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通讯作者:

汪春晖,E-mail:13912966353@139.com

中图分类号:R813.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2024)06-743-10

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNSN240190

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目录contents

    摘要

    目的:从发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)恢复期患者的外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)中,获得大别班达病毒(Dabie bandavirus,DBV)特异性抗体序列,制备全人源DBV 抗体。方法:用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测恢复期患者血浆抗体效价,挑取恢复期患者PBMC样本进行磁珠富集,经流式细胞仪分选获得能够结合DBV糖蛋白的特异性单个B细胞,经B细胞受体(B cell receptor, BCR)测序获得抗体序列,进行单链抗体的原核表达,采用蛋白免疫印迹、ELISA和体外中和实验鉴定抗体的表达、结合能力和中和活性。结果:共收集25例SFTS恢复期患者血液样本,血浆中均发现了DBV糖蛋白和核衣壳蛋白的抗体。选取样本进行流式分选和BCR测序,分析后共获得6个单链抗体,对DBV均具有良好的结合能力和中和活性。结论:成功表达了6个与DBV 具有中和作用的全人源抗DBV抗体。

    Abstract

    Objective:To obtain Dabie bandavirus(DBV)specific antibody sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)of recovery patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS). Then fully human antibodies against DBV were prepared. Methods:Enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the plasma antibody of SFTS recovery patients. PBMC samples from the recovery patients were selected for magnetic bead enrichment, and the specific single B cells with DBV glycoprotein(DBV-Gn)protein binding activity were obtained by flow cytometry. The antibody sequences were obtained by B cell receptor sequencing,and the prokaryotic expression of single chain antibody was performed. Finally,the expression,binding capacity, and neutralizing activity of the antibodies were identified by Western blot,ELISA,and neutralization experiment in vitro. Results:Total 25 blood samples from SFTS recovery patients were collected. The antibodies showed binding activity with DBV - Gn and DBV nucleocapsid protein(DBV -NP)were detected in all plasma. Six types of single chain antibodies were obtained after flow cytometry sorting and BCR sequencing analysis,all of which had good binding capacity and neutralizing activity with DBV. Conclusion:Six fully human antibodies with neutralizing activity to DBV have been successfully expressed.

  • 发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)是近年来在我国部分地区发现的一种自然疫源性疾病[1],病原体为大别班达病毒(Dabie bandavirus,DBV)[2],曾被称为发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒。其主要临床症状为高热、血小板减少、白细胞减少、胃肠道不适等,严重时会造成多器官损伤、各种并发症如细菌或真菌感染、神经系统症状等[3-5],病死率为12%~30%[6-8]。大部分患者预后良好,老年患者和有基础疾病的患者临床预后较差[9-11]。目前,临床上尚无针对SFTS 的有效预防性疫苗和特异性抗病毒药物,治疗手段主要为对症治疗和对并发症的治疗[12]

  • 本研究以 SFTS 恢复期患者外周血单核细胞 (peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)为样本,通过磁珠富集与流式分选获得 DBV 糖蛋白(DBV glycoprotein,DBV⁃Gn)特异性单个B细胞,利用B细胞受体(B cell receptor,BCR)测序获得抗体可变区序列,原核表达出6个与DBV具有中和活性的抗体,为后续病原体诊断和抗病毒药物的研发奠定技术基础。

  • 1 材料和方法

  • 1.1 材料

  • 非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)、DBV ⁃JS14 病毒株和 DBV核衣壳蛋白(DBV nucleocapsid protein,DBV⁃NP) 质粒由本实验室保存;BL21感受态细胞(北京全式金生物有限公司);DBV⁃Gn蛋白(南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司);37 μm 过滤器(STEMCELL Technologies 公司,加拿大);候选抗体原核质粒(上海生工生物工程股份有限公司);恢复期患者血液样本收集自南京医科大学第一附属医院。患者基本信息和临床血液样本的获取获得了南京医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会的许可(2022⁃SR⁃366)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 病毒抗原NP的表达

