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通讯作者:

顾慧媛,E-mail: guhuiyuan@suda.edu.cn

中图分类号:R576

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2024)12-1690-07

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNSN231053

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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 15
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参考文献 16
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目录contents

    摘要

    目的:评估中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pan- creatitis,ABP)严重程度和胰腺坏死(pancreatic necrosis,PN)的预测价值。方法:纳入290例ABP患者并在急性胰腺炎发作24 h 内收集血液样本用于血常规及相关生化指标检测。通过受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析确定 NLR预测重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)和PN的最佳临界值。采用不同浓度牛磺胆酸钠溶液诱导大鼠ABP模型,并在造模后1、3、5、7、14 d收集血液和胰腺组织,比较各组的NLR。结果:ROC曲线分析显示NLR对SAP具有预测性能[曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC):0.944,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.915~0.973,P < 0.001],最佳临界值为13.38 (灵敏度80.0%、特异度83.2%)。NLR对PN也有较好的预测价值,AUC为0.910(95%CI:0.861~0.958,P < 0.001),诊断的最佳临界值为9.265(灵敏度97.1%、特异度72.7%)。在大鼠ABP模型中,NLR在AP发病早期即可升高,并与AP和PN的严重程度相关。结论:在ABP发病后的24 h内,NLR可以作为早期预测其严重程度及 PN的有力指标。

    Abstract

    Objective:This study aimed to assess the value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in predicting the severity of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP)and pancreatic necrosis(PN). Methods:A total of 290 ABP patients were included in this study. The blood samples were collected for examination of blood routine and related biochemical indicators within 24 hours after onset of acute pancreatitis. The optimal cut-off value for NLR to predict severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)and PN was determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis. ABP model was induced by taurocholic acid sodium in rats,and the blood and pancreatic tissue were collected in 1,3,5,7,14 days after modeling to compare the NLR among groups. Results:ROC curve showed that NLR had a predictive performance for SAP[area under the curve(AUC):0.944,95%CI:0.915-0.973,P < 0.001],the optimal cut-off from ROC curve was 13.38(sensitivity:80.0%;specificity:83.2%). For the prediction of PN,the AUC of NLR was 0.910(95%CI:0.861-0.958, P < 0.001),the cut-off value was 9.265(sensitivity:97.1%;specificity:72.7%). In ABP rats,NLR increases in the early stages of AP and is correlated with the severity of AP and PN. Conclusion:Within 24 h after the onset of ABP,NLR can be used as a powerful for early prediction of its severity and PN.

  • 急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)可由多种原因引起,轻症呈自限性,经过适当的支持治疗可痊愈,但重症胰腺炎的病死率很高。在我国,胆石症是引发AP最主要的病因,由胆石症引起的AP称为急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)[1-3],病死率为 3%~19%[4]。AP 患者的预后及病死率与是否发生胰腺坏死(pancreatic necrosis,PN)密切相关[5]。目前,增强CT 被认为是确认是否存在PN 的 “金标准”[6]。由于PN通常在AP发病后7 d左右才能在增强CT上显示,在AP发病早期判断是否会发生PN存在困难[7-8]。作为可以评估炎症反应的廉价且简便可行的标志物,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值 (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)与多种疾病的严重程度和不良后果密切相关[9-10]。Wang等[11] 评估了NLR预测高甘油三酯血症引起的AP严重性的能力,发现NLR是一种性价比高、易于使用的指标,具有很大的潜力。本研究尝试通过临床研究和动物实验评估NLR早期预测ABP严重程度和PN的价值。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 回顾性收集 2019 年 1 月—2020 年 12 月 290 例收治于苏州大学附属第一医院消化内科、急诊内科和重症监护室的ABP患者。符合以下3个特征中的 2个诊断为AP:①突发上腹部疼痛(持续性且剧烈,常放射至背部);②血清淀粉酶和/或脂肪酶≥正常值上限的3倍;③有AP的典型影像学表现。ABP为超声、CT、MRCP 或 ERCP 等检查证实存在胆道结石的AP患者[5]。排除标准:①既往有胰腺疾病史,如 AP、慢性胰腺炎和胰腺癌;②慢性心脏和肺疾病;③慢性肝肾功能衰竭;④恶性肿瘤病史慢性肝功能障碍;⑤年龄<18岁;⑥既往有慢性炎症病史; ⑦近期使用抗生素、非甾体抗炎药、糖皮质激素和其他免疫抑制剂。研究经医院伦理委员会批准 (2024伦研批第470号),所有患者均签署书面知情同意书。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 临床资料收集

