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通讯作者:

李明辉,E-mail:lmh0221@163.com

中图分类号:R654.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2024)02-205-05

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNSN230779

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参考文献 2
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参考文献 3
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参考文献 4
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参考文献 6
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参考文献 7
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参考文献 8
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 12
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参考文献 13
OHIRA S,GREGORY V,GOLDBERG J B,et al.Zone 2 arch repair for acute type A dissection:evolution from arch⁃first to proximal⁃first repair[J].JTCVS Tech,2023,8(21):7-17
参考文献 14
ZINDOVIC I,GUDBJARTSSON T,AHLSSON A,et al.Malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection:an update from the nordic consortium for acute type A aortic dissec⁃ tion[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,157(4):1324-1333
参考文献 15
SMEDBERG C,HULTGREN R,DELLE M,et al.Tempo⁃ ral and morphological patterns predict outcome of endo⁃ vascular repair in acute complicated type B aortic dissec⁃ tion[J].Eur J VascEndovasc Surg,2018,56(3):349-355
参考文献 16
CZERNY M,EGGEBRECHT H,ROUSSEAU H,et al.Distal stent graft⁃induced new entry after TEVAR or FET:insights into a new disease from EuREC[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2020,110(5):1494-1500
参考文献 17
DONG Z,FU W,WANG Y,et al.Stent graft⁃induced new entry after endovascular repair for Stanford type B aortic dissection[J].J Vasc Surg,2010,52(6):1450-1457
参考文献 18
HUANG C Y,HSU H L,CHEN P,et al.The impact of dis⁃ tal stent graft ⁃induced new entry on aortic remodeling of chronic type B dissection[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2017,105(3):785-793
参考文献 19
WANG R,KAN Y,YANG M,et al.Clinical results and aortic remodeling after endovascular treatment for compli⁃ cated type B aortic dissection with the“Fabulous”stent system[J].Front Cardiovasc Med,2022,9:817675
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层(type A aortic dissection,TAAD)术后主动脉远端扩张及支架所致的新发破口 (stent induced new entry,SINE)的患者采取胸主动脉腔内血管修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)治疗的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2018年1月—2023年3月连续收治的27例TAAD术后支架象鼻远端再次TEVAR治疗的患者,统计分析27例患者孙氏手术(主动脉全弓替换+降主动脉术中支架置入术)术中资料,孙氏手术后早期随访结果、TEVAR术中资料以及术后随访结果。结果:TEVAR术后随访率92.3%,随访时间为(35±21)个月。远期死亡2 例,病死率7.4%,无主动脉相关死亡病例。TEVAR术后均未出现支架内漏、移位、下肢截瘫、新发透析(TEVAR术后新发肾功能不全)、肠缺血或坏死等后遗症。在随访的病例中,成功收集术前及术后复查胸腹部大血管计算机断层扫描血管造影(com- puted tomographic angiography,CTA)25例(92.3%),术后6个月复查CTA提示支架象鼻远端破口均覆盖完全,胸主动脉覆膜支架远端真腔打开程度均满意,内脏区及下肢血管通畅程度为100%,术后1年随访患者19例,其中胸主动脉覆膜支架周围段完全血栓化13例(68.4%),部分血栓化6例(31.6%),真腔有效打开,支架覆盖区域真腔明显增大,假腔缩小。结论:急性A型主动脉夹层术后主动脉远端TEVAR治疗效果显著,无明显不良事件发生,是值得推广的手术方案。

