treg的比例

  • Figure1 The ratio of Treg and CXCR4+ Treg in peripheral blood between RA and healthy control

  • 2.3 不同疾病活动度RA患者外周血Treg及CXCR4 + Treg比例

  • 将 RA 患者根据 DAS28 评分分为缓解、低疾病活动度、中疾病活动度和高疾病活动度4组,比较不同疾病活动度患者外周血中Treg比例有无差异,结果显示RA高疾病活动度组外周血Treg比例低于缓解组[(3.01±1.72)% vs.(5.25±2.28)%,P <0.05)],其他组别之间比较无明显差异(图2A)。随后比较 4 组患者外周血中 CXCR4+ Treg 比例有无差异,结果显示高疾病活动度组外周血CXCR4+ Treg比例显著低于缓解组[(3.15±0.96)% vs.(5.45±0.77)%, P <0.001]和低疾病活动度组[(3.15±0.96)% vs. (5.39±1.21)%,P <0.001]。此外,中疾病活动度组 CXCR4 + Treg 比例低于缓解组[(4.17±0.91)% vs. (5.45±0.77)%,P <0.05),其他组别之间比较无明显差异(图2D)。

  • 将RA患者分成RF阳性、RF阴性、抗CCP抗体阴性、5≤抗 CCP 抗体 <200、抗 CCP 抗体≥200 组进行外周血检测,结果显示各组间 RA 患者外周血 Treg以及CXCR4+ Treg比例均无明显差异(图2B、C、 E、F)。

  • 相关性分析结果显示RA患者外周血Treg比例以及CXCR4+ Treg比例与DAS28评分、CRP、ESR及 IL⁃6水平呈负相关,与病程无明显相关性(图3、4)。

  • 2.4 RA 患者关节滑液 CD4 + CD25 + CD127- Treg 及 CXCR4+ Treg比例

  • RA 患者关节液中 CD4+ CD25 + CD127- Treg 占 CD4 + T 细胞比例高于 OA 患者[(11.09±1.54)% vs. (6.22±1.11)%P <0.001,图5],RA 患者关节液中 CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg占CD4+ T细胞比例高于OA患者[(11.09±1.54)% vs.(3.31±1.20)%P <0.001,图6]。

  • RA 患者关节液中 CXCR4 + Treg 比例(12.93 ± 2.65)%较 RA 患者外周血(4.29±1.07)%及 OA 患者关节液(6.18±0.98)%均显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001,图5、6)。

  • 2.5 RA患者外周血Treg的迁移能力

  • 磁珠正选外周血 CD4+ T 淋巴细胞后即刻进行流式细胞术检测其纯度,结果显示,纯度达99.55% (图7A)。Transwell 小室实验结果显示,RA 患者外周血 Treg 细胞迁移率显著高于 HC 组外周血 Treg细胞迁移率[(31.26±8.30)% vs.(16.84±5.25)%P <0.001,图7B、C]。

  • A:缓解组(n=6)、低疾病活动度组(n=5)、中疾病活动度组(n=22)和高疾病活动度组(n=18)患者外周血中Treg比例;B:RF阳性组(n=18)、 RF阴性组(n=33)患者外周血中Treg的比例;C:抗CCP抗体阴性(n=13)、5~<200 U/mL(n=15)、≥200 U/mL(n=23)患者外周血中Treg的比例; D:缓解组(n=6)、低疾病活动度组(n=5)、中疾病活动度组(n=22)和高疾病活动度组(n=18)患者外周血中 CXCR4+ Treg 比例;E:RF 阳性组 (n=18)、RF阴性组(n=33)患者外周血中CXCR4+ Treg的比例;F:抗CCP抗体阴性(n=13)、5~<200 U/mL(n=15)、≥200 U/mL组(n=23)患者外周血中CXCR4+ Treg的比例。多组均数间两两比较,* P <0.05,**P <0.01,***P <0.001。

  • 图2 不同组别RA患者外周血中Treg比例及CXCR4+ Treg比例的比较

  • Figure2 The comparison of Treg and CXCR4+ Treg in peripheral blood of different groups of RA

  • A:Treg比例与CRP水平呈负相关;B:Treg比例与IL⁃6的水平呈负相关;C:Treg比例与ESR水平呈负相关;D:Treg比例与DAS28评分水平呈负相关;E:Treg比例与病程无明显相关性。

  • 图3 RA患者外周血中Treg比例与临床指标的相关性分析

  • Figure3 Correlation analysis between Treg ratio in peripheral blood of RA and clinical indexes

