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通讯作者:

周阳春,E⁃mail:zhouyang.chun@163.com

中图分类号:R753.3

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2021)03-344-05

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20210306

参考文献 1
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参考文献 12
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参考文献 13
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参考文献 14
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参考文献 16
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参考文献 17
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参考文献 18
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参考文献 19
孙艳丽,陈飞,陈武.缺氧诱导因子⁃1α及Foxp3在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义[J].中国实验诊断学,2019,23(5):770-773
参考文献 20
WEI T T,LIN Y T,TANG S P,et al.Metabolic targeting of HIF⁃1α potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer[J].Oncogene,2020,39(2):414-427
参考文献 21
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参考文献 22
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参考文献 24
SATOOKA H,HARA ⁃ CHIKUMA M.Aquaporin ⁃ 3 con⁃ trols breast cancer cell migration by regulating hydrogen peroxide transport and its downstream cell signaling[J].Mol Cell Biol,2016,36(7):1206-1218
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨水通道蛋白3(aquaporin 3,AQP3)在缺氧介导结直肠癌(colorectal carcinoma,CRC)化疗耐药中的作用及意义。方法:通过实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot实验检测缺氧条件下结直肠癌HCT116、HT29细胞中AQP3表达的变化;通过CCK⁃8实验检测在氟尿嘧啶(5⁃fluorouracil,5⁃Fu)作用下,缺氧对 HCT116细胞化疗敏感性的影响;通过CCK⁃8和平板克隆形成实验检测AQP3对缺氧条件下HCT116细胞化疗敏感性的影响。结果:在缺氧条件下,HCT116、HT29细胞中AQP3 mRNA以及蛋白表达水平均显著上调;抑制缺氧诱导因子⁃1α(hypoxia inducible factor,HIF⁃1α)表达,缺氧条件下HCT116细胞中AQP3 mRNA、蛋白表达水平均未显著增加。在缺氧条件下,HCT116 细胞对 5⁃Fu 的化疗敏感性低于常氧条件;抑制 AQP3 表达, HCT116细胞对5⁃Fu化疗敏感性增加。平板克隆形成实验也证明了抑制AQP3表达可增加HCT116细胞在缺氧条件下的化疗敏感性。结论:在缺氧条件下,HIF⁃1α上调AQP3表达,继而导致结直肠癌细胞对5⁃Fu耐药。

    Abstract

    Objective:This study aims to investigate the role of aquaporin 3(AQP3)in the chemoresistance of colorectal carcinoma mediated by hypoxia. Methods:Real⁃time quantitative PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of AQP3 under hypoxic condition in colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells and HT29 cells. CCK ⁃8 was used to detect the influence of hypoxia on the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5⁃fluorouracil(5⁃ Fu)under hypoxic condition. CCK ⁃ 8 and colony formation assay were also used to detect the effect of AQP3 on the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5⁃Fu under hypoxic condition. Results:Under hypoxic condition,the expression levels of AQP3 mRNA and protein were significantly up⁃regulated in both HCT116 and HT29 cells. After hypoxia inducible factor(HIF⁃1α)was inhibited,and the expression levels of AQP3 mRNA and protein in HCT116 cells under hypoxic condition were not significantly increased. Under hypoxic condition,the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5 ⁃ Fu was lower than that in normal oxygen condition,which was reversed by inhibiting AQP3. Colony formation assay also demonstrated that the effect of 5⁃Fu on the proliferation ability of HCT116 cells was smaller under hypoxic condition,which was reversed by inhibiting AQP3. Conclusion:Under hypoxic condition,colorectal carcinoma up⁃regulated AQP3 expression by HIF⁃1α,which lead to 5⁃Fu chemoresistance.

  • 结直肠癌(colorectal carcinoma,CRC)是我国最常见恶性肿瘤之一,且发病率逐年上升,居全部肿瘤第3位,死亡率列第4位,严重威胁我国人民生命健康[1]。目前CRC治疗方法主要包括根治性手术治疗、化学药物治疗以及分子靶向治疗等[2],而肿瘤细胞对化疗不敏感常导致CRC治疗失败,严重影响患者预后[3]。因此,深入研究CRC化疗耐药机制,降低CRC对化疗药物的耐药性,对提高CRC患者的预后具有十分重要的意义。

  • 缺氧是实体肿瘤微环境的主要特征,且是肿瘤预后的独立危险因素[4]。缺氧可导致肿瘤细胞生物学行为变化,诸如细胞存活、代谢重组、血管生成、基因组稳定性的改变[5-7]。越来越多的研究发现缺氧参与肿瘤化疗耐药的产生,然而其机制仍不清楚[8-10]

