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通讯作者:

顾晓园,E⁃mail:guxiaoyuan88@sina.com

中图分类号:R684.3

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2021)02-216-05

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20210212

参考文献 1
邢丹,林剑浩,胡永成.中国骨关节炎疼痛管理临床实践指南(2020年版)解读与实施建议[J].中华骨科杂志,2020,40(20):1429-1434
参考文献 2
BANNURU R R,OSANI M C,VAYSBROT E E,et al.OARSI guidelines for the non ⁃ surgical management of knee,hip,and polyarticular osteoarthritis[J].Osteoarthri⁃ tis Cartilage,2019,27(11):1578-1589
参考文献 3
DEROGATIS M,ANIS H K,SODHI N,et al.Non⁃opera⁃ tive treatment options for knee osteoarthritis[J].Ann Transl Med,2019,7(Suppl 7):S245
参考文献 4
FILARDO G,DI MATTEO B,KON E,et al.Platelet⁃rich plasma in tendon⁃related disorders:results and indications [J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2018,26(7):1984-1999
参考文献 5
LE A D K,ENWEZE L,DEBAUN M R,et al.Current clinical recommendations for use of platelet ⁃ rich plasma [J].Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med,2018,11(4):624-634
参考文献 6
王磊,蔡玉辉,胡克苏,等.富血小板血浆联合人工真皮/自体超薄皮片治疗难愈性创面[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(10):1501-1504
参考文献 7
SANCHEZ M,ANITUA E,AZOFRA J,et al.Intra⁃articu⁃ lar injection of an autologous preparation rich in growth factors for the treatment of knee OA:a retrospective co⁃ hort study[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol,2008,26(5):910-913
参考文献 8
KHOSHBIN A,LEROUX T,WASSERSTEIN D,et al.The efficacy of platelet ⁃ rich plasma in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis:a systematic review with quantitative synthesis[J].Arthroscopy,2013,29(12):2037-2048
参考文献 9
LAUDY A B,BAKKER E W,REKERS M,et al.Efficacy of platelet ⁃ rich plasma injections in osteoarthritis of the knee:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(10):657-672
参考文献 10
DUIF C,VOGEL T,TOPCUOGLU F,et al.Does intraop⁃ erative application of leukocyte⁃poor platelet⁃rich plasma during arthroscopy for knee degeneration affect postopera⁃ tive pain,function and quality of life?A 12 ⁃ month ran⁃ domized controlled double ⁃ blind trial[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2015,135(7):971-977
参考文献 11
HA C W,PARK Y B,JANG J W,et al.Variability of the composition of growth factors and cytokines in platelet ⁃ rich plasma from the knee with osteoarthritis[J].Arthros⁃ copy,2019,35(10):2878-2884
参考文献 12
DHILLON M S,PATEL S,JOHN R.PRP in OA knee ⁃ update,current confusions and future options[J].SICOT J,2017,3:27
参考文献 13
WANG Z,ZHAI C,FEI H,et al.Intraarticular injection autologous platelet⁃rich plasma and bone marrow concen⁃ trate in a goat osteoarthritis model[J].J Orthop Res,2018,doi:10.1002/jor.23877
参考文献 14
PATEL S,DHILLON M S,AGGARWAL S,et al.Treat⁃ ment with platelet⁃rich plasma is more effective than place⁃ bo for knee osteoarthritis:a prospective,double⁃blind,ran⁃ domized trial[J].Am J Sports Med,2013,41(2):356-364
参考文献 15
SMITH P A.Intra ⁃ articular autologous conditioned plas⁃ ma injections provide safe and efficacious treatment for knee osteoarthritis:an fda⁃sanctioned,randomized,double ⁃ blind,placebo ⁃ controlled clinical trial[J].Am J Sports Med,2016,44(4):884-891
参考文献 16
黄山东,费志军,赵晓亮,等.富血小板血浆联合关节镜清理治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床研究[J/OL].中华关节外科杂志(电子版),2018,12(3):30-35
参考文献 17
CHANG K V,HUNG C Y,ALIWARGA F,et al.Compara⁃ tive effectiveness of platelet ⁃ rich plasma injections for treating knee joint cartilage degenerative pathology:a sys⁃ tematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Arch Phys Med Re⁃ habil,2014,95(3):562-575
参考文献 18
KON E,BUDA R,FILARDO G,et al.Platelet⁃rich plas⁃ ma:intra⁃articular knee injections produced favorable re⁃ sults on degenerative cartilage lesions[J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2010,18(4):472-479
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨富血小板血浆(PRP)治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2017年10月—2019年6月因膝骨关节炎于本院接受住院治疗的患者,根据性别和年龄进行病例配对分组,分为PRP组和对照组各43例,根据Kellgren⁃Lawrence(K⁃L) 分级评估膝骨关节炎严重程度。所有患者均行关节镜清理术,PRP组患者在关节镜手术结束前向关节腔内注射PRP,对照组仅行单纯关节镜清理术治疗,两组患者治疗后均采取相同的康复锻炼计划。评估并记录治疗前、治疗后1、3、6和12个月时患者的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)和西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC),分析临床疗效,观察并记录随访过程中的不良反应发生情况。结果:所有患者均完成了至少12个月的随访。PRP组和对照组治疗后各个时间点的VAS及WOMAC 评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。PRP组的VAS及WOMAC评分在治疗后1、3个月时显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而在治疗后6、12个月时两组患者疗效无显著差异。K⁃L分级2级的患者使用PRP后6个月内的VAS及WOMAC评分显著低于对照组 (P<0.05),而在12个月时与对照组疗效无显著差异。K⁃L分级3级的患者仅在治疗后1个月时VAS及WOMAC评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而在3个月后与对照组疗效无显著差异。结论:使用PRP可以改善膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛症状,恢复膝关节功能,但持续时间有限。低K⁃L分级的膝骨关节炎患者疗效持续时间更长。