    Abstract

    Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)in patients with stent induced new entry(SINE)in the distal aortic dilation following surgical repair of type A aortic dissection(TAAD). Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 27 consecutive patients who underwent TEVAR for stent graft-induced distal aortic dilation in Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital from January 2018 to March 2023. The intraoperative data of 27 patients with Sun’s surgery(total aortic arch replacement plus stented elephant trunk implantation),early postoperative follow-up results of Sun’s surgery, intraoperative data of 27 patients with TEVAR and postoperative follow-up results were statistically analyzed. Results:The follow-up rate after TEVAR was 92.3%,with a mean follow-up time of(35±21)months. There were two cases of long-term mortality,resulting in a mortality rate of 7.4%,with no deaths related to aortic complications. No stent graft leak,displacement,paraplegia,new-onset dialysis (post-TEVAR new-onset renal dysfunction),intestinal ischemia,or necrosis was observed after TEVAR. Among the follow-up cases, preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic angiography(CTA)of the thoracoabdominal vessels were successfully obtained in 25 cases(92.3%). At 6 months postoperatively,CTA revealed that the rupture was completely covered,the distal true cavity opening of the thoracic aorta was satisfactory,and the vascular patency of the internal organs and lower limbs was 100% . 19 patients were followed up 1 year after surgery. Among them,there were 13 cases(68.4%)of complete thrombolysis and 6 cases(31.6%)of partial thrombolysis,the true lumen was effectively opened,the true lumen of the stent covered area was significantly enlarged,and the false lumen was reduced. Conclusion:TEVAR treatment of distal aorta after acute type A aortic dissection is effective without significant adverse events,making it a recommended surgical approach .

  • 急性 A 型主动脉夹层(type A aortic dissection, TAAD)是严重危害患者生命、病死率极高的心血管疾病,早期诊断和及时的外科手术干预是降低病死率的最有效手段[1]。2003年开始广泛开展的孙氏手术即主动脉全弓替换加降主动脉术中支架象鼻术,通过扩大对病变血管的处理范围可以对全主动脉弓及其远端的假腔或破口进行干预[2-3]。然而,研究显示7%~26%患者会出现夹层假腔扩大,甚至新发破口等主动脉重塑不良的情况[4],部分未正规随访的患者需要行二期胸腹主动脉置换术,手术创伤巨大,病死率极高。研究显示主动脉远端病变是孙氏术后患者死亡的主要原因之一[5-8],因此,这样的患者需要尽早二次手术干预。本中心采取的方案是早期随访,对于主动脉远端有明显夹层动脉瘤假腔扩大或支架所致的新发破口(stent induced new entry, SINE)的患者采取胸主动脉腔内血管修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)治疗。目前对于 TAAD术后支架象鼻远端假腔扩张或损伤及新发破口的处理的研究比较少,本研究对此进行了总结和探讨。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 选取2018年1月—2023年3月南京医科大学第一附属医院连续收治的27例TAAD术后支架象鼻远端TEVAR治疗的患者。通过询问病史,并结合术后随访胸腹部计算机断层扫描血管造影(computed tomo⁃ graphic angiography,CTA)的检查结果来确定再次 TEVAR的手术指征。象鼻支架远端扩张的诊断标准为:支架远端夹层假腔明显增粗,直径≥5.5 cm或支架远端夹层假腔每年扩张超过1 cm。SINE诊断标准为:与象鼻支架相关的支架远端新发破口。排除术前即存在降主动脉明显扩张或降主动脉穿透性溃疡形成的患者。通过数字化病案管理系统查阅患者的临床资料并准确录入。本研究获得医院伦理委员会批准(2021⁃SR⁃381),患者均知情同意。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 标准的孙氏手术由两部分组成,即主动脉全弓置换术加上植入特殊设计的支架象鼻人工血管(上海微创术中支架)。孙氏手术后TEVAR的具体手术方法如下:常规局部麻醉(部分不能配合的患者进行全身麻醉),经股动脉预置缝合器,5F单弯导管配合0.035软导丝超选支架象鼻远端,交换呈5F猪尾导管,造影,测量支架象鼻远端扩张的胸主动脉尺寸、破口与支架象鼻远端的距离,选择合适尺寸胸主动脉覆膜支架系统,交换呈超硬导丝,送入胸主动脉覆膜支架,与原支架象鼻重叠2~3节后释放,支架远端定位于腹腔干动脉上方2~5 cm处。退出输送系统,再次送入5F猪尾导管,造影确认象鼻支架远端破口完全隔绝无内漏。

  • TEVAR术后1、3、6个月及1、2、3、4、5年定期复查胸加全腹部 CTA,对出院的患者定期电话随访,明确患者生存情况,有无合并症,有无再次手术等情况。在征得患者同意后收集患者术后复查 CTA 影像学资料,复查TEVAR术后覆膜支架是否出现内漏或移位,远端夹层真假腔直径变化情况,假腔血栓化情况,内脏区血供情况。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 使用SPSS 27.0进行统计学分析。服从正态分布的计量资料使用均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,其他计量资料使用中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示。计数资料以频数及百分比表示。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 临床资料情况