  • 将NP⁃pET28a质粒转染至BL21感受态细胞中,挑取单克隆菌落进行扩增培养与诱导,超声破碎后对上清中的蛋白通过Ni2+ 亲和层析柱梯度纯化获得 DBV⁃NP蛋白。

  • 1.2.2 SFTS恢复期患者血液样本的收集

  • SFTS恢复期患者的诊断标准如下[12-14]:①血液中 DBV 载量<4.96×103 拷贝/mL,确定为 DBV⁃RNA 转阴性;②体温逐渐下降至恢复正常且稳定 3 d 以上;③血小板(platelet,PLT)和白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数逐渐升高;④血生化酶学指标如丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)逐渐下降;⑤其他中毒症状、体征逐渐改善或消失。

  • 1.2.3 患者血浆抗体效价检测

  • 分别将DBV⁃Gn 和DBV⁃NP 作为ELISA 包被抗原,封闭后加入起始稀释度为1∶50的恢复期患者血浆,并依次进行梯度稀释,均设3个复孔,同时设空白对照孔与正常人血浆对照孔。二抗加入1∶2 000 稀释的 Anti⁃Human IgG⁃Fc。酶标仪在波长 450 nm 处测定吸光度值。

  • 1.2.4 患者血样中PBMC的提取

  • 全血离心后将血细胞与PBS按1∶1比例混合均匀,缓慢轻柔地加入1.5倍淋巴细胞分离液中,缓升缓降 2 000 r/min 离心 20 min,吸取上层和中层分界处液面的细胞层并加入适量PBS进行离心,加5 mL 红细胞裂解液重悬,孵育 5~10 min 后,用适量 PBS 将细胞洗涤2~3次获得PBMC。

  • 1.2.5 B细胞磁珠富集

  • 将 PBMC 重悬于浓度为 0.1 mg/mL 的 DNase 溶液,室温孵育15 min裂解完成后用37 μm过滤器过滤细胞,重悬于1 mL缓冲液。在细胞中加入50 μL Cocktail 工作液,轻柔混匀室温孵育10 min,接着在细胞中加入预先 30 s 涡旋混匀的磁珠 75 μL,混匀后室温孵育5 min。加缓冲液将体积定容至2.5 mL,去掉管盖放入磁力架中,室温孵育5 min,连同磁力架自然倒置2~3 s,富集PBMC中的B细胞。

  • 1.2.6 流式细胞仪分选Gn特异性单个B细胞

  • 将磁珠富集的 B 细胞重悬于 100 μL 流式缓冲液,按 1∶100 的比例加入 CD19⁃APC 抗体、IgG⁃BV 421TM抗体、IgM⁃BV 605TM抗体、CD27⁃APC/Cyanine7 抗体和 Gn⁃FITC 抗原,冰上避光孵育 30 min。孵育结束后用 200~300 μL PBS 重悬细胞,用于流式分选,将 DBV⁃Gn 特异性单个 B 细胞分选到含有裂解液的96孔板中,冰上放置待用。

  • 1.2.7 单个B细胞的BCR测序

  • 将分选到的单个 B 细胞经反转录和 PCR 扩增后,对cDNA产物进行3轮BCR富集并用磁珠纯化,经过片段化、接头连接、扩增和片段分选后,获得可测序的文库进行测序,得到抗体序列。

  • 1.2.8 包涵体的复性与蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot) 鉴定

  • 将分析后的抗体序列委托上海生工生物工程有限公司进行基因合成并装载至载体 pET28a,转染至BL21感受态细胞中进行原核表达。超声破碎后对包涵体进行梯度透析复性,12% SDS⁃PAGE电泳鉴定目的蛋白条带大小,Western blot 检测用 6×His⁃Tag⁃HRP鉴定目的蛋白His标签。

  • 1.2.9 抗体结合活性分析

  • DBV经56℃水浴灭活30 min后,在生物安全柜中用DMEM维持培养基将DBV稀释至1×106 TCID50/ mL 作为 ELISA 包被抗原,封闭后加入初始浓度为 50 μg/mL 的待测抗体,二抗加入 1∶5 000 稀释的 6×His⁃Tag⁃HRP,用酶标仪于450 nm处测定吸光度值。