  • 入组患者数据包括详细的人口统计、临床和实验室数据以及增强CT的结果。血液样本在AP发作后 24 h 内采集。NLR 为绝对中性粒细胞计数与绝对淋巴细胞计数的比值。AP 严重程度床边指数 (bedside index of acute pancreatitis severity,BISAP) 和急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation scoring system, APACHEⅡ)评分在入院后24 h内获得,Ranson评分在入院后48 h内获得。

  • 1.2.2 AP严重程度和PN

  • AP 分为 3 个严重程度等级:轻度急性胰腺炎 (mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)、中度重症急性胰腺炎(moderate severe acute pancreatitis,MSAP)和重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)。MAP 没有器官衰竭和局部或全身并发症。MSAP存在多器官衰竭,并在48 h内缓解。如果多器官衰竭持续超过 48 h 则被归类为 SAP。PN 由腹部增强 CT 确认。纳入的病例根据严重程度不同,分为MAP组、 MSAP 组和 SAP 组,并且记录发病第 1 天时的中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、血清 C 反应蛋白 (C-reactive protein,CRP)、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、钙浓度、血糖、总胆红素(total bilirubin,T-Bil)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、白蛋白和肌酐等。

  • 1.2.3 动物实验

  • 雄性SD大鼠(体重200~250 g)共120只用于本实验。根据文献描述采用牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰管注射的方式诱导坏死性 AP[12]。实验 1:牛磺胆酸钠 (Sigma-Aldrich 公司,美国)浓度为 5%。在诱导 AP 后的1、3、5、7、14 d收集血液和胰腺组织,并通过血细胞分析仪(Nihon Kohden 公司,日本)检测中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数。由于在病程不同时间点存在大鼠死亡,此时追加造模,使得所取不同时间点的造模大鼠数目均为 10 例。对照组大鼠灌注生理盐水(n=10)。实验2:将大鼠随机分为6组,每组 10只。分别给予不同浓度的牛磺胆酸钠,浓度为0、 1%、2%、3%、4%、5%。在诱导AP 后的72 h内评估大鼠的死亡率、PN程度及NLR。胰腺组织用10%福尔马林固定后包埋在石蜡中,并用苏木精和伊红染色。所有组织标本都在光镜下以盲法进行组织学评估。动物实验经医院伦理委员会批准(2023伦研批第282号)。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 使用 SPSS 18.0 进行统计学分析。采用 Kol-mogorv-Sminrov 法进行定量资料的正态性检验,符合正态分布的数值变量以均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,分类变量以绝对频率或相对频率表示。对于服从近似正态分布的计量资料,两组间比较采用两独立样本t检验,多组间比较使用方差分析,组间的两两比较则依据研究目的使用 SNK 检验。分类变量采用χ2 检验进行评估。不符合正态分布的资料用中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示,组间比较采用非参数检验。受试者工作特征(receiver operating char-acteristic,ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)用于描述参数的预测作用。P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 患者特征

  • 本研究共纳入 290 例患者,其中 MAP 217 例 (74.83%),MSAP 68 例(23.45%),SAP 15 例 (5.17%)。表1总结了AP患者的特征。

  • 表1 纳入患者的临床特征

  • Table1 Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients

  • Compared with the MAP group,* P <0.05.