    Abstract

    Objective:We aimed to identify the clinical effects of platelet ⁃ rich plasma(PRP)on knee osteoarthritis.MethodsWe performed a matched case control research for patients with osteoarthritis in our hospital from October 2017 to June 2019,according to gender and age. Both PRP group and the control group enrolled 43 cases. All the patients were evaluated by the severity of osteoarthritis according to Keligren ⁃ Lawrence classification. The PRP group received an intra ⁃ articularly PRP injection intraoperatively,while the control group received arthroscopic treatment only. Both groups had the same rehabilitation plan after surgery. The pain and knee function were assessed by the VAS score and WOMAC score at baseline,1,3,6 and 12 months after the treatment. The PRP ⁃ related complications were recorded during the follow ⁃ up.ResultsAll enrolled patients were available for 12 months follow⁃up. No serious complication was found in both groups. The VAS and WOMAC scores of both PRP group and the control group after the treatment were significantly lower than those at the baseline. The VAS and WOMAC scores of PRP group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 1 and 3 months but not at postoperative 6 and 12 months after the treatment. For paitents with K⁃L grade 2,the VAS and WOMAC scores of PRP group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 1,3 and 6 months,but not at 12 months after the treatment. Meanwhile,for paitents with K⁃L grade 3,the VAS and WOMAC scores of PRP group were significantly lower than those of the control group only at 1 months,but not at 3,6 and 12 months after the treatment. Conclusion:For patients with osteoarthritis,PRP treatment could relieve pain symptoms and restore knee joint function with limited course. PRP has longer duration of efficacy in patients with lower K⁃L grade.

    关键词

    富血小板血浆骨关节炎

  • 膝骨关节炎是临床最常见的骨科疾病之一,是一种退行性病变,也是引起中老年患者残疾的重要原因之一[1]。目前常用于治疗膝骨关节炎的方法包括非甾体类抗炎药、氨基葡萄糖、硫酸软骨素、透明质酸等。然而由于关节软骨的自我修复能力极为有限,上述方法仅能短期缓解症状,长期临床疗效欠佳[2-3]

  • 富血小板血浆(platelet⁃rich plasma,PRP)是自体血液浓缩后得到的血小板浓聚物,其中富含多种生长因子,可以促进多种组织的修复,已被广泛应用于运动损伤和创面修复等领域[4-6]。2008年国外学者Sanchez等[7]首次报道了使用PRP治疗膝骨关节炎能够减轻膝关节疼痛、改善膝关节功能。然而现有前瞻性随机对照研究的结果显示,PRP治疗膝骨关节炎疗效持续时间尚有争议[8-10]。近年来国内也有使用PRP治疗骨关节炎的相关报道,取得了一定的效果,但多以简单的回顾性疗效观察为主,缺乏合适的对照组,非处理因素对结果的干扰大。尚需配对设计的病例对照研究,进一步检验PRP的疗效。