  • 1.2.10 抗体中和活性分析

  • 于 96 孔板培养 Vero 贴壁细胞 24 h 以上备用,细胞数量 1×104 个/mL 左右。用 DMEM 维持培养基将抗体稀释到 300 μg/mL,按照 1∶1 比例加入 DBV (1×103 TCID50/mL)。同时设病毒对照、阴性对照和空白对照,均设 4 个复孔,于 37℃中和 1 h。吸去 96 孔板中的细胞培养基,每孔分别加入抗体和病毒混合液 200 μL,孵育 2 h 弃去上清,加入 100 μL DMEM维持培养基培养24 h,于-80℃反复冻融3次裂解细胞,离心取培养基上清提取DBV核酸,通过荧光定量PCR测得DBV病毒滴度。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 SFTS恢复期患者血液样本收集

  • 2022 年 6 月—2023 年 11 月在南京医科大学附属第一医院感染科收集的25例恢复期患者血液样本被纳入研究。恢复期患者的诊断标准符合发热伴血小板减少综合征诊疗共识[12],所有恢复期患者血液中 DBV 载量<4.96×103 拷贝/mL 且体温恢复稳定3 d以上,样本5、6、19号的PLT与正常值相比较低,还处于恢复阶段,其余样本的PLT和WBC数量基本都符合标准(表1)。

  • 表1 SFTS恢复期患者基本信息

  • Table1 Basic information of SFTS recovery patients

  • The negative standard of DBV viral load:<4.96×103 copies/mL;the standard value of PLT:(125-350)×109 /L;the standard value of WBC:(3.50-9.50)× 109 /L;the standard value of ALT:9.0-50.0 U/L;the standard value of AST:0-45.0 U/L;the standard value of LDH:120-250 U/L;the standard value of CK:40-200 U/L.

  • 2.2 DBV抗原表达

  • 为获得活性稳定的 DBV⁃Gn 蛋白,本课题组将 Gn原始序列进行评估后去除信号肽和跨膜区片段,获得优化后序列共 458 个氨基酸。将序列基因合成并克隆到真核表达载体内,利用 CHO 细胞进行真核表达,最后经纯化获得Gn蛋白,目的条带大小 55 kDa左右(图1A)。NP蛋白条带为35 kDa左右,超声破碎后在上清和沉淀中均有表达,使用Ni2+ 亲和离子层析柱纯化上清获得NP蛋白(图1B)。

  • 2.3 SFTS恢复期患者血浆抗体检测

  • 以 1∶50 稀释的待测恢复期患者血浆为一抗, Anti⁃Human IgG⁃Fc片段为二抗,排除正常人血浆和 DBV抗原的非特异性结合,发现血浆中抗体与抗原 DBV⁃Gn和DBV⁃NP均具有结合能力(图2A、B)。根据450 nm处的吸光度值显示血浆中抗体与DBV⁃Gn 的结合能力高于DBV⁃NP。根据血浆稀释倍数发现血浆中DBV⁃Gn抗体的滴度明显高于DBV⁃NP抗体,不同患者血浆的DBV⁃Gn 抗体稀释倍数差异较大,最低为1∶800,最高为1∶6 400(图2C)。

  • 图1 DBV抗原表达鉴定

  • Figure1 Expression identification of DBV antigen

  • 2.4 流式分选Gn特异性单个B细胞

  • 所有25例血液样本中,21号样本的DBV⁃Gn和DBV⁃NP的抗体滴度都较高,但与DBV⁃Gn的结合能力不如其他样本。综合血浆抗体效价和细胞活性,选取 2 号和 10 号样本进行单个 B 细胞分离和 BCR 测序。

  • 图2 SFTS恢复期患者血浆抗体检测

  • Figure2 Detection of plasma antibodies in SFTS recovery patients

  • CD19⁃APC抗体用于标记B细胞,IgM⁃BV 605TM 抗体与IgG⁃BV 421TM抗体用于分选出能够分泌IgM 和 IgG 的 B 细胞。通过 CD27⁃APC/Cyanine7 抗体和 Gn⁃FITC抗体,间接分选出能与DBV⁃Gn结合的记忆 B细胞。与健康志愿者流式细胞仪分析结果相比, SFTS恢复期患者PBMC中能够分选出与DBV⁃Gn特异结合的B细胞。