  • 27 例患者均成功接受急诊孙氏手术,其中,男 25 例(92.6%),女 2 例(7.4%),年龄(46.8±12.9)岁,体重指数(body mass index,BMI)(25.3±3.5)kg/m2,有高血压病史患者24例(88.9%),有吸烟史患者15例 (55.6%),有饮酒史患者10例(37.0%),有冠心病病史患者2例(7.4%)。术中探查发现内膜原发破口位于升主动脉患者18例(66.7%),位于主动脉弓部7例 (25.9%),位于降主动脉 2 例(7.4%)。术前 CTA 结果显示主动脉夹层累及升主动脉和主动脉弓 4 例 (14.8%),累及升主动脉、主动脉弓及降主动脉23例 (85.2%)。术中所有患者的病灶都完全切除或隔离,术中象鼻支架均成功植入真腔。象鼻支架的尺寸选择为:直径 24~28 mm,长度 100~120 mm,20 例(74.1%)患者术中植入长度为 100 mm 支架。部分患者术前合并器官灌注不良,其中肠缺血 3 例 (11.1%),下肢缺血 4 例(14.8%),脑缺血 1 例 (3.7%),冠脉缺血1例(3.7%)。

  • 2.2 孙氏手术术后早期随访情况

  • 全组患者术后 30 d 病死率为 0,合并症发生率 37%,其中 6 例患者术后早期出现肾功能不全 (22.2%),2例患者出现消化道出血(7.4%),1例患者发生脑血管意外(3.7%),1 例患者发生冠脉事件 (3.7%)。值得注意的是27例患者在二次行TEVAR 治疗之前均未出现截瘫并发症。

  • 2.3 TEVAR术中资料

  • 27 例TEVAR患者距离第一次孙氏手术时间为 (8.5±4.3)个月,需要二次手术干预的原因:其中术中支架远端假腔明显扩张患者24例(88.9%),术中支架远端SINE 3例(11.1%)。24例(88.9%)患者采用胸主动脉长段覆盖的方式,远端定位于腹腔干动脉上方 2~5 cm。25 例(92.6%)局部麻醉,2 例全身麻醉(7.4%)。11 例(40.7%)患者支架远端应用限制性 Cuff。胸主动脉覆膜支架总长度为(187.1 ± 21.6)mm。支架远端放大比例(27.2± 22.3)%,支架近端放大比例(2.63 ± 10.13)%。

  • 使用1个支架15例(55.6%),使用2个支架12例 (44.4%)。27例均使用Lifetech Ankura支架。

  • 2.4 TEVAR术后随访情况

  • 本研究通过电话随访的方式对27例存活出院患者进行随访,其中失访 2 例,随访率 92.3%,随访时间为(35 ± 21)个月。远期死亡 2 例,病死率 7.4%。其中1例于术后第2年死于脑血管意外,1例患者于术后第 3 年死于慢性肾功能不全相关并发症,无主动脉相关死亡病例。TEVAR术后均未出现支架内漏、移位、下肢截瘫、新发透析(TEVAR术后新发肾功能不全)、肠缺血或坏死等后遗症,在随访的病例中,成功收集术前及术后复查 CTA 25 例 (92.3%),术后6个月复查CTA提示支架象鼻远端破口均覆盖完全,胸主动脉覆膜支架远端真腔打开程度均满意,内脏区及下肢血管通畅程度100%,术后 1年随访患者19例,其中胸主动脉覆膜支架周围段完全血栓化 13 例(68.4%),部分血栓化 6 例 (31.6%),真腔有效打开,支架覆盖区域真腔明显增大,假腔缩小(图1)。

  • 3 讨论

  • 孙氏手术可明显降低TAAD患者早期死亡率,但是开放手术后 65%以上患者远端主动脉仍有残余夹层。术中支架远端假腔持续灌注导致的残余夹层进行性扩张和破裂以及术中支架远端SINE是一期手术成功后患者死亡的主要原因之一。当然还包括卒中、截瘫、心肌梗死等中远期不良事件的发生。TAAD 术后远端主动脉假腔持续灌注,血流通过破口冲击主动脉壁使局部压力增大,形成瘤样扩张,或假腔未完全血栓化,从而导致远端主动脉重塑不佳,目前大多数学者认为A型术后残余夹层段主动脉直径>5.5 cm,或直径增长率>10 mm/年,马凡综合征患者主动脉直径>4.5 cm,或直径增长率>5 mm/年被认为是需要二次手术干预的指征[9-12]