  • 2.2 NLR对AP严重程度的预测价值

  • MAP、MSAP和SAP患者的中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、NLR 见图1。ROC 曲线分析生成 NLR 预测SAP的cut-off值,显示NLR对SAP具有预测价值(AUC:0.823,SE:0.056,95% CI:0.713~0.934,P <0.001)。NLR的cut-off值为13.38(灵敏度80.0%、特异度 83.2%)。此外,ROC 曲线分析还显示 BISAP、 APACHEⅡ、Ranson和CRP均对SAP具有预测价值。根据各自的AUC,比较每个指标对SAP的预测价值如下:Ranson>APACHEⅡ>BISAP>NLR>CRP(表2)。

  • 图1 MAP、MSAP和SAP患者中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数和NLR的比较

  • Figure1 Comparison of neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,and NLR among patients with MAP,MSAP,or SAP

  • 表2 SAP的预测因素比较

  • Table2 Comparison of predictive factors for SAP

  • 2.3 NLR对PN的预测价值

  • 伴有PN的患者(PN组)中性粒细胞计数[(14.96± 3.31)×109 个/L]明显高于无 PN 的患者(Non-PN 组) [(8.87±4.01)×109 个/L]。伴有PN的患者淋巴细胞计数为(0.83±0.50)×109 个/L,而无PN的患者为(1.29± 0.55)×109 个/L。与无PN的患者相比,伴有PN的患者NLR 明显更高(23.66±14.53 vs.8.34±7.16,图2)。 NLR 预测 PN 的 AUC 为 0.910(95%CI:0.861~0.958, P <0.001),最佳Cut-off值为9.26,灵敏度为97.1%,特异度为72.7%。BISAP、APACHEⅡ和Ranson也对 PN有预测价值。根据AUC,各指标对SAP的预测价值比较如下:NLR>APACHEⅡ>Ranson>BISAP(表3)。

  • 图2 PN组与Non-PN组中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数和NLR的比较

  • Figure2 Comparison of neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,and NLR between PN and Non-PN groups

  • 表3 PN的预测因素比较

  • Table3 Comparison of predictive factors for pancreatic necrosis

  • 2.4 动物模型中NLR的变化趋势

  • 在动物实验 1 中,造模后第 1 天时可观察到腺细胞水肿和空泡形成。随着时间的推移,坏死细胞的数量逐渐增加,PN的严重程度在AP发作后第 3 天达到顶峰,表现为腺细胞大量丢失和严重坏死。第5天和第7天可观察到腺再生和PN的恢复,第 14天胰腺组织逐步恢复到接近正常。在此过程中对大鼠外周血NLR进行了连续测量,发现NLR在第1天显著增加,第3天达到顶峰,然后略有下降。NLR显著升高的时间(第1天)明显早于PN(第3天)(图3)。

  • 在动物实验2中,0组和1%组无动物死亡,其余各浓度组的死亡率分别为:2%组20%(2/10);3%组 40%(4/10);4%组50%(5/10);5%组60%(6/10)。大多数大鼠在AP发作后48 h内死亡。随着牛磺胆酸浓度的增加,PN的范围也随之增大。1%组和2%组的胰腺组织病理学检查显示轻度损伤:局灶性间质水肿和有限的炎细胞浸润,腺泡细胞和导管细胞坏死不明显。在3%组、4%组和5%组中,出现大量腺泡坏死、脂肪坏死、严重出血和管状复合体。造模后第1天的NLR与第3天的胰腺组织坏死程度的变化趋势类似(图4)。

  • 3 讨论

  • ABP在美国和西欧的AP病例中占35%~60%[1],在中国,AP患者中ABP的发病率为58.7%。大多数病例轻微,在支持治疗后短期内可缓解。然而,约 25%的病例会发展为严重的坏死性胰腺炎[2-3]。AP 患者的预后取决于PN的严重程度。PN可为无菌性或感染性,其中感染性 PN 被认为是患者死亡的一个独立风险因素[13-14]。因此,早期预测PN对及早采用预防性干预措施非常重要。目前,PN 是通过CT 增强扫描来证实的。根据CT上有无PN的表现,AP 被分为间质性和坏死性胰腺炎[15]。PN在发病数天内发展,并在疾病发生1周后才可通过CT增强扫描观察到胰腺实质的非增强区域[58]。因此,早期预测 PN的发生和范围,需要更为简单实用的参数。