  • 综上考虑,本研究回顾性分析了2017年10月 —2019年6月43例因膝骨关节炎于本院接受关节镜治疗的患者,在关节镜手术结束前于关节腔内注射PRP,并和同期于本院行单纯关节镜治疗的患者1∶1配对,进行病例对照研究,分析其疗效及持续时间,为临床应用PRP治疗膝骨关节炎提供参考依据。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 选取2017年10月—2019年6月,因膝骨关节炎于南京医科大学第一附属医院接受住院治疗的患者共计123例,所有手术均由同一位高年资关节外科医生完成。选取2018年7月作为节点。节点之后的连续病例共43例,为PRP组。节点之前的80例患者中根据年龄、性别进行1∶1配对,为对照组。研究方案得到了本院伦理委员会的批准。所有患者均签署知情同意书。

  • 本研究的纳入标准包括:①膝关节疼痛、功能障碍,经过3个月以上的正规保守治疗无效;②体格检查和影像学检查(膝关节X线和MRI)明确诊断; ③Kellgren⁃Lawrence(K⁃L)分级2和3级膝骨关节炎;④同意住院接受膝关节镜手术治疗。排除标准包括:① K⁃L分级1和4级膝骨关节炎;②软骨损伤行相应手术而不能进行正常康复锻炼(微骨折、自体骨软骨移植等);③近期有明确外伤史;④合并类风湿性关节炎、痛风性关节炎等严重关节病变;⑤ 严重的糖尿病、心脑血管疾病;⑥免疫抑制、肿瘤或其他严重疾病等自体输血禁忌证。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 手术

  • 采用山东威高高分子医用材料有限公司的套装制备自体PRP:于全身麻醉后从患者肘正中静脉采取40mL外周血,采用二次离心法分离制备PRP:第一次离心为2 000r/min,离心半径15cm,离心10min后,全血分为3层,去除下层的红细胞层。将剩余血清及细胞采用同样的离心方法进行第二次离心。吸取上层大部分血浆后,留下约4mL的血浆及白膜层。振荡重悬血小板,即为制备出的自体PRP。

  • PRP组先行关节镜清理术,根据镜下情况进行必要的滑膜切除、软骨成形和半月板切除等,然后通过关节镜入路将采用上述步骤制备的4mL PRP注入关节腔内。对照组仅行关节镜清理术。缝合关闭切口。治疗后患侧膝关节包扎制动24h,之后在康复师指导下进行膝关节功能康复锻炼,膝关节完全负重。

  • 1.2.2 评价指标

  • 入组患者均登记基本资料,包括年龄、性别和体重指数(body mass index,BMI),评估并记录膝骨关节炎X线分级(K⁃L分级)。治疗前、治疗后1、3、6和12个月时采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual ana⁃ logue scale,VAS)评估疼痛症状,采用西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, WOMAC)评估膝关节功能。记录治疗过程中的不良反应发生情况。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 使用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。计量资料采用均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示,同组不同时间点的比较采用配对样本 t 检验,同一时间的组间比较采用独立样本t检验(非正态分布或方差不齐,采用Mann⁃ Whitney秩和检验)。计数资料采用率和构成比表示,组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法。 P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 基本资料

  • 最终共86例患者纳入本次研究,均完成了至少12个月的随访。所有患者的平均年龄为57.3岁,其中,男36例,女50例。所有患者随访期间均未发生感染、局部红肿疼痛等不良反应事件。PRP组和对照组患者在年龄、性别、BMI、K⁃L分级、治疗前VAS及WOMAC评分等方面,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05),两组患者间具有可比性(表1)。

  • 2.2 术后疼痛评分和功能评分

  • 治疗后1、3、6及12个月时两组患者的VAS及WOMAC评分均较治疗前明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.001)。治疗后1和3个月时PRP组患者的VAS及WOMAC评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),而治疗后6和12个月时,两组患者的VAS及WOMAC评分无显著差异(表2)。

  • 2.3 K⁃L分级对治疗效果的影响

  • 根据K⁃L分级,将两组患者分别分为2级和3级两组。发现无论是K⁃L分级2级还是3级患者,PRP组和对照组的基线数据,包括年龄、性别、BMI、治疗前VAS及WOMAC评分等方面,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05),两组患者间具有可比性(表3)。

