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通讯作者:

魏磊,E-mail:weileijs@163.com

中图分类号:R540.45

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2024)05-649-06

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNSN231161

参考文献 1
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参考文献 2
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参考文献 6
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参考文献 7
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参考文献 8
SOUZA D S,JOHANSSON B,BOJÖ L,et al.Harvesting the saphenous vein with surrounding tissue for CABG provides long ⁃term graft patency comparable to the left internal thoracic artery:results of a randomized longitudi⁃ nal trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2006,132(2):373-378
参考文献 9
SAMANO N,GEIJER H,LIDEN M,et al.The no ⁃touch saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting main⁃ tains a patency,after 16 years,comparable to the left internal thoracic artery:a randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2015,150(4):880-888
参考文献 10
DREIFALDT M,MANNION J D,GEIJER H,et al.The no⁃ touch saphenous vein is an excellent alternative conduit to the radial artery 8 years after coronary artery bypass grafting:a randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2021,161(2):624-630
参考文献 11
VALGIMIGLI M,BUENO H,BYRNE R A,et al.2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS:the Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and of the European Association for Cardio⁃Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)[J].Eur Heart J,2018,39(3):213-260
参考文献 12
XENOGIANNIS I,ZENATI M,BHATT D L,et al.Saphe⁃ nous vein graft failure:from pathophysiology to preven⁃ tion and treatment strategies[J].Circulation,2021,144(9):728-745
参考文献 13
JANKOVIC A,ZAKIC T,MILICIC M,et al.Effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning on the internal thoracic artery nitric oxide synthase isoforms in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Antioxidants(Basel),2021,10(12):1910
参考文献 14
KURAZUMI H,SUZUKI R,NAWATA R,et al.Impact of the no⁃touch harvesting technique on the vessel diameter of saphenous vein grafts for coronary artery bypass graft⁃ ing[J].JTCVS Tech,2022,15:87-94
参考文献 15
SAMANO N,SOUZA D,PINHEIRO B B,et al.Twenty ⁃ five years of No ⁃ touch saphenous vein harvesting for coro⁃ nary artery bypass grafting:structural observations and impact on graft performance[J].Braz J Cardiovasc Surg,2020,35(1):91-99
参考文献 16
YAMANE Y,UCHIDA N,OKUBO S,et al.Impact of the size mismatch between saphenous vein graft and coronary artery on graft patency[J].Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2017,65(1):25-31
参考文献 17
KIM Y H,OH H C,CHOI J W,et al.No⁃touch saphenous vein harvesting may improve further the patency of saphe⁃ nous vein composite grafts:early outcomes and 1 ⁃ year angiographic results[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2017,103(5):1489-1497
参考文献 18
RODRIGUES M,KOSARIC N,BONHAM C A,et al.Wound healing:a cellular perspective[J].Physiol Rev,2019,99(1):665-706
参考文献 19
ELSHAFAY A,BENDARY A H,VUONG H T,et al.Does No ⁃touch technique better than conventional or in⁃ termediate saphenous vein harvest techniques for coro⁃ nary artery bypass graft surgery:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].J Cardiovasc Transl Res,2018,11(6):483-494
参考文献 20
KOPJAR T,DASHWOOD M R,DREIFALDT M,et al.No⁃touch saphenous vein as an important conduit of choice in coronary bypass surgery[J].J Thorac Dis,2018,10(suppl 26):S3292-S3296
参考文献 21
KIRMANI B H,POWER S,ZACHARIAS J.Long ⁃ term survival after endoscopic vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Ann R Coll Surg Engl,2020,102(6):422-428
参考文献 22
LOPES R D,HAFLEY G E,ALLEN K B,et al.Endoscopic versus open vein⁃graft harvesting in coronary⁃artery bypass surgery[J].N Engl J Med,2009,361(3):235-244
参考文献 23
KODIA K,PATEL S,WEBER M P,et al.Graft patency after open versus endoscopic saphenous vein harvest in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Ann Cardiothorac Surg,2018,7(5):586-597
参考文献 24
ZENATI M A,BHATT D L,BAKAEEN F G,et al.Ran⁃ domized trial of endoscopic or open vein ⁃graft harvesting for coronary ⁃artery bypass[J].N Engl J Med,2019,380(2):132-141
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:评价不接触获取技术与常规获取技术应用于非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期临床效果。方法:回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院心脏大血管外科 2020 年 7 月—2022 年 7 月行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的 120 例患者的临床资料,其中 50 例采用不接触获取技术(No-touch 组),70 例采用常规获取技术(CVH 组)。观察指标包括手术时间、静脉桥血管数量、静脉桥血管平均流量、机械通气时间、ICU 监护时间和术后下肢切口愈合不良、术后急性肾损伤等并发症,以及随访 1 年后的心脏超声指标和冠状动脉 CT 血管成像结果。结果:两组患者手术时间、静脉桥血管数量、静脉桥血管平均流量、机械通气时间、ICU 监护时间等比较差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。No-touch 组术后主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)支持 5 例,下肢切口愈合不良 2 例,术后突发心血管事件 1 例。CVH 组术后 IABP 支持 2 例,术后急性肾损伤 1 例。两组均无二次开胸探查和二次气管插管情况,且术后各并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组患者术后 1 年心脏超声指标差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。No-touch 组术后 1 年静脉桥血管闭塞率低于 CVH 组(P < 0.05)。结论:与常规获取技术相比,在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术中采用不接触技术获取大隐静脉不增加手术风险,术后 1 年桥血管通畅率较高。