  • 图3 牛磺胆酸钠诱导的大鼠AP发病过程中NLR和PN面积的连续变化(HE染色,×100)

  • Figure3 Continuous changes of NLR and pancreatic necrosis area in taurocholic acid sodium induced AP in rats (HE,×100)

  • 图4 不同浓度牛磺胆酸钠诱导的大鼠AP发病过程中NLR和PN面积的变化

  • Figure4 Changes of NLR and pancreatic necrosis area in taurocholic acid sodium induced AP in rats

  • 许多指标已被证明是AP严重程度的有效预测因子,但由于测量方法复杂而未被常规应用。许多研究评估了 NLR 在 AP 中的预后价值,但结果存在争议。Azab等[9] 研究显示,NLR预测AP的严重程度和不良后果的作用优于白细胞总数。另一项研究显示连续监测 NLR 可动态反映 AP 的变化过程[10]。然而,在Shen等[16] 的研究中,与淋巴细胞计数相比, NLR 并不是一个更好的预后指标。本研究证实了 NLR在早期预测严重胰腺炎中的作用。然而,根据 ROC分析,NLR并没有表现出更好的预测作用。有趣的是,最近一项研究表明 NLR 是预测 PN 的有效指标。Christophi 等[17] 首先研究了淋巴细胞计数的预测作用,结果显示,淋巴细胞计数对AP严重程度的预测有较高的准确性。在 AP 早期阶段,与淋巴细胞计数高的患者相比,淋巴细胞计数持续偏低的患者更容易发展为感染性PN。Shen等[16] 的研究表明,淋巴细胞计数是AP患者感染性PN的一个强有力的预测因子,具有中到高度的准确性。但与绝对淋巴细胞计数相比,NLR 对感染性 PN 的预后价值较低。然而,在Ünal等[18] 的研究中,预测PN的NLR 临界值为>7.9,灵敏度为 73.3%,特异度为 76.5%。该研究中大多数病例为胆源性(93.7%),提示 NLR 可能是ABP中早期预测PN的标志物。本研究所纳入的病例均为胆源性,NLR的临界值为9.265(灵敏度 97.1%、特异度 72.7%),进一步支持 NLR 可预测 ABP患者的PN。

  • 许多研究探讨了NLR与炎症性疾病的关系,结果表明NLR可以反映炎症反应的严重程度。然而, NLR在AP中的预测价值还存在争议。有些学者认为胰腺炎治疗药物本身就可能改变NLR,特别是抗生素以及抗炎药物、免疫抑制剂等[19-20]。因此,为了避免已知因素对当前结论的影响,本研究进一步进行了动物实验以证明NLR变化与PN严重程度之间的关系。牛磺胆酸钠诱导的AP因被认为与临床胆源性胰腺炎相似而广泛使用。一方面,可以通过改变牛磺胆酸钠浓度来调整该模型的严重程度,另一方面,该模型还具有典型的临床急性坏死性胰腺炎的变化特征[1221-22],因此非常适合用于本研究。本研究表明,在此动物模型中,NLR 随着组织切片中 PN 的严重程度变化而显著增加,且 NLR 的峰值出现在大鼠 AP 的腺泡细胞坏死之前。因而,动物模型的结果进一步说明NLR可以作为预测PN的生物标志物(NLR水平越高,PN越严重)。

  • 综上所述,ABP发病后24 h内的NLR可以作为预测其严重程度及PN的早期且有力的指标。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] LANKISCH P G,APTE M,BANKS P A.Acute pancreati-tis[J].Lancet,2015,386(9988):85-96

    • [2] YIN G J,CANG X F,YU G,et al.Different clinical pre-sentations of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis:a retro-spective study[J].Pancreas,2015,44(7):1105-1110