  • 进一步分析结果发现,所有K⁃L分级2级的患者在治疗后1、3和6个月时,PRP组的VAS及WOMAC评分均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。而对于K⁃L分级3级患者,仅在治疗后1个月时PRP组的VAS及WOMAC评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),而在之后的3、6和12个月时,两组疗效无明显差异(表4~5)。

  • 表1 两组患者的基本资料比较

  • Table1 Comparison of the basline data between the 2groups

  • 表2 两组患者治疗前、后VAS评分和WOMAC评分比较

  • Table2 Comparison of the VAS and WOMAC score between the 2groups before and after treatment

  • *:t值和P值指治疗后1个月和治疗前对比的结果。

  • 表3 不同K⁃L分级患者的基本资料比较

  • Table3 Comparison of the basline date among patients with different K⁃L grades

  • 3 讨论

  • 本研究结果显示,对于膝骨关节炎患者,使用PRP可以缓解疼痛症状,恢复膝关节功能。分析其原因可能是PRP中含有高浓度的生长因子,包括转化生长因子 β(TGF ⁃ β)、血小板衍生生长因子 (PDGF)、表皮生长因子(EGF)等,这些生长因子能提高软骨细胞分泌功能,促进细胞外基质合成,进而达到促进软骨修复的作用[11-12]。本课题组之前的实验研究结果也显示,PRP富含生长因子TGF⁃β,关节腔内注射PRP对于山羊骨关节炎具有治疗效果[13]

  • 表4 不同K⁃L分级患者治疗前、后VAS评分比较

  • Table4 Comparison of the VAS score among patients with different K⁃L grades before and after treatment

  • *:t值和P值指治疗后1个月和治疗前对比的结果。

  • 表5 不同K⁃L分级患者治疗前、后WOMAC评分比较

  • Table5 Comparison of the WOMAC score among patients with different K⁃L grades before and after treatment

  • *:t值和P值指治疗后1个月和治疗前对比的结果。

  • 通过对比研究发现,单次使用PRP治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效持续时间有限,仅在治疗后3个月内的疗效优于对照组,而在6个月之后与对照组疗效无显著差异。Patel等[14] 也采用单次注射PRP治疗膝骨关节炎,发现其疗效仅能持续至治疗后6个月。有学者认为多次注射可以延长PRP的疗效时间。 Smith等[15] 进行了一项FDA批准的前瞻性随机对照研究,采用生理盐水作为安慰剂对照,进行3次关节腔内注射(每周1次),发现PRP疗效可维持12个月。黄山东等[16] 指出在关节镜术中及治疗后4周时2次使用PRP,治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效可维持2年。但是Patel等[14] 指出单次注射与2次注射PRP在减轻膝骨关节炎疼痛、缓解症状方面的效果无差异。

  • 本次研究排除了K⁃L分级4级的重度膝骨关节炎患者,此类患者通常需要人工关节置换手术治疗;同时排除了K⁃L分级1级的患者,此类患者骨关节炎病程较短,较少合并严重的半月板退变,一般无需住院治疗。本研究结果显示,对于K⁃L分级2级和3级的膝骨关节炎患者,PRP的疗效持续时间不同,对于K⁃L分级2级的患者疗效持续时间更长。这一发现与其他研究的结果相符合。Chang等[17] 纳入16篇原始研究,系统评价了PRP注射在治疗退行性膝关节疾病中的疗效,发现轻度患者(K⁃L 0、1、2级)的疗效优于中重度患者(K⁃L 3、4级)。Kon等[18] 采用PRP注射治疗100例膝骨关节炎患者,进行了前瞻性队列研究,结果显示对于病情较轻的患者, PRP可以更好地减轻疼痛、改善功能。

  • 本次配对研究严格控制了非处理因素,有效降低了年龄和性别等非处理因素对研究结果的干扰,降低个体变异的水平,使术后疗效的差异集中反映在是否接受PRP治疗这一处理因素上,从而减少抽样误差,进而能够以较少的样本量得出较高可信度的结果。然而本研究并非随机对照的双盲研究,其结果有待更多高等级的循证医学证据证实。另外,本次研究中全部采用了单一的商品化的PRP制备方法,无法探讨关于PRP制备方法和成分在治疗膝关节退变中的不同作用。