    Abstract

    Objective:To evaluate the early clinical outcomes of no - touch harvesting technique and conventional harvesting technique applied to off -pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients who underwent off -pump coronary artery bypass grafting from July 2020 to July 2022 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed,of which 50 cases used no-touch harvesting technique(No-touch group) and 70 cases used conventional harvesting technique(CVH group). Observation indexes included operation time,number of vein graft, average flow rate of vein graft,ventilation time,ICU stay,postoperative complications such as poor healing of leg wound and postoperative acute kidney injury,as well as echocardiographic indexes and coronary CT angiography results after 1 year of follow-up. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in operation time,number of vein graft,average flow rate of vein graft,ventilation time and ICU stay between the two groups(P > 0.05). In the No-touch group,there were 5 cases of intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP)support, 2 cases of poor healing of leg wound,and 1 case of postoperative cardiac event. In the CVH group,there were 2 cases of postoperative IABP support and 1 case of postoperative acute kidney injury. There were no cases of reoperation and reintubation in the two groups, and the difference in the incidence of postoperative complications was not statistically significant(P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative echocardiographic indexes between the two groups at 1 year after surgery(P > 0.05). The rate of vein graft occlusion in the No -touch group was lower than that in the CVH group at 1 year after surgery,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compcued with conventional harvesting technique,the use of no - touch harvesting technique for saphenous vein harvesting in off - pump coronary artery bypass grafting does not increase the surgical risk,and the patency rate of vein graft is high at 1 year after surgery.

  • 冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)是目前治疗冠心病的主要手段之一,尤其对于左主干病变、三支血管病变伴或不伴前降支近端病变、两支血管病变合并前降支近端病变以及严重缺血的多支病变患者,CABG 是目前的首选治疗方案[1]。大隐静脉是目前 CABG 中最常用的移植物[2],但大隐静脉有其自身缺陷,最主要的是远期通畅率较低,文献报道术后 1 年通畅率约为 81%~98%,5~7 年通畅率约为 75%~86%,10年通畅率仅有 50%~60%[3],如何提高大隐静脉的远期通畅率成为目前 CABG 的热点之一。目前,获取大隐静脉的方式主要有两种,常规获取(conventional har⁃ vesting,CVH)技术和不接触获取(no⁃touch harvest⁃ ing,No ⁃touch)技术。本研究回顾性分析应用 No ⁃ touch及CVH技术行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off ⁃ pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OP⁃ CABG)患者的临床资料,对比两种技术组患者围术期及术后早期的临床资料,分析No⁃touch技术的安全性及早期效果。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 回顾性分析 2020 年 7 月—2022 年 7 月于南京医科大学第一附属医院心脏大血管外科行 OP⁃ CABG 患者的临床资料,根据获取大隐静脉方式不同分为 No⁃touch 组和 CVH 组。入组标准:①冠脉造影提示合并多支主要冠状动脉病变需行 CABG 患者;②病例资料完整。排除标准:①急诊手术; ②合并其他心内手术;③二次手术;④体外循环下 CABG 手术或术中紧急转为体外循环下 CABG 手术;⑤全身情况较差,如合并肝肾功能衰竭、严重肺部感染、重度肺动脉高压等;⑥围手术期内非心源性死亡。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,患者均知情同意。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 手术方案