  • 2号样本分离得到的PBMC数量为1.6×107 个/mL,磁珠富集 B 细胞数量为 5.65×105 个/mL,细胞活性 76%,流式检测显示磁珠富集后 B 细胞比例为 99.4%,分泌 IgG 抗体的 B 细胞比例为 14.1%,与 Gn⁃FITC结合的B细胞比例为1.21%。

  • 10号样本流式检测显示磁珠富集后 B 细胞比例为 77.4%,分泌 IgG 抗体的 B 细胞比例为 22.5%,与 Gn ⁃FITC 结合的 B 细胞比例为 0.11% (图3)。

  • 2.5 单个B细胞的BCR测序

  • 流式细胞术共分选了21个Gn特异性单个B细胞和8个正常人单个B细胞,进行BCR富集和测序 (图4),获得9个重链序列、7个κ轻链序列和4个λ轻链序列。结果显示有效V⁃J配对细胞数共10个,其中第 2 组 8 个单个 B 细胞的重、轻链测序结果最好 (表2)。将序列进行筛选后,通过Linker序列连接抗体重链与轻链可变区序列,获得6个重组单链抗体。

  • 图3 流式细胞仪分选Gn特异性单个B细胞

  • Figure3 Flow cytometry separation of Gn specific single B cells

  • 图4 BCR测序富集

  • Figure4 BCR sequencing enrichment

  • 表2 BCR测序统计

  • Table2 BCR sequencing statistics

  • 2.6 抗体表达与Western blot鉴定

  • 将序列分析重组后获得6个单链抗体,原核表达并用Ni2+ 亲和离子层析柱纯化出目的条带,均为包涵体蛋白,条带为 30 kDa 左右。通过脲素透析均复性成功。抗体 HL13 电泳结果显示在 40 kDa 处仍有未除去的杂蛋白,纯化过程还需进一步优化 (图5A)。

  • 因抗体的原核载体上具有6×His序列,取500 ng 蛋白经12% SDS⁃PAGE电泳之后用6×His⁃Tag 抗体对目的蛋白进行Western blot鉴定,发现6个抗体在 30~35 kDa处均有明显单一的条带(图5B),证明抗体均表达成功。

  • 2.7 抗体与DBV结合活性分析

  • 候选抗体为一抗,6×His⁃Tag⁃HRP 为二抗。与空白对照和pET28a空载阴性对照相比,发现6个候选抗体对DBV均具有良好的结合活性(图6),当抗体浓度为50 μg/mL时,酶标仪450 nm处的吸光度值在1.5左右,根据吸光度值以及稀释倍数判断,抗体 HK11与DBV的结合能力较强,抗体滴度也较高。

  • 2.8 抗体与DBV中和活性分析

  • 6个候选抗体均表现出与 DBV 的结合能力,因此将所有抗体进行细胞水平的体外病毒中和实验。由荧光定量 PCR 扩增图谱可见,HK11 抗体组的循环数(cycle threshold,Ct)大于病毒对照组 (图7A),则说明HK11抗体组病毒滴度小于病毒对照组。分析各抗体组Ct值和病毒数量发现,当初始病毒滴度为1×103 TCID50/mL时,6个抗体对DBV均具有中和作用,抗体浓度为 300 μg/mL 时,抗体HK11 对 DBV 的抑制率达到 83.1%(图7B),其次为抗体 HK27,同一浓度时抑制率为 79.4%。研究发现,与DBV结合活性最高的抗体HK11中和活性也最为显著。