  • 图1 患者TEVAR手术前后CTA断层及三维重建图对比

  • Figure1 Comparison of pre⁃ and post⁃ TEVAR CTA cross⁃sections and three⁃dimensional reconstruction in the patient

  • TAAD二次手术创伤大、技术难度大、死亡率和并发症等问题在各大中心均存在。Ohira等[13] 报道 305例TAAD开放手术后二次手术的患者,围手术期病死率8.2%,不良事件如肾功能衰竭发生率15%,脑梗塞4.6%,心肌梗死1.3%。杜克大学医学中心近年 129 台 TAAD 二次手术研究显示,围术期死亡率 7%,卒中5.4%,急性肾损伤6.2%[14]。可见即使随着外科技术、麻醉及体外循环技术的不断发展,TAAD 二次手术后重要脏器功能并发症的发生率仍处于较高水平。因此腔内修复治疗的重要性愈发明显。Smedberg等[15] 认为二次手术时,腔内治疗相较于传统手术更能在术后早期及时介入,并且更加微创。由于术后中远期主动脉壁纤维化,其重塑能力下降,研究显示早期二次干预有助于主动脉重塑,能有效防止术后假腔扩张,及时封闭SINE,显著改善患者预后。

  • 研究显示,远端主动脉重塑不佳的危险因素包括高血压、男性、结缔组织遗传病等。在术后应该积极随访筛查并控制部分危险因素,告知患者严格控制血压,使用β受体阻滞剂等[16],对于有结缔组织遗传病,如马凡综合征等高危因素的患者应保持密切的随访。对于 SINE 发生的可能机制,Dong 等[17] 首先做了报道,认为主动脉真腔的顺应性、支架的应力性质及回弹趋势是导致 SINE 的重要原因。 Huang 等[18] 研究发现,支架移植物远端的放大率 (distal oversize rate,DOR)过高、置入支架移植物的长度较短是导致主动脉夹层腔内修复后SINE的风险因素。目前,多种治疗方式被用以降低主动脉夹层患者术后 SINE 的发生风险。其中锥形支架的应用能够在一定程度上改善真腔顺应性。另外,限制性支架的采用及预置延伸促全面贴合技术(provisional extension to induce complete attach⁃ ment technique,PETTICOAT)被证明能够明显降低 SINE的发生[19]

  • 尽管目前针对远端主动脉重塑不良及SINE,各中心采取了多种预防措施,但这类并发症仍时有发生。本研究显示,采取TEVAR方式治疗TAAD术后远端主动脉重塑不良及SINE的方案安全有效。本中心的方案为应用锥形支架;对于大部分患者采取长段覆盖,即支架末端锚定于腹腔干动脉上方2~5 cm 处;必要时远端应用限制性胸主动脉覆膜Cuff。希望最大程度改善远端主动脉重塑,消灭假腔破口,促进假腔血栓化。术中,在释放完支架后会即刻激素冲击:静脉推注80 mg甲强龙,预防脊髓水肿的发生。尽管长段覆盖理论上会增加患者截瘫的发生率,根据目前的随访结果,尚未发现 TEVAR 术后截瘫的发生,TAAD 术中,对于破口明确位于升主动脉或弓部的患者,多选择 100~120 mm术中象鼻支架,避免使用长象鼻支架,保留部分肋间动脉血供;术后维持较高平均动脉压(>85 mmHg)以保证充足的脊髓灌注;另外,TAAD术后会密切随访患者的远端主动脉情况,根据随访CTA结果保证患者安全的前提下,尽量等胸主动脉侧枝循环建立后再次行TEVAR治疗。

  • 综上所述,TAAD 术后远端主动脉重塑不良及 SINE 需要积极治疗,根据本中心目前 27 例患者随访结果,TAAD 术后远端 TEVAR 治疗效果显著,不良事件发生率较低,是值得推广的手术方案。当然,目前的数据来源于一家医疗中心的回顾性研究,未来有望纳入多中心临床数据,甚至开展多中心随机对照研究,以期获得更高质量的循证医学依据来支持本研究的结论。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] KAJI S.Acute medical management of aortic dissection [J].Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,67(2):203-207