  • 大隐静脉获取:No⁃touch 组术前行超声检查标记大隐静脉大致走行,从股动脉内侧1 cm处沿大隐静脉的走行方向切开皮肤,逐层分离皮下脂肪和结缔组织,避免损伤静脉及静脉外膜,显露大隐静脉主干,使用钛夹夹闭或者使用细丝线结扎明显的静脉属支,应适当远离静脉主干避免损伤静脉。使用亚甲蓝标记静脉的前面,避免在后续桥血管吻合过程中出现扭曲以及辅助辨认细小的静脉属支。使用超声刀在距离静脉周围0.5 cm的位置游离静脉,同时保留静脉周围的血管蒂和脂肪组织。在游离过程中,如果存在静脉属支,继续使用钛夹夹闭或者使用细丝线结扎。确认长度合适后,将大隐静脉两端离断,使用少量含肝素的血管保存液冲洗血管,同时在近端使用Bulldog标记,将其保存在血管保存液中。桥血管吻合时首先将大隐静脉远端与升主动脉吻合,通过动脉血压扩张大隐静脉,同时判断有无出血,出血处使用钛夹夹闭。CVH组显露大隐静脉方法同前,紧贴静脉表面剥离包括静脉外膜在内的周围组织,使用钛夹夹闭或者使用细丝线结扎静脉属支。确认长度合适后,将大隐静脉离断,远端连接橄榄针头,使用丝线结扎固定,推注含肝素的血管保存液高压扩张大隐静脉,渗漏处使用钛夹夹闭,将其保存在血管保存液中。

  • 非体外循环下CABG术:患者全身麻醉后气管插管辅助呼吸,常规经胸骨正中切口劈开胸骨显露心脏。避开钙化严重处的升主动脉,使用侧壁钳或易扣吻合器隔离升主动脉管壁,确定吻合部位后使用打孔器在升主动脉管壁上打孔,大隐静脉远端与升主动脉行端侧吻合,近端根据靶血管位置行侧侧吻合或端侧吻合。吻合全部完成后使用流量仪测定桥血管血流量,如桥血管血流量不满意,拆除吻合口重新吻合。

  • 1.2.2 观察指标

  • 手术相关指标:手术时间、静脉桥血管数量、静脉桥血管平均流量、机械通气时间、ICU监护时间。术后并发症指标:二次开胸探查、二次气管插管、主动脉内球囊反搏(intra⁃aortic balloon pump,IABP)支持、下肢切口愈合不良、突发心血管事件、急性肾损伤等并发症。随访指标:随访术后1年的心脏超声指标,包括左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end⁃ diastolic diameter,LVDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end ⁃systolic diameter,LVDs)及冠状动脉 CT血管成像(coronary CT angiography,CCTA)结果。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计学处理,计量资料根据单样本Kolmogorov⁃Smirnov 检验判断数据是否为正态分布,正态分布的计量资料用均数±标准差 (x-±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;非正态分布的计量资料用中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示,组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料用例数(百分率)[n(%)]表示,组间比较采用χ2 检验和 Kruskal⁃ Wallis 检验,其中组内样本量 <5 时,采用Fisher 确切概率法检验。P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 患者基线资料