  • 图5 抗体表达与鉴定

  • Figure5 Expression and identification of antibodies

  • 图6 候选抗体的DBV结合能力分析

  • Figure6 Analysis of the binding ability between candidate antibodies and DBV

  • 图7 候选抗体的DBV中和能力分析

  • Figure7 Analysis of DBV neutralizing ability of candidate antibodies

  • 3 讨论

  • DBV 是重要的蜱虫传播的病原体之一[15], 2012 年首次报告了通过接触患者血液导致的DBV 人际传播案例[16],提示SFTS确诊病例可能成为传染源,其携带的病毒可能通过感染者血液、携带病毒的血液分泌物,甚至呼吸道等途径在人群中传播,从而出现聚集性病例[17-20]。由于其高致死率和广泛的流行性,SFTS被世界卫生组织列为国家法定传染病之一。

  • 有研究通过回访发现SFTS康复患者体内具有中和抗体[21]。对SFTS患者不同时期的血清进行中和实验,发现恢复期患者血清内抗体已经具有中和活性[22]。早在2013年已经有研究以SFTS康复患者的PBMC为样本构建了组合人源化抗体库[23],从该文库产生的单链可变区片段(single⁃chain fragment variable,scFv)中发现高中和活性的单克隆抗体 Mab4⁃5。Kim等[24] 以SFTS恢复期患者建立了噬菌体展示抗体库,成功从中筛选到了抗Gn/Gc糖蛋白抗体 Ab10,该抗体对小鼠感染DBV模型有显著的治疗效果,大约80%的小鼠和宿主细胞受到了有效保护。这些研究证明从感染DBV的恢复期患者血液中获取高效的中和抗体是治疗DBV的重要手段之一。

  • DBV属于白蛉纤细病毒科中的班达病毒属[14],是具有单股负链RNA的病毒,基因组包含L、M和S 3个基因片段。其中M片段编码的糖蛋白Gn和Gc 在病毒颗粒结构的形成和黏附宿主细胞中起关键作用,有研究通过表位分析证明 DBV⁃Gn 具有中和抗原表位,是开发抗病毒抗体和疫苗的主要靶标[25]。同样S片段编码的核衣壳蛋白NP,是DBV 中最丰富且高度保守的蛋白,广泛存在于病毒颗粒以及被感染细胞中,可作为一种有用的DBV感染诊断标志物[26]。因此本研究将 DBV 抗原 Gn 与 NP 作为评价恢复期样本血浆中抗体效价的标准,发现恢复期血浆与DBV⁃Gn的结合能力较高且DBV⁃Gn的抗体滴度较高,于是利用Gn蛋白的FITC标记经流式分选出的Gn特异性B细胞进行后续研究。

  • 在 B 淋巴细胞表面表达的 BCR 能够特异性结合抗原,介导适应性体液免疫应答[27]。本研究从 SFTS 恢复期患者血液中分离得到单个 B 细胞进行 BCR 测序,通过多重 PCR 富集抗体重、轻链可变区基因,可直接快速得到特异性抗体可变区序列,重、轻链天然配对且无需进行人源化改造,稳定性更强,无需免疫动物和培养噬菌体等,极大地减少了抗体药物的研发时间。scFv 是由重链可变区和轻链可变区通过 linker 序列连接形成的单链蛋白,本研究在 scFv 序列 C 端加了 His⁃tag,然后利用 Ni2+ 亲和层析柱对单链抗体进行纯化。通过对包涵体进行脲素梯度复性,6 个抗体复性得率在 2%~20%左右。为了降低透析复性对蛋白空间构象和活性造成的影响,后续将进行真核载体的构建以及全分子抗体的表达,进一步验证抗体功能。

  • DBV感染宿主可能会靶向损伤B细胞,导致适应性免疫应答失调[28-29],为本研究获取特异性B细胞和抗体序列增加了难度。本研究也存在一些不足,如血液样本均来自 SFTS 恢复期患者,症状有所改善,但是血常规检查等未完全达到康复的标准,导致分选到的特异性 B 细胞较少,在此研究基础上,应该进行康复患者的回访与康复样本血液的采集。