    • [2] 孙立忠,刘志刚.主动脉弓替换加支架“象鼻”手术治疗 stanford A 型夹层[J].中华外科杂志,2004,42(13):812-814

    • [3] SUN L,QI R,ZHU J,et al.Total arch replacement com⁃ bined with stented elephant trunk implantation:anew “standard”therapy for type A dissection involving repair of the aortic arch?[J].Circulation,2011,123(9):971-978

    • [4] MOUSAVIZADEH M,DALIRI M,ALJADAYEL H A,et al.Hypothermic circulatory arrest time affects neurologi⁃ cal outcomes of frozen elephant trunk for acute type A aor⁃ tic dissection:a systematic review and meta ⁃analysis[J].J Card Surg,2021,36(9):3337-3351

    • [5] LANSMAN S L,GOLDBERG J B,KAI M,et al.Extended arch procedures for acute type A aortic dissection:adown⁃ stream problem?[J].Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,31(1):17-20

    • [6] SUZUKIS T,ASAI T,KINOSHITA T.Predictors for late reoperation after surgical repair of acute type A aortic dis⁃ section[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2018,106(1):63-69

    • [7] LIU Y,LI L,XIAO Z,et al.Early endovascular interven⁃ tion for unfavorable remodeling of the thoracic aorta after open surgery for acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection:study protocol for a multicenter,randomized,controlled trial[J].Trials,2023,24(1):496-501

    • [8] 张嘉伟,梅峻豪,刘婷婷,等.壁面剪切力在动脉夹层形成中的作用与机制研究进展[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2023,43(11):1589-1595

    • [9] ASSI R,BAVARIA J E,DESAI N D,et al.Techniques and outcomes of secondary open repair for chronic dissec⁃ tion after acute repair of type A aortic dissection[J].Car⁃ diovasc Surg(Torino),2018,59(6):759-766

    • [10] NAPPI F,AVTAAR S S,GAMBARDELLA I,et al.Surgi⁃ cal strategy for the repair of acute type A aorticdissection:a multicenter study[J].J Cardiovasc Dev Dis,2023,10(6):253-255

    • [11] UCHINO G,YOSHIDA T,KAKII B,et al.Resternotomy plus left thoracotomy surgery after previous acute type A aortic dissection repair[J].Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2018,66(3):222-226

    • [12] CHEN Y,MA W G,ZHI A H,et al.Fate of distal aorta af⁃ ter frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement for type A aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome[J].Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,157(3):835-849

    • [13] OHIRA S,GREGORY V,GOLDBERG J B,et al.Zone 2 arch repair for acute type A dissection:evolution from arch⁃first to proximal⁃first repair[J].JTCVS Tech,2023,8(21):7-17

    • [14] ZINDOVIC I,GUDBJARTSSON T,AHLSSON A,et al.Malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection:an update from the nordic consortium for acute type A aortic dissec⁃ tion[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,157(4):1324-1333

    • [15] SMEDBERG C,HULTGREN R,DELLE M,et al.Tempo⁃ ral and morphological patterns predict outcome of endo⁃ vascular repair in acute complicated type B aortic dissec⁃ tion[J].Eur J VascEndovasc Surg,2018,56(3):349-355

    • [16] CZERNY M,EGGEBRECHT H,ROUSSEAU H,et al.Distal stent graft⁃induced new entry after TEVAR or FET:insights into a new disease from EuREC[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2020,110(5):1494-1500

    • [17] DONG Z,FU W,WANG Y,et al.Stent graft⁃induced new entry after endovascular repair for Stanford type B aortic dissection[J].J Vasc Surg,2010,52(6):1450-1457

    • [18] HUANG C Y,HSU H L,CHEN P,et al.The impact of dis⁃ tal stent graft ⁃induced new entry on aortic remodeling of chronic type B dissection[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2017,105(3):785-793

    • [19] WANG R,KAN Y,YANG M,et al.Clinical results and aortic remodeling after endovascular treatment for compli⁃ cated type B aortic dissection with the“Fabulous”stent system[J].Front Cardiovasc Med,2022,9:817675