  • 3 讨论

  • RA 是以关节滑膜炎为特征的慢性自身免疫性疾病,多种免疫细胞参与了RA的发生和发展[10-11],目前认为炎性细胞聚集在 RA 受累滑膜组织,产生大量炎性细胞因子及细胞因子受体,导致滑膜增生和软骨破坏[12-13]。Treg 细胞又称调节性 T 细胞,大量研究表明,Treg细胞在控制自身免疫反应及维持免疫耐受方面起着关键作用[14-15],在系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)及干燥综合征 (Sjogren’s syndrome,SS)患者中均发现有 Treg 细胞的数量及功能的异常,导致机体免疫耐受下降,导致自身免疫反应[16-17]。既往有研究显示,RA 患者外周血中 Treg 减少[18-19],受累关节滑液中 Treg 增加[20],但也有部分研究发现 RA 患者外周血 Treg 比例较健康对照外周血无明显差异[21-22],可能与标记的Treg细胞表面分子不同有关,也可能与研究所纳入的RA患者治疗方案和疾病活动度不同有关。在本研究中,RA患者外周血CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg细胞比例明显低于健康对照组,且高疾病活动度组低于缓解组,Treg细胞比例与疾病活动指标DAS28评分、CRP、ESR及IL⁃6水平呈负相关,提示RA患者免疫耐受亦存在缺陷,RA 患者外周血 Treg 细胞比例降低,导致其免疫抑制缺陷,减少对促炎细胞因子的抑制,从而引起关节炎症[23],Treg异常参与了RA 的发病机制。课题组进一步研究发现RA患者关节滑液中 CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg 细胞比例明显高于 OA 患者关节滑液,提示炎症关节大量 Treg 聚集。研究显示关节炎症环境中的Treg细胞可在IL⁃6、白细胞介素⁃1β(interleukin⁃1β,IL⁃1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor⁃α,TNF⁃α)等因子的驱动下转化为产生促炎因子的辅助性T细胞17(T helper cell17,Th17)[24],因此,Treg 表达失衡可能参与了 RA的发病机制。

  • A:CXCR4+ Treg 比例与 CRP 水平呈负相关;B:CXCR4+ Treg 比例与 IL⁃6 水平呈负相关;C:CXCR4+ Treg 比例与 ESR 水平呈负相关; D:CXCR4+ Treg比例与DAS28评分呈负相关;E:CXCR4+ Treg比例与病程无明显相关性。

  • 图4 RA患者外周血中CXCR4+ Treg比例与临床指标的相关性分析

  • Figure4 Correlation analysis between CXCR4+ Treg ratio in peripheral blood of RA and clinical indexes

  • A:OA和RA患者关节液CXCR4+ Treg比例的代表性流式图;B:OA组(n=8)和RA组(n=10)关节液Treg和CXCR4+ Treg的比例。两组比较, ***P <0.001。

  • 图5 RA、OA患者关节滑液Treg及CXCR4+ Treg比例的比较

  • Figure5 The ratio of Treg and CXCR4+ Treg in synovial fluid of RA and OA

  • A:RA患者外周血和关节液Treg的比例;B:RA患者外周血和关节液CXCR4+ Treg的比例。两组比较,***P <0.001,n=10。

  • 图6 RA患者外周血与关节液Treg及CXCR4+ Treg的比较

  • Figure6 The comparison of Treg and CXCR4+ Treg in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of RA

  • A:磁珠正选外周血CD4+ T淋巴细胞后进行流式细胞术检测其纯度达99.55%;B:外周血CD4+ T细胞进行Transwell试验,流式细胞术检测迁移到下室的CD4+ T细胞中CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg的比例和细胞数的代表性流式结果图;C:RA组(n=15)和HC组(n=10)外周血Treg细胞迁移率的比较。两组比较,***P <0.001。

  • 图7 RA患者与HC组外周血Treg迁移率的比较

  • Figure7 The comparison of Treg migration rate in peripheral blood between RA and healthy controls

  • 为进一步研究RA患者关节液中Treg表达增高的机制,还检测了同一个 RA 患者关节液与外周血,结果发现关节液中 Treg 的比例明显高于外周血,因此推测关节液中 Treg 可能由外周血迁移而来。CXCL12 是由骨髓基质细胞分泌的趋化因子, CXCR4 是其受体,研究表明 CXCL12/CXCR4 轴可以介导细胞的定向迁移,Treg细胞在不同自身免疫病的炎症组织中的积聚可能与CXCR4表达上调有关[1325-26]。有研究发现RA患者关节液中CXCL12表达显著高于外周血[1127],但RA患者炎症关节滑液中 Treg 细胞 CXCR4 表达情况的研究较少。Jiao 等[25] 发现RA患者和健康对照组间外周血Treg上CXCR4 的表达没有明显差异,但关节液中 Treg 细胞上 CXCR4的表达显著增加,与本研究结果相似。本研究中,RA患者关节液中的Treg细胞CXCR4表达水平明显高于 RA 患者外周血及 OA 患者关节滑液。鉴于 CXCR4 可以介导 CD4+ T 细胞募集到 RA 的关节滑膜中[26],本文推测 RA 患者关节液中 CXCR4 +Treg细胞的增加可能是由于这些细胞从外周血迁移到炎症关节中,外周血中Treg细胞上CXCR4低表达可能是迁移后的结果。为了验证以上推测,进一步使用Transwell迁移试验研究RA患者外周血的Treg 细胞对CXCL12的迁移反应。由于RA患者外周血 Treg细胞比例低于正常对照组,在Transwell体系中上室 CD4+ T 细胞数相同的情况下 Treg 细胞数是减少的,迁移到下室的CXCR4+ Treg细胞很可能减少,因此用下室 CXCR4 + Treg 细胞数来判断 RA 患者 Treg细胞对CXCL12的迁移能力可能存在误判。本研究采用迁移到下室的 Treg 细胞占上室 Treg 细胞的比例作为评估RA 患者Treg 细胞对CXCL12的迁移能力。