  • 本研究共收集 25 例 SFTS 恢复期患者血液样本,并以排除 SFTS 诊断的健康志愿者血液样本作为阴性对照。经 ELISA 检测发现血浆中抗体与 DBV⁃Gn 蛋白结合活性较高,使用 CD19⁃APC 抗体、IgG⁃BV 421TM抗体、CD27⁃APC/Cyanine7 抗体和 Gn⁃FITC 抗原对磁珠富集到的 B 细胞进行孵育,流式分选出Gn特异性单个B细胞进行BCR测序,通过原核表达共获得6个单链抗体,用Western blot检测抗体序列His⁃tag,并利用6×His⁃tag⁃HRP经ELISA检测抗体与DBV的结合活性,结果显示抗体与DBV均具有结合能力,体外病毒中和实验发现抗体 HK11 对DBV有较好的中和作用,为后续病原体诊断以及全人源抗体药物的制备奠定了技术基础。

  • 参考文献

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    • [2] KUHN J H,ADKINS S,AGWANDA B R,et al.2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota(Riboviria:Orthornavirae),including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales[J].Arch Virol,2021,166(12):3513-3566

    • [3] SONG H,ZOU S,HUANG Y,et al.The pathogenic and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocyto⁃ penia syndrome patients with co⁃infections[J].Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2023,13:1298050

    • [4] XU Y,SHAO M,LIU N,et al.Clinical feature of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)⁃associated encephalitis/encephalopathy:a retrospective study[J].BMC Infect Dis,2021,21(1):904

    • [5] WANG M,HUANG P,LIU W,et al.Risk factors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome combined with central neurological complications:a five ⁃year retrospec⁃ tive case ⁃ control study[J].Front Microbiol,2022,13:1033946

    • [6] GONG L,ZHANG L,WU J,et al.Clinical progress and risk factors for death from severe fever with thrombocyto⁃ penia syndrome:a multihospital retrospective investiga⁃ tion in Anhui,China[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2021,104(4):1425-1431

    • [7] WANG Y,SONG Z,WEI X,et al.Clinical laboratory parameters and fatality of severe fever with thrombocyto⁃ penia syndrome patients:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2022,16(6):e0010489

    • [8] QIAN F,ZHOU W,LIU Y,et al.High C⁃reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio predicts mortality outcomes of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome:a multicenter study in China[J].J Med Virol,2023,95(2):e28546

    • [9] CHEN Q,YANG D,ZHANG Y,et al.Transmission and mortality risk assessment of severe fever with thrombocy⁃ topenia syndrome in China:results from 11 ⁃ years’ study[J].Infect Dis Poverty,2022,11(1):93

    • [10] CASEL M A,PARK S J,CHOI Y K.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus:emerging novel phlebo⁃ virus and their control strategy[J].Exp Mol Med,2021,53(5):713-722

    • [11] LI Z,ZHANG Z,CHEN C.Novel nomograms to predict risk and prognosis in hospitalized patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome[J].Front Med(Lausanne),2023,10:1321490

    • [12] 中华医学会感染病学分会.发热伴血小板减少综合征诊疗共识[J].中华传染病杂志,2022,40(12):711-721

    • [13] 袁义美,崔宁,袁春.发热伴血小板减少综合征命名、临床分期及分型的建议[J].中华传染病杂志,2016,34(1):57-58

    • [14] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.关于印发鼠疫等传染病诊疗方案(2023 年版)的通知——发热伴血小板减少综合征诊疗方案(2023 年版)[EB/OL].(2023-12-28)[2024-01-03].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/ylyjs/pqt/202312/75cfff021a484d0c9c200f85f2bf746b.ht⁃ ml

    • [15] 马静阁,刘宁,刘紫嫣,等.我国致病性蜱媒病毒流行现状[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2023,35(4):325-330

    • [16] TANG X,WU W,WANG H,et al.Human ⁃ to ⁃ human transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syn⁃ drome bunyavirus through contact with infectious blood[J].J Infect Dis,2013,207(5):736-739

    • [17] JUNG I Y,CHOI W,KIM J,et al.Nosocomial person⁃to⁃ person transmission of severe fever with thrombocytope⁃ nia syndrome[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2019,25(5):633.e1-633.e4

    • [18] FANG X,HU J,PENG Z,et al.Epidemiological and clini⁃ cal characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus human ⁃to ⁃ human transmission[J].PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2021,15(4):e0009037