  • 严格按照上述纳入及排除标准,共选择入组患者 120 例。 No ⁃ touch 组 50 例,其中,男 34 例 (68.0%),平均年龄(63.02 ± 6.90)岁;CVH组70例,其中,男51例(72.9%),平均年龄(61.83 ± 9.80)岁。两组患者一般资料[年龄、性别、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)]、危险因素(吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、肾功能不全、术前 IABP 支持、心脏超声指标(LVEF、LVDd、LVDs)差异均无统计学意义(P ˃ 0.05,表1)。

  • 表1 两组患者临床基线资料比较

  • Table1 Comparison of clinical baseline data of patients between the two groups

  • 2.2 两组患者手术相关指标比较

  • 两组患者手术时间、静脉桥血管数量、静脉桥血管平均流量、机械通气时间、ICU监护时间等比较差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05,表2)。

  • 表2 两组患者手术相关资料比较

  • Table2 Comparison of operation⁃related data of patients between the two groups

  • 2.3 两组患者术后并发症指标比较

  • No⁃touch 组术后IABP 支持5例,其中4例术前出现血流动力学不稳定,1 例术后出现急性心衰,置入 IABP 辅助心功能恢复;术后下肢切口愈合不良 2 例,1例表现为切口局部红肿渗液,1例表现为淋巴瘘,经局部加压包扎和加强换药后痊愈;术后突发心血管事件 1 例,表现为突发急性心衰,置入 IABP 辅助后好转。CVH 组术后 IABP 支持 2 例,均为术前出现血流动力学不稳定,置入 IABP 辅助心功能恢复;术后急性肾损伤 1 例,予血液透析后好转。两组均无二次开胸探查和二次气管插管情况,且术后各并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0.05,表3)。

  • 2.4 两组患者术后心脏超声指标比较

  • 两组患者术后1年心脏超声指标(LVEF、LVDd、 LVDs)差异无统计学意义(P >0.05,表4)。

  • 表3 两组患者术后并发症比较

  • Table3 Comparison of postoperative complications of patients between the two groups

  • 表4 两组患者术后心脏超声指标比较

  • Table4 Comparison of postoperative echocardiographic indexes of patients between the two groups

  • 2.5 两组患者术后CCTA指标比较

  • 对比两组患者术后1年CCTA指标,No⁃touch组静脉桥血管共 119 支,其中闭塞数量 11 支(9.2%), CVH 组静脉桥闭塞数量 33 支(19.0%),No⁃touch 组术后1年静脉桥血管闭塞率低于CVH组,且两组指标差异有统计学意义(P = 0.022)。

  • 3 讨论

  • CABG 和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)是治疗冠心病的两种主要血运重建方式,对于存在多支病变和复杂冠脉病变的患者,CABG相比PCI可显著提高生存率并降低再次血运重建率[4]。心脏血运重建效果是评估CABG 效果最为关键的指标,血管桥的通畅性是影响患者预后的关键因素,决定患者的最终获益情况。乳内动脉(internal mammary artery,IMA)作为桥血管,因其具有流量高、远期狭窄率低、不易痉挛等特点,已成为 CABG 的首选移植物[5-6]。由于 IMA 的长度有限,往往无法用于多支血管吻合,使得其使用受限,通常仅用于前降支的吻合,而其他可获取的动脉都有不可避免的缺点,如桡动脉易痉挛、胃网膜动脉获取难度大等。大隐静脉由于其获取方便、不易痉挛、长度长等特点,成为替代 IMA 最常用的移植物[7]。一般情况下,动脉血管桥的远期通畅率要高于静脉桥的远期通畅率,动脉和静脉不同的结构和功能特性可能是动脉桥效果更好的原因,而获取静脉时对静脉管壁造成的损伤也可能是静脉桥狭窄率高的原因之一。有文献报道指出,对静脉桥血管通畅率影响最大的外科因素在于采集方法以及静脉质量[8]。研究证实,应用 No⁃touch 技术采集大隐静脉的通畅率明显高于CVH技术,能获得近似IMA和桡动脉的中、远期通畅率[9-10]。2018年欧洲心脏病学会/欧洲胸心外科协会指南将使用 No⁃touch 技术获取静脉桥血管作为Ⅱa类推荐术式[11]。No⁃touch 技术作为一种新兴技术,国内的研究报道仍较少,本研究旨在为该技术的安全性及术后早期临床效果提供临床数据支持。