    • [3] BAI Y,JIA L,WANG B S,et al.Acute pancreatitis in the Guangdong Province,China[J].Digestion,2007,75(2/3):74-79

    • [4] BOUGARD M,BARBIER L,GODART B,et al.Manage-ment of biliary acute pancreatitis[J].J Visc Surg,2019,156(2):113-125

    • [5] BANKS P A,BOLLEN T L,DERVENIS C,et al.Classifi-cation of acute pancreatitis-2012:revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus[J].Gut,2013,62(1):102-111

    • [6] SHEN J Q,WAN R,HU G Y,et al.Involvement of throm-bopoietin in acinar cell necrosis in L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in mice[J].Cytokine,2012,60(1):294-301

    • [7] SHEU Y,FURLAN A,ALMUSA O,et al.The revised At-lanta classification for acute pancreatitis:a CT imaging guide for radiologists[J].Emerg Radiol,2012,19(3):237-243

    • [8] ZHAO K,ADAM S Z,KESWANI R N,et al.Acute pan-creatitis:revised Atlanta classification and the role of cross-sectional imaging[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol,2015,205(1):W32-W41

    • [9] AZAB B,JAGLALL N,ATALLAH J P,et al.Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of adverse outcomes of acute pancreatitis[J].Pancreatology,2011,11(4):445-452

    • [10] SUPPIAH A,MALDE D,ARAB T,et al.The prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in acute pancreatitis:identification of an optimal NLR[J].J Gas-trointest Surg,2013,17(4):675-681

    • [11] WANG Y C,FUENTES H E,ATTAR B M,et al.Evalua-tion of the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ra-tio in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis[J].Pancreatology,2017,17(6):893-897

    • [12] RUEDA J C,ORTEGA L,ARGÜELLO J M,et al.Acute experimental pancreatitis in rat induced by sodium tauro-cholic acid:objective quantification of pancreatic necro-sis[J].Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol,1992,420(2):117-120

    • [13] JI L,LV J C,SONG Z F,et al.Risk factors of infected pancreatic necrosis secondary to severe acute pancre-atitis[J].Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int,2016,15(4):428-433

    • [14] JAIN S,MAHAPATRA S J,GUPTA S,et al.Infected pan-creatic necrosis due to multidrug-resistant organisms and persistent organ failure predict mortality in acute pancre-atitis[J].Clin Transl Gastroenterol,2018,9(10):190

    • [15] FUNG C,SVYSTUN O,FOULADI D F,et al.CT ima-ging,classification,and complications of acute pancreati-tis[J].Abdom Radiol,2020,45(5):1243-1252

    • [16] SHEN X,SUN J,KE L,et al.Reduced lymphocyte count as an early marker for predicting infected pancreatic ne-crosis[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2015,15:147

    • [17] CHRISTOPHI C,MCDERMOTT F,HUGHES E S.Prog-nostic significance of the absolute lymphocyte count in acute pancreatitis[J].Am J Surg,1985,150(3):295-296

    • [18] ÜNAL Y,BARLAS A M.Role of increased immature gran-ulocyte percentage in the early prediction of acute necro-tizing pancreatitis[J].Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg,2019,25(2):177-182

    • [19] TANOLUĞ A,DÜZENLI T.Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ra-tio alone may not be a true indicator of the severity of acute pancreatitis[J].Turk J Gastroenterol,2019,30(10):937

    • [20] BINNETOĞLU E,AKBAL E,GÜNEŞ F,et al.The prog-nostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute pan-creatitis is controversial[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2014,18(4):885

    • [21] LERCH M M,GORELICK F S.Models of acute and chronic pancreatitis[J].Gastroenterology,2013,144(6):1180-1193

    • [22] ZHAO J B,LIAO D H,NISSEN T D.Animal models of pancreatitis:can it be translated to human pain study?[J].World J Gastroenterol,2013,19(42):7222-7230

  • 参考文献

    • [1] LANKISCH P G,APTE M,BANKS P A.Acute pancreati-tis[J].Lancet,2015,386(9988):85-96