    • [19] 杨鑫,武永祥,冷昱,等.两起发热伴血小板减少综合征聚集性疫情流行病学及病原学分析[J].遗传,2023,45(11):1062-1073

    • [20] WEN Y,FANG Y,CAO F,et al.A person⁃to⁃person trans⁃ mission cluster of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syn⁃ drome characterized by mixed viral infections with famil⁃ ial and nosocomial clustering[J].Heliyon,2024,10(2):e24502

    • [21] HUANG Y T,ZHAO L,WEN H L,et al.Neutralizing anti⁃ bodies to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus 4 years after hospitalization,China[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2016,22(11):1985-1987

    • [22] 曹卫友,王欣,刘硕,等.发热伴血小板减少综合征患者血清内抗体IgG中和活性及其影响因素分析[J].病毒学报,2022,38(1):123-128

    • [23] GUO X,ZHANG L,ZHANG W,et al.Human antibody neutralizes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,an emerging hemorrhagic Fever virus[J].Clin Vaccine Immunol,2013,20(9):1426-1432

    • [24] KIM K H,KIM J,KO M,et al.An anti ⁃Gn glycoprotein antibody from a convalescent patient potently inhibits the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus[J].PLoS Pathog,2019,15(2):e1007375

    • [25] MOMING A,SHI S,SHEN S,et al.Fine mapping epitope on glycoprotein⁃Gn from severe fever with thrombocytope⁃ nia syndrome virus[J].PLoS One,2021,16(3):e0248005

    • [26] LEE K,CHOI M J,CHO M H,et al.Antibody production and characterization of the nucleoprotein of sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)for effec⁃ tive diagnosis of SFTSV[J].Virol J,2023,20(1):206

    • [27] 李清群,杨卓轩,石彬.B 细胞受体(BCR)抗原特异性的研究进展[J].细胞与分子免疫学杂志,2023,39(7):663-670

    • [28] SUZUKI T,SATO Y,SANO K,et al.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus targets B cells in lethal human infections[J].J Clin Invest,2020,130(2):799-812

    • [29] PARK A,PARK S J,JUNG K L,et al.Molecular signa⁃ tures of inflammatory profile and B⁃cell function in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome[J].mBio,2021,12(1):e02583-e025820

  • 参考文献

    • [1] YU X J,LIANG M F,ZHANG S Y,et al.Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China[J].N Engl J Med,2011,364(16):1523-1532

    • [2] KUHN J H,ADKINS S,AGWANDA B R,et al.2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota(Riboviria:Orthornavirae),including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales[J].Arch Virol,2021,166(12):3513-3566

    • [3] SONG H,ZOU S,HUANG Y,et al.The pathogenic and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocyto⁃ penia syndrome patients with co⁃infections[J].Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2023,13:1298050

    • [4] XU Y,SHAO M,LIU N,et al.Clinical feature of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)⁃associated encephalitis/encephalopathy:a retrospective study[J].BMC Infect Dis,2021,21(1):904

    • [5] WANG M,HUANG P,LIU W,et al.Risk factors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome combined with central neurological complications:a five ⁃year retrospec⁃ tive case ⁃ control study[J].Front Microbiol,2022,13:1033946

    • [6] GONG L,ZHANG L,WU J,et al.Clinical progress and risk factors for death from severe fever with thrombocyto⁃ penia syndrome:a multihospital retrospective investiga⁃ tion in Anhui,China[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2021,104(4):1425-1431

    • [7] WANG Y,SONG Z,WEI X,et al.Clinical laboratory parameters and fatality of severe fever with thrombocyto⁃ penia syndrome patients:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2022,16(6):e0010489

    • [8] QIAN F,ZHOU W,LIU Y,et al.High C⁃reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio predicts mortality outcomes of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome:a multicenter study in China[J].J Med Virol,2023,95(2):e28546

    • [9] CHEN Q,YANG D,ZHANG Y,et al.Transmission and mortality risk assessment of severe fever with thrombocy⁃ topenia syndrome in China:results from 11 ⁃ years’ study[J].Infect Dis Poverty,2022,11(1):93