  • 研究显示CABG术后静脉桥血管狭窄主要病理生理过程为早期多表现为吻合口狭窄和急性血栓形成,中期为内膜增生及中膜向内膜迁移,晚期主要与血管粥样硬化有关[12]。本研究中,No⁃touch组术后1年大隐静脉桥血管闭塞率明显低于CVH 组,考虑与以下因素有关:①CVH技术需要高压扩张对抗静脉痉挛,No⁃touch 技术利用生理血压来充盈扩张,避免了内皮细胞丢失和中膜破坏,更好地保持了血管内皮的完整性,降低了术后急性血栓形成的发生率。②血管内皮不仅是一层光滑平整的内表皮,同时也具有一定的内分泌作用。一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)是一种重要的血管活性物质,具有舒张血管、抑制血小板聚集的作用[13],内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)主要表达于血管内皮细胞,能够催化 L⁃精氨酸产生NO[613]。 No⁃touch技术获取的大隐静脉内皮细胞完好,内皮上的eNOS得以保留,内源性NO生成未受影响,NO 的血管舒张和抗血栓活性可能是No⁃touch 技术获取的大隐静脉痉挛减少和通畅率提高的原因之一[14]。 ③No⁃touch技术获取的大隐静脉保留了血管外膜及部分静脉周围组织,对桥血管能起到机械支持作用,减少了高速血流冲击管壁引起血管扩张造成的内皮损伤以及防止桥血管过长时出现扭结[15]

  • 有研究指出,如果桥血管与靶血管尺寸不匹配,血流流经吻合口时会形成涡流,进而引起静脉内膜增生和血栓形成[1416]。因此,选择合适尺寸的静脉移植物非常重要。国外研究多采用小腿区域的大隐静脉[71417]。本研究发现小腿区域的大隐静脉过于纤细,多无法完成血管吻合或完成血管吻合后桥血管血流量不满意,因此入组的所有患者均采集大腿区域的大隐静脉,术后1年随访通畅率与国外研究结果相当[7],推测可能由于国内外种族差异导致小腿区域大隐静脉内径存在差异所致。由于本研究属于国内单中心的研究,未进行深入探讨,有待国内外多中心研究验证。

  • 下肢切口愈合不良是使用No⁃touch技术的主要疑虑之一。本研究中,No⁃touch组出现下肢切口愈合不良2例,1 例表现为切口局部红肿渗液,回顾本例患者病历资料发现,患者BMI >30 kg/m2,术前患有糖尿病且血糖控制不佳,肥胖和糖尿病可能是腿部切口出现红肿渗液的原因[18];1例表现为淋巴瘘,可能与使用No⁃touch技术采集大隐静脉时保留了过多的静脉周围组织,破坏了静脉周围的淋巴系统有关。本研究中,No⁃touch组下肢切口愈合不良发生率稍高于 CVH 组,但两者差异无统计学意义,El⁃ shafay等[19] 的研究也证实了No⁃touch技术相比CVH 技术并未显著增加下肢切口并发症的发生率。术中完成大隐静脉采集操作后尽快仔细缝合切口,避免遗留死腔可减少下肢切口并发症的发生率[20]。近期有学者提出使用内窥镜获取(endoscopic vein har⁃ vesting,EVH)技术采集大隐静脉可有效减少下肢切口并发症的发生率并有良好的美容效果[21]。一项对3 000例CABG患者的研究显示,内镜采集静脉的移植失败率、死亡率、心肌梗死以及再次血运重建比例更高[22]。然而,有学者指出 EVH 技术获取的静脉桥血管通畅性低于非内镜获取法的原因可能与缺乏桥血管内镜获取经验的医师在操作过程中过度牵拉损伤静脉有关[23]。近期一项由桥血管内镜获取经验丰富的医师完成的包括 1 000 例 CABG患者的研究显示,EVH技术与CVH技术的主要心脏不良事件发生率无显著差异[24],但该研究仅进行临床评估,未对桥血管通畅性进行影像学评估。EVH 技术的安全性和有效性仍有待进一步的研究验证。