  • 本研究还发现,与健康对照相比,RA患者Treg 迁移率显著增加,表明 RA 患者外周血 Treg 迁移能力增强,RA患者关节液中CXCR4+ Treg细胞的增加很可能是由外周血迁移而来。将进一步研究RA患者关节液中 Treg 细胞的迁移能力,由此深入探讨 RA患者Treg在关节和外周血中的迁移机制。

  • 综上所述,类风湿关节炎患者外周血Treg细胞减少导致其负调控作用减弱,促进了疾病的发生和发展,而RA患者关节滑液中Treg及CXCR4+ Treg增加,可能是由于外周血中的 Treg 迁移到炎症关节中,关节液中 Treg 细胞聚集,对控制关节炎症发挥了一定作用,Treg 靶向疗法可能是控制 RA 疾病发展的新的治疗策略。

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  • 参考文献

    • [1] MAEDA K,YOSHIDA K,NISHIZAWA T,et al.Inflam⁃ mation and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis:mo⁃ lecular mechanisms of joint destruction and pharmacologi⁃ cal treatments[J].Int J Mol Sci,2022,23(5):2871

    • [2] KOMATSU N,TAKAYANAGI H.Mechanisms of joint de⁃ struction in rheumatoid arthritis ⁃immune cell ⁃fibroblast ⁃ bone interactions[J].Nat Rev Rheumatol,2022,18(7):415-429

    • [3] GIGANTI G,ATIF M,MOHSENI Y,et al.Treg cell thera⁃ py:how cell heterogeneity can make the difference[J].Eur J Immunol,2021,51(1):39-55

    • [4] JIANG Q,YANG G C,LIU Q,et al.Function and role of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis[J].Front Immu⁃ nol,2021,12:626193

    • [5] ROSSETTI M,SPREAFICO R,CONSOLARO A,et al.TCR repertoire sequencing identifies synovial Treg cell clonotypes in the bloodstream during active inflammation in human arthritis[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2017,76(2):435-441

    • [6] ZHANG R,MIAO J,ZHANG K,et al.Th1⁃like treg cells are increased but deficient in function in rheumatoid ar⁃ thritis[J].Front Immunol,2022,13:863753

    • [7] WANG Y,DEMBOWSKY K,CHEVALIER E,et al.C⁃X⁃ C motif chemokine receptor 4 blockade promotes tissue repair after myocardial infarction by enhancing regulatory T cell mobilization and immune ⁃ regulatory function[J].Circulation,2019,139(15):1798-1812

    • [8] ALETAHA D,NEOGI T,SILMAN A J,et al.2010 rheu⁃ matoid arthritis classification criteria:an American Col⁃ lege of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheuma⁃ tism collaborative initiative[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(9):1580-1588

    • [9] 中华医学会骨科学分会关节外科学组,中国医师协会骨科医师分会骨关节炎学组,国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心(湘雅医院),等.中国骨关节炎诊疗指南(2021 年版)[J].中华骨科杂志,2021,41(18):1291-1314

    • [10] WEYAND C M,GORONZY J J.The immunology of rheu⁃ matoid arthritis[J].Nat Immunol,2021,22(1):10-18

    • [11] GUO X,XU T,ZHENG J,et al.Accumulation of synovial fluid CD19 + CD24hiCD27 + B cells was associated with bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis[J].Sci Rep,2020,10(1):14386

    • [12] CHEN Z,BOZEC A,RAMMING A,et al.Anti⁃inflamma⁃ tory and immune ⁃ regulatory cytokines in rheumatoid ar⁃ thritis[J].Nat Rev Rheumatol,2019,15(1):9-17

    • [13] MASSALSKA M,RADZIKOWSKA A,KUCA⁃WARNAW⁃ IN E,et al.CD4 + FOXP3 + T cells in rheumatoid arthritis bone marrow are partially impaired[J].Cells,2020,9(3):549

    • [14] YAN S F,GOLUMBA⁃NAGY V,KOTSCHENREUTHER K,et al.Membrane⁃bound IL⁃6R is upregulated on Th17 cells and inhibits Treg cell migration by regulating post ⁃ translational modification of VASP in autoimmune arthri⁃ tis[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2021,79(1):3

    • [15] 宋洁,王涛,程晨,等.达格列净治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效以及对调节性T细胞的影响[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2022,42(10):1409-1414

    • [16] WANG D D,HUANG S S,YUAN X R,et al.The regula⁃ tion of the Treg/Th17 balance by mesenchymal stem cells in human systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Cell Mol Im⁃ munol,2017,14(5):423-431

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