    • [10] CASEL M A,PARK S J,CHOI Y K.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus:emerging novel phlebo⁃ virus and their control strategy[J].Exp Mol Med,2021,53(5):713-722

    • [11] LI Z,ZHANG Z,CHEN C.Novel nomograms to predict risk and prognosis in hospitalized patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome[J].Front Med(Lausanne),2023,10:1321490

    • [12] 中华医学会感染病学分会.发热伴血小板减少综合征诊疗共识[J].中华传染病杂志,2022,40(12):711-721

    • [13] 袁义美,崔宁,袁春.发热伴血小板减少综合征命名、临床分期及分型的建议[J].中华传染病杂志,2016,34(1):57-58

    • [14] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.关于印发鼠疫等传染病诊疗方案(2023 年版)的通知——发热伴血小板减少综合征诊疗方案(2023 年版)[EB/OL].(2023-12-28)[2024-01-03].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/ylyjs/pqt/202312/75cfff021a484d0c9c200f85f2bf746b.ht⁃ ml

    • [15] 马静阁,刘宁,刘紫嫣,等.我国致病性蜱媒病毒流行现状[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2023,35(4):325-330

    • [16] TANG X,WU W,WANG H,et al.Human ⁃ to ⁃ human transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syn⁃ drome bunyavirus through contact with infectious blood[J].J Infect Dis,2013,207(5):736-739

    • [17] JUNG I Y,CHOI W,KIM J,et al.Nosocomial person⁃to⁃ person transmission of severe fever with thrombocytope⁃ nia syndrome[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2019,25(5):633.e1-633.e4

    • [18] FANG X,HU J,PENG Z,et al.Epidemiological and clini⁃ cal characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus human ⁃to ⁃ human transmission[J].PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2021,15(4):e0009037

    • [19] 杨鑫,武永祥,冷昱,等.两起发热伴血小板减少综合征聚集性疫情流行病学及病原学分析[J].遗传,2023,45(11):1062-1073

    • [20] WEN Y,FANG Y,CAO F,et al.A person⁃to⁃person trans⁃ mission cluster of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syn⁃ drome characterized by mixed viral infections with famil⁃ ial and nosocomial clustering[J].Heliyon,2024,10(2):e24502

    • [21] HUANG Y T,ZHAO L,WEN H L,et al.Neutralizing anti⁃ bodies to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus 4 years after hospitalization,China[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2016,22(11):1985-1987

    • [22] 曹卫友,王欣,刘硕,等.发热伴血小板减少综合征患者血清内抗体IgG中和活性及其影响因素分析[J].病毒学报,2022,38(1):123-128

    • [23] GUO X,ZHANG L,ZHANG W,et al.Human antibody neutralizes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,an emerging hemorrhagic Fever virus[J].Clin Vaccine Immunol,2013,20(9):1426-1432

    • [24] KIM K H,KIM J,KO M,et al.An anti ⁃Gn glycoprotein antibody from a convalescent patient potently inhibits the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus[J].PLoS Pathog,2019,15(2):e1007375

    • [25] MOMING A,SHI S,SHEN S,et al.Fine mapping epitope on glycoprotein⁃Gn from severe fever with thrombocytope⁃ nia syndrome virus[J].PLoS One,2021,16(3):e0248005

    • [26] LEE K,CHOI M J,CHO M H,et al.Antibody production and characterization of the nucleoprotein of sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)for effec⁃ tive diagnosis of SFTSV[J].Virol J,2023,20(1):206

    • [27] 李清群,杨卓轩,石彬.B 细胞受体(BCR)抗原特异性的研究进展[J].细胞与分子免疫学杂志,2023,39(7):663-670

    • [28] SUZUKI T,SATO Y,SANO K,et al.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus targets B cells in lethal human infections[J].J Clin Invest,2020,130(2):799-812

    • [29] PARK A,PARK S J,JUNG K L,et al.Molecular signa⁃ tures of inflammatory profile and B⁃cell function in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome[J].mBio,2021,12(1):e02583-e025820