  • 综上所述,应用No⁃touch技术获取静脉桥血管对于OPCABG患者的近期临床效果满意,并未显著增加围术期及术后并发症率,术后1年桥血管通畅率较高。本研究属于小样本、单中心、回顾性研究,随访时间较短,仍需进行大样本、多中心、前瞻性研究来进一步验证 No⁃touch 技术的安全性及效果。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] LAWTON J S,TAMIS⁃HOLLAND J E,BANGALORE S,et al.2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization:a report of the American College of Cardi⁃ ology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines[J].Circulation,2022,145(3):e4-e17

    • [2] TAGGART D P,GAVRILOV Y,KRASOPOULOS G,et al.External stenting and disease progression in saphenous vein grafts two years after coronary artery bypass grafting:a multicenter randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2022,164(5):1532-1541

    • [3] GAUDINO M,ANTONIADES C,BENEDETTO U,et al.Mechanisms,consequences,and prevention of coronary graft failure[J].Circulation,2017,136(18):1749-1764

    • [4] DOENST T,HAVERICH A,SERRUYS P,et al.PCI and CABG for treating stable coronary artery disease:JACC review topic of the week[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2019,73(8):964-976

    • [5] YOKOYAMA Y,TAKAGI H,KUNO T.Graft patency of a second conduit for coronary artery bypass surgery:a network meta ⁃ analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2022,34(1):102-109

    • [6] SHISHKOVA D,MARKOVA V,SINITSKY M,et al.Co⁃ culture of primary human coronary artery and internal thoracic artery endothelial cells results in mutually benefi⁃ cial paracrine interactions[J].Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(21):E8032

    • [7] CALISKAN E,DE SOUZA D R,BÖNING A,et al.Saphe⁃ nous vein grafts in contemporary coronary artery bypass graft surgery[J].Nat Rev Cardiol,2020,17(3):155-169

    • [8] SOUZA D S,JOHANSSON B,BOJÖ L,et al.Harvesting the saphenous vein with surrounding tissue for CABG provides long ⁃term graft patency comparable to the left internal thoracic artery:results of a randomized longitudi⁃ nal trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2006,132(2):373-378

    • [9] SAMANO N,GEIJER H,LIDEN M,et al.The no ⁃touch saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting main⁃ tains a patency,after 16 years,comparable to the left internal thoracic artery:a randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2015,150(4):880-888

    • [10] DREIFALDT M,MANNION J D,GEIJER H,et al.The no⁃ touch saphenous vein is an excellent alternative conduit to the radial artery 8 years after coronary artery bypass grafting:a randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2021,161(2):624-630

    • [11] VALGIMIGLI M,BUENO H,BYRNE R A,et al.2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS:the Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and of the European Association for Cardio⁃Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)[J].Eur Heart J,2018,39(3):213-260

    • [12] XENOGIANNIS I,ZENATI M,BHATT D L,et al.Saphe⁃ nous vein graft failure:from pathophysiology to preven⁃ tion and treatment strategies[J].Circulation,2021,144(9):728-745

    • [13] JANKOVIC A,ZAKIC T,MILICIC M,et al.Effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning on the internal thoracic artery nitric oxide synthase isoforms in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Antioxidants(Basel),2021,10(12):1910