  • 综上所述,使用PRP治疗膝骨关节炎,可以达到缓解疼痛、恢复膝关节功能的效果。但其疗效持续时间有限。K⁃L分级2级患者的疗效持续时间长于K⁃L分级3级患者。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 邢丹,林剑浩,胡永成.中国骨关节炎疼痛管理临床实践指南(2020年版)解读与实施建议[J].中华骨科杂志,2020,40(20):1429-1434

    • [2] BANNURU R R,OSANI M C,VAYSBROT E E,et al.OARSI guidelines for the non ⁃ surgical management of knee,hip,and polyarticular osteoarthritis[J].Osteoarthri⁃ tis Cartilage,2019,27(11):1578-1589

    • [3] DEROGATIS M,ANIS H K,SODHI N,et al.Non⁃opera⁃ tive treatment options for knee osteoarthritis[J].Ann Transl Med,2019,7(Suppl 7):S245

    • [4] FILARDO G,DI MATTEO B,KON E,et al.Platelet⁃rich plasma in tendon⁃related disorders:results and indications [J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2018,26(7):1984-1999

    • [5] LE A D K,ENWEZE L,DEBAUN M R,et al.Current clinical recommendations for use of platelet ⁃ rich plasma [J].Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med,2018,11(4):624-634

    • [6] 王磊,蔡玉辉,胡克苏,等.富血小板血浆联合人工真皮/自体超薄皮片治疗难愈性创面[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(10):1501-1504

    • [7] SANCHEZ M,ANITUA E,AZOFRA J,et al.Intra⁃articu⁃ lar injection of an autologous preparation rich in growth factors for the treatment of knee OA:a retrospective co⁃ hort study[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol,2008,26(5):910-913

    • [8] KHOSHBIN A,LEROUX T,WASSERSTEIN D,et al.The efficacy of platelet ⁃ rich plasma in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis:a systematic review with quantitative synthesis[J].Arthroscopy,2013,29(12):2037-2048

    • [9] LAUDY A B,BAKKER E W,REKERS M,et al.Efficacy of platelet ⁃ rich plasma injections in osteoarthritis of the knee:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(10):657-672

    • [10] DUIF C,VOGEL T,TOPCUOGLU F,et al.Does intraop⁃ erative application of leukocyte⁃poor platelet⁃rich plasma during arthroscopy for knee degeneration affect postopera⁃ tive pain,function and quality of life?A 12 ⁃ month ran⁃ domized controlled double ⁃ blind trial[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2015,135(7):971-977

    • [11] HA C W,PARK Y B,JANG J W,et al.Variability of the composition of growth factors and cytokines in platelet ⁃ rich plasma from the knee with osteoarthritis[J].Arthros⁃ copy,2019,35(10):2878-2884

    • [12] DHILLON M S,PATEL S,JOHN R.PRP in OA knee ⁃ update,current confusions and future options[J].SICOT J,2017,3:27

    • [13] WANG Z,ZHAI C,FEI H,et al.Intraarticular injection autologous platelet⁃rich plasma and bone marrow concen⁃ trate in a goat osteoarthritis model[J].J Orthop Res,2018,doi:10.1002/jor.23877

    • [14] PATEL S,DHILLON M S,AGGARWAL S,et al.Treat⁃ ment with platelet⁃rich plasma is more effective than place⁃ bo for knee osteoarthritis:a prospective,double⁃blind,ran⁃ domized trial[J].Am J Sports Med,2013,41(2):356-364

    • [15] SMITH P A.Intra ⁃ articular autologous conditioned plas⁃ ma injections provide safe and efficacious treatment for knee osteoarthritis:an fda⁃sanctioned,randomized,double ⁃ blind,placebo ⁃ controlled clinical trial[J].Am J Sports Med,2016,44(4):884-891

    • [16] 黄山东,费志军,赵晓亮,等.富血小板血浆联合关节镜清理治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床研究[J/OL].中华关节外科杂志(电子版),2018,12(3):30-35

    • [17] CHANG K V,HUNG C Y,ALIWARGA F,et al.Compara⁃ tive effectiveness of platelet ⁃ rich plasma injections for treating knee joint cartilage degenerative pathology:a sys⁃ tematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Arch Phys Med Re⁃ habil,2014,95(3):562-575

    • [18] KON E,BUDA R,FILARDO G,et al.Platelet⁃rich plas⁃ ma:intra⁃articular knee injections produced favorable re⁃ sults on degenerative cartilage lesions[J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2010,18(4):472-479