  • 参考文献

    • [1] KAJI S.Acute medical management of aortic dissection [J].Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,67(2):203-207

    • [2] 孙立忠,刘志刚.主动脉弓替换加支架“象鼻”手术治疗 stanford A 型夹层[J].中华外科杂志,2004,42(13):812-814

    • [3] SUN L,QI R,ZHU J,et al.Total arch replacement com⁃ bined with stented elephant trunk implantation:anew “standard”therapy for type A dissection involving repair of the aortic arch?[J].Circulation,2011,123(9):971-978

    • [4] MOUSAVIZADEH M,DALIRI M,ALJADAYEL H A,et al.Hypothermic circulatory arrest time affects neurologi⁃ cal outcomes of frozen elephant trunk for acute type A aor⁃ tic dissection:a systematic review and meta ⁃analysis[J].J Card Surg,2021,36(9):3337-3351

    • [5] LANSMAN S L,GOLDBERG J B,KAI M,et al.Extended arch procedures for acute type A aortic dissection:adown⁃ stream problem?[J].Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,31(1):17-20

    • [6] SUZUKIS T,ASAI T,KINOSHITA T.Predictors for late reoperation after surgical repair of acute type A aortic dis⁃ section[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2018,106(1):63-69

    • [7] LIU Y,LI L,XIAO Z,et al.Early endovascular interven⁃ tion for unfavorable remodeling of the thoracic aorta after open surgery for acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection:study protocol for a multicenter,randomized,controlled trial[J].Trials,2023,24(1):496-501

    • [8] 张嘉伟,梅峻豪,刘婷婷,等.壁面剪切力在动脉夹层形成中的作用与机制研究进展[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2023,43(11):1589-1595

    • [9] ASSI R,BAVARIA J E,DESAI N D,et al.Techniques and outcomes of secondary open repair for chronic dissec⁃ tion after acute repair of type A aortic dissection[J].Car⁃ diovasc Surg(Torino),2018,59(6):759-766

    • [10] NAPPI F,AVTAAR S S,GAMBARDELLA I,et al.Surgi⁃ cal strategy for the repair of acute type A aorticdissection:a multicenter study[J].J Cardiovasc Dev Dis,2023,10(6):253-255

    • [11] UCHINO G,YOSHIDA T,KAKII B,et al.Resternotomy plus left thoracotomy surgery after previous acute type A aortic dissection repair[J].Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2018,66(3):222-226

    • [12] CHEN Y,MA W G,ZHI A H,et al.Fate of distal aorta af⁃ ter frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement for type A aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome[J].Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,157(3):835-849

    • [13] OHIRA S,GREGORY V,GOLDBERG J B,et al.Zone 2 arch repair for acute type A dissection:evolution from arch⁃first to proximal⁃first repair[J].JTCVS Tech,2023,8(21):7-17

    • [14] ZINDOVIC I,GUDBJARTSSON T,AHLSSON A,et al.Malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection:an update from the nordic consortium for acute type A aortic dissec⁃ tion[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2019,157(4):1324-1333

    • [15] SMEDBERG C,HULTGREN R,DELLE M,et al.Tempo⁃ ral and morphological patterns predict outcome of endo⁃ vascular repair in acute complicated type B aortic dissec⁃ tion[J].Eur J VascEndovasc Surg,2018,56(3):349-355

    • [16] CZERNY M,EGGEBRECHT H,ROUSSEAU H,et al.Distal stent graft⁃induced new entry after TEVAR or FET:insights into a new disease from EuREC[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2020,110(5):1494-1500

    • [17] DONG Z,FU W,WANG Y,et al.Stent graft⁃induced new entry after endovascular repair for Stanford type B aortic dissection[J].J Vasc Surg,2010,52(6):1450-1457

    • [18] HUANG C Y,HSU H L,CHEN P,et al.The impact of dis⁃ tal stent graft ⁃induced new entry on aortic remodeling of chronic type B dissection[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2017,105(3):785-793

    • [19] WANG R,KAN Y,YANG M,et al.Clinical results and aortic remodeling after endovascular treatment for compli⁃ cated type B aortic dissection with the“Fabulous”stent system[J].Front Cardiovasc Med,2022,9:817675