    • [14] KURAZUMI H,SUZUKI R,NAWATA R,et al.Impact of the no⁃touch harvesting technique on the vessel diameter of saphenous vein grafts for coronary artery bypass graft⁃ ing[J].JTCVS Tech,2022,15:87-94

    • [15] SAMANO N,SOUZA D,PINHEIRO B B,et al.Twenty ⁃ five years of No ⁃ touch saphenous vein harvesting for coro⁃ nary artery bypass grafting:structural observations and impact on graft performance[J].Braz J Cardiovasc Surg,2020,35(1):91-99

    • [16] YAMANE Y,UCHIDA N,OKUBO S,et al.Impact of the size mismatch between saphenous vein graft and coronary artery on graft patency[J].Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2017,65(1):25-31

    • [17] KIM Y H,OH H C,CHOI J W,et al.No⁃touch saphenous vein harvesting may improve further the patency of saphe⁃ nous vein composite grafts:early outcomes and 1 ⁃ year angiographic results[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2017,103(5):1489-1497

    • [18] RODRIGUES M,KOSARIC N,BONHAM C A,et al.Wound healing:a cellular perspective[J].Physiol Rev,2019,99(1):665-706

    • [19] ELSHAFAY A,BENDARY A H,VUONG H T,et al.Does No ⁃touch technique better than conventional or in⁃ termediate saphenous vein harvest techniques for coro⁃ nary artery bypass graft surgery:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].J Cardiovasc Transl Res,2018,11(6):483-494

    • [20] KOPJAR T,DASHWOOD M R,DREIFALDT M,et al.No⁃touch saphenous vein as an important conduit of choice in coronary bypass surgery[J].J Thorac Dis,2018,10(suppl 26):S3292-S3296

    • [21] KIRMANI B H,POWER S,ZACHARIAS J.Long ⁃ term survival after endoscopic vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Ann R Coll Surg Engl,2020,102(6):422-428

    • [22] LOPES R D,HAFLEY G E,ALLEN K B,et al.Endoscopic versus open vein⁃graft harvesting in coronary⁃artery bypass surgery[J].N Engl J Med,2009,361(3):235-244

    • [23] KODIA K,PATEL S,WEBER M P,et al.Graft patency after open versus endoscopic saphenous vein harvest in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Ann Cardiothorac Surg,2018,7(5):586-597

    • [24] ZENATI M A,BHATT D L,BAKAEEN F G,et al.Ran⁃ domized trial of endoscopic or open vein ⁃graft harvesting for coronary ⁃artery bypass[J].N Engl J Med,2019,380(2):132-141

  • 参考文献

    • [1] LAWTON J S,TAMIS⁃HOLLAND J E,BANGALORE S,et al.2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization:a report of the American College of Cardi⁃ ology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines[J].Circulation,2022,145(3):e4-e17

    • [2] TAGGART D P,GAVRILOV Y,KRASOPOULOS G,et al.External stenting and disease progression in saphenous vein grafts two years after coronary artery bypass grafting:a multicenter randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2022,164(5):1532-1541

    • [3] GAUDINO M,ANTONIADES C,BENEDETTO U,et al.Mechanisms,consequences,and prevention of coronary graft failure[J].Circulation,2017,136(18):1749-1764

    • [4] DOENST T,HAVERICH A,SERRUYS P,et al.PCI and CABG for treating stable coronary artery disease:JACC review topic of the week[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2019,73(8):964-976

    • [5] YOKOYAMA Y,TAKAGI H,KUNO T.Graft patency of a second conduit for coronary artery bypass surgery:a network meta ⁃ analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2022,34(1):102-109

    • [6] SHISHKOVA D,MARKOVA V,SINITSKY M,et al.Co⁃ culture of primary human coronary artery and internal thoracic artery endothelial cells results in mutually benefi⁃ cial paracrine interactions[J].Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(21):E8032

    • [7] CALISKAN E,DE SOUZA D R,BÖNING A,et al.Saphe⁃ nous vein grafts in contemporary coronary artery bypass graft surgery[J].Nat Rev Cardiol,2020,17(3):155-169