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 邢丹,林剑浩,胡永成.中国骨关节炎疼痛管理临床实践指南(2020年版)解读与实施建议[J].中华骨科杂志,2020,40(20):1429-1434

    • [2] BANNURU R R,OSANI M C,VAYSBROT E E,et al.OARSI guidelines for the non ⁃ surgical management of knee,hip,and polyarticular osteoarthritis[J].Osteoarthri⁃ tis Cartilage,2019,27(11):1578-1589

    • [3] DEROGATIS M,ANIS H K,SODHI N,et al.Non⁃opera⁃ tive treatment options for knee osteoarthritis[J].Ann Transl Med,2019,7(Suppl 7):S245

    • [4] FILARDO G,DI MATTEO B,KON E,et al.Platelet⁃rich plasma in tendon⁃related disorders:results and indications [J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2018,26(7):1984-1999

    • [5] LE A D K,ENWEZE L,DEBAUN M R,et al.Current clinical recommendations for use of platelet ⁃ rich plasma [J].Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med,2018,11(4):624-634

    • [6] 王磊,蔡玉辉,胡克苏,等.富血小板血浆联合人工真皮/自体超薄皮片治疗难愈性创面[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(10):1501-1504

    • [7] SANCHEZ M,ANITUA E,AZOFRA J,et al.Intra⁃articu⁃ lar injection of an autologous preparation rich in growth factors for the treatment of knee OA:a retrospective co⁃ hort study[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol,2008,26(5):910-913

    • [8] KHOSHBIN A,LEROUX T,WASSERSTEIN D,et al.The efficacy of platelet ⁃ rich plasma in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis:a systematic review with quantitative synthesis[J].Arthroscopy,2013,29(12):2037-2048

    • [9] LAUDY A B,BAKKER E W,REKERS M,et al.Efficacy of platelet ⁃ rich plasma injections in osteoarthritis of the knee:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Br J Sports Med,2015,49(10):657-672

    • [10] DUIF C,VOGEL T,TOPCUOGLU F,et al.Does intraop⁃ erative application of leukocyte⁃poor platelet⁃rich plasma during arthroscopy for knee degeneration affect postopera⁃ tive pain,function and quality of life?A 12 ⁃ month ran⁃ domized controlled double ⁃ blind trial[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2015,135(7):971-977

    • [11] HA C W,PARK Y B,JANG J W,et al.Variability of the composition of growth factors and cytokines in platelet ⁃ rich plasma from the knee with osteoarthritis[J].Arthros⁃ copy,2019,35(10):2878-2884

    • [12] DHILLON M S,PATEL S,JOHN R.PRP in OA knee ⁃ update,current confusions and future options[J].SICOT J,2017,3:27

    • [13] WANG Z,ZHAI C,FEI H,et al.Intraarticular injection autologous platelet⁃rich plasma and bone marrow concen⁃ trate in a goat osteoarthritis model[J].J Orthop Res,2018,doi:10.1002/jor.23877

    • [14] PATEL S,DHILLON M S,AGGARWAL S,et al.Treat⁃ ment with platelet⁃rich plasma is more effective than place⁃ bo for knee osteoarthritis:a prospective,double⁃blind,ran⁃ domized trial[J].Am J Sports Med,2013,41(2):356-364

    • [15] SMITH P A.Intra ⁃ articular autologous conditioned plas⁃ ma injections provide safe and efficacious treatment for knee osteoarthritis:an fda⁃sanctioned,randomized,double ⁃ blind,placebo ⁃ controlled clinical trial[J].Am J Sports Med,2016,44(4):884-891

    • [16] 黄山东,费志军,赵晓亮,等.富血小板血浆联合关节镜清理治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床研究[J/OL].中华关节外科杂志(电子版),2018,12(3):30-35

    • [17] CHANG K V,HUNG C Y,ALIWARGA F,et al.Compara⁃ tive effectiveness of platelet ⁃ rich plasma injections for treating knee joint cartilage degenerative pathology:a sys⁃ tematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Arch Phys Med Re⁃ habil,2014,95(3):562-575

    • [18] KON E,BUDA R,FILARDO G,et al.Platelet⁃rich plas⁃ ma:intra⁃articular knee injections produced favorable re⁃ sults on degenerative cartilage lesions[J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2010,18(4):472-479