    • [2] YIN G J,CANG X F,YU G,et al.Different clinical pre-sentations of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis:a retro-spective study[J].Pancreas,2015,44(7):1105-1110

    • [3] BAI Y,JIA L,WANG B S,et al.Acute pancreatitis in the Guangdong Province,China[J].Digestion,2007,75(2/3):74-79

    • [4] BOUGARD M,BARBIER L,GODART B,et al.Manage-ment of biliary acute pancreatitis[J].J Visc Surg,2019,156(2):113-125

    • [5] BANKS P A,BOLLEN T L,DERVENIS C,et al.Classifi-cation of acute pancreatitis-2012:revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus[J].Gut,2013,62(1):102-111

    • [6] SHEN J Q,WAN R,HU G Y,et al.Involvement of throm-bopoietin in acinar cell necrosis in L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in mice[J].Cytokine,2012,60(1):294-301

    • [7] SHEU Y,FURLAN A,ALMUSA O,et al.The revised At-lanta classification for acute pancreatitis:a CT imaging guide for radiologists[J].Emerg Radiol,2012,19(3):237-243

    • [8] ZHAO K,ADAM S Z,KESWANI R N,et al.Acute pan-creatitis:revised Atlanta classification and the role of cross-sectional imaging[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol,2015,205(1):W32-W41

    • [9] AZAB B,JAGLALL N,ATALLAH J P,et al.Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of adverse outcomes of acute pancreatitis[J].Pancreatology,2011,11(4):445-452

    • [10] SUPPIAH A,MALDE D,ARAB T,et al.The prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in acute pancreatitis:identification of an optimal NLR[J].J Gas-trointest Surg,2013,17(4):675-681

    • [11] WANG Y C,FUENTES H E,ATTAR B M,et al.Evalua-tion of the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ra-tio in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis[J].Pancreatology,2017,17(6):893-897

    • [12] RUEDA J C,ORTEGA L,ARGÜELLO J M,et al.Acute experimental pancreatitis in rat induced by sodium tauro-cholic acid:objective quantification of pancreatic necro-sis[J].Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol,1992,420(2):117-120

    • [13] JI L,LV J C,SONG Z F,et al.Risk factors of infected pancreatic necrosis secondary to severe acute pancre-atitis[J].Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int,2016,15(4):428-433

    • [14] JAIN S,MAHAPATRA S J,GUPTA S,et al.Infected pan-creatic necrosis due to multidrug-resistant organisms and persistent organ failure predict mortality in acute pancre-atitis[J].Clin Transl Gastroenterol,2018,9(10):190

    • [15] FUNG C,SVYSTUN O,FOULADI D F,et al.CT ima-ging,classification,and complications of acute pancreati-tis[J].Abdom Radiol,2020,45(5):1243-1252

    • [16] SHEN X,SUN J,KE L,et al.Reduced lymphocyte count as an early marker for predicting infected pancreatic ne-crosis[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2015,15:147

    • [17] CHRISTOPHI C,MCDERMOTT F,HUGHES E S.Prog-nostic significance of the absolute lymphocyte count in acute pancreatitis[J].Am J Surg,1985,150(3):295-296

    • [18] ÜNAL Y,BARLAS A M.Role of increased immature gran-ulocyte percentage in the early prediction of acute necro-tizing pancreatitis[J].Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg,2019,25(2):177-182

    • [19] TANOLUĞ A,DÜZENLI T.Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ra-tio alone may not be a true indicator of the severity of acute pancreatitis[J].Turk J Gastroenterol,2019,30(10):937

    • [20] BINNETOĞLU E,AKBAL E,GÜNEŞ F,et al.The prog-nostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute pan-creatitis is controversial[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2014,18(4):885

    • [21] LERCH M M,GORELICK F S.Models of acute and chronic pancreatitis[J].Gastroenterology,2013,144(6):1180-1193

    • [22] ZHAO J B,LIAO D H,NISSEN T D.Animal models of pancreatitis:can it be translated to human pain study?[J].World J Gastroenterol,2013,19(42):7222-7230