    • [8] SOUZA D S,JOHANSSON B,BOJÖ L,et al.Harvesting the saphenous vein with surrounding tissue for CABG provides long ⁃term graft patency comparable to the left internal thoracic artery:results of a randomized longitudi⁃ nal trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2006,132(2):373-378

    • [9] SAMANO N,GEIJER H,LIDEN M,et al.The no ⁃touch saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting main⁃ tains a patency,after 16 years,comparable to the left internal thoracic artery:a randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2015,150(4):880-888

    • [10] DREIFALDT M,MANNION J D,GEIJER H,et al.The no⁃ touch saphenous vein is an excellent alternative conduit to the radial artery 8 years after coronary artery bypass grafting:a randomized trial[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2021,161(2):624-630

    • [11] VALGIMIGLI M,BUENO H,BYRNE R A,et al.2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS:the Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and of the European Association for Cardio⁃Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)[J].Eur Heart J,2018,39(3):213-260

    • [12] XENOGIANNIS I,ZENATI M,BHATT D L,et al.Saphe⁃ nous vein graft failure:from pathophysiology to preven⁃ tion and treatment strategies[J].Circulation,2021,144(9):728-745

    • [13] JANKOVIC A,ZAKIC T,MILICIC M,et al.Effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning on the internal thoracic artery nitric oxide synthase isoforms in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Antioxidants(Basel),2021,10(12):1910

    • [14] KURAZUMI H,SUZUKI R,NAWATA R,et al.Impact of the no⁃touch harvesting technique on the vessel diameter of saphenous vein grafts for coronary artery bypass graft⁃ ing[J].JTCVS Tech,2022,15:87-94

    • [15] SAMANO N,SOUZA D,PINHEIRO B B,et al.Twenty ⁃ five years of No ⁃ touch saphenous vein harvesting for coro⁃ nary artery bypass grafting:structural observations and impact on graft performance[J].Braz J Cardiovasc Surg,2020,35(1):91-99

    • [16] YAMANE Y,UCHIDA N,OKUBO S,et al.Impact of the size mismatch between saphenous vein graft and coronary artery on graft patency[J].Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2017,65(1):25-31

    • [17] KIM Y H,OH H C,CHOI J W,et al.No⁃touch saphenous vein harvesting may improve further the patency of saphe⁃ nous vein composite grafts:early outcomes and 1 ⁃ year angiographic results[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2017,103(5):1489-1497

    • [18] RODRIGUES M,KOSARIC N,BONHAM C A,et al.Wound healing:a cellular perspective[J].Physiol Rev,2019,99(1):665-706

    • [19] ELSHAFAY A,BENDARY A H,VUONG H T,et al.Does No ⁃touch technique better than conventional or in⁃ termediate saphenous vein harvest techniques for coro⁃ nary artery bypass graft surgery:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].J Cardiovasc Transl Res,2018,11(6):483-494

    • [20] KOPJAR T,DASHWOOD M R,DREIFALDT M,et al.No⁃touch saphenous vein as an important conduit of choice in coronary bypass surgery[J].J Thorac Dis,2018,10(suppl 26):S3292-S3296

    • [21] KIRMANI B H,POWER S,ZACHARIAS J.Long ⁃ term survival after endoscopic vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting[J].Ann R Coll Surg Engl,2020,102(6):422-428

    • [22] LOPES R D,HAFLEY G E,ALLEN K B,et al.Endoscopic versus open vein⁃graft harvesting in coronary⁃artery bypass surgery[J].N Engl J Med,2009,361(3):235-244

    • [23] KODIA K,PATEL S,WEBER M P,et al.Graft patency after open versus endoscopic saphenous vein harvest in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Ann Cardiothorac Surg,2018,7(5):586-597

    • [24] ZENATI M A,BHATT D L,BAKAEEN F G,et al.Ran⁃ domized trial of endoscopic or open vein ⁃graft harvesting for coronary ⁃artery bypass[J].N Engl J Med,2019,380(2):132-141