  • 水通道蛋白3(aquaporin 3,AQP3)是水通道蛋白家族成员之一,具有介导渗透压依赖性跨生物膜水转运的作用,对H2O2、甘油等小分子物质亦具有通透性[11-13]。诸多研究发现AQP3参与肿瘤化疗耐药[14-16]。文献研究证实CRC组织AQP3表达显著上调,且促进CRC细胞增殖、迁移[17],但AQP3是否参与CRC化疗耐药尚不清楚。Hoogewijs等[18] 发现缺氧可上调纤维肉瘤L929细胞AQP3表达;然而缺氧是否可以上调CRC中AQP3表达尚不清楚。我们前期研究发现缺氧可上调HCT116和HT29细胞中AQP3表达,因此推测缺氧可能通过AQP3介导CRC化疗耐药。

  • 1 材料和方法

  • 1.1 材料

  • 人CRC细胞系HCT116、HT29细胞(中国科学院上海细胞库);5⁃Fu(Sigma公司,德国);转染试剂Lipofectamine2000、TRIzol试剂(Invitrogen公司,美国);RNA逆转录试剂盒(TaKaRa公司,日本);HIF⁃ 1α⁃siRNA、AQP3⁃siRNA(上海吉凯基因);AQP3抗体(Santa Cruz公司,美国);HIF⁃1α抗体、GAPDH抗体(CST公司,美国);BCA试剂盒、抗兔或抗鼠二抗、细胞活性CCK⁃8检测试剂盒(杭州碧云天公司)。 RPMI1640培养基、Opti⁃MEM培养基(Life Technolo⁃ gies公司,美国)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 细胞培养

  • HCT116、HT29细胞加入RPMI1640培养基+ 10%胎牛血清,加入100U/mL的青霉素和100mg/L的链霉素,于37℃、5%CO2恒温孵箱中常规培养。缺氧条件下细胞培养是将细胞置于密封缺氧箱内 (含有1%O2)。

  • 1.2.2 RNA干扰实验

  • 取对数生长2×105 个细胞接种于6孔板,加入2mL无抗生素的培养基,混匀,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱培养,1d后进行干扰实验。20 μmol/L siRNA 10 μL加至250 μL不含血清的Opti⁃MEM培养基,轻轻混匀,室温孵育5min。 5 μL的Lipofectamine2000加至250 μL不含血清的Opti⁃MEM培养基,轻轻混匀,室温孵育5min。再将两种悬液轻轻混合,室温孵育20min。将上述混合液加入到1.5mL无抗生素培养基中,培养细胞24h后,弃去上层液体,更换新鲜培养基,继续培养48~96h。

  • 1.2.3 实时荧光定量PCR实验

  • 采用TRIzol试剂提取细胞RNA,利用RNA逆转录试剂盒逆转成cDNA,实时荧光定量PCR检测AQP3mRNA表达水平变化。相关引物序列:AQP3上游引物5′⁃CCGTGACCTTTGCCATGTG⁃3′,下游引物5′⁃CGAAGTGCCAGATTGCATCATAA⁃3′;HIF⁃1α 上游引物5′ ⁃TAGCCGAGGAAGAACTATGAAC ⁃3′,下游引物5′ ⁃ CTGAGGTTGGTTACTGTTGGTA ⁃ 3′; GAPDH上游引物5′ ⁃ CGCTGAGTA CGTCGTG⁃ GAGTC⁃3′,下游引物5′⁃GCTGATGATCTTGAGGCT⁃ GTTGTC⁃3′。每组实验重复3遍。PCR扩增条件: 95℃ 30s预变性,95℃ 6s,60℃ 30s,40个循环。在AB17300系统中检测目的基因和相应内参的Ct值,每组实验重复3遍。

  • 1.2.4 Western blot实验

  • BCA法测定细胞裂解物的蛋白含量,取等量蛋白质用SDS⁃PAGE法分离,并转移至PVDF膜上,加单克隆抗体于4℃下过夜孵育,TBST洗去一抗,加二抗于室温孵育2h,TBST洗去二抗,洗涤后以ECL试剂盒显示免疫印迹条带,以GAPDH作为内参。

  • 1.2.5 细胞活力实验

  • CCK⁃8检测细胞活力。96孔板每孔加入1×104 个细胞,37℃ 温箱培养,24h后加入0、20、40、60、80、 100 μg/mL 5⁃Fu作用24h,每组均设置3个平行样。每孔加入10 μL CCK⁃8试剂,在细胞培养箱中继续孵育2h,再用酶标仪检测,检测波长450nm。

  • 1.2.6 平板克隆形成实验

  • 平板克隆形成实验评价细胞集落形成能力,将1 000个细胞种植于6孔板中,培养14d后,用甲醛固定结晶紫染色后计数进行评价。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用SPSS 20.0软件处理分析实验数据。计量数据以均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示。两组独立数据采用t检验分析组间差异;多组数据(同一研究对象在不同时间点的测量数据)采用重复测量方差分析总体差异,LSD⁃t 法进行组间两两比较;多组数据(同一研究对象在不同因素处理的测量数据)采用单因素方差分析总体差异,LSD⁃t法进行组间两两比较; P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 缺氧条件下结直肠癌细胞AQP3表达上调

  • 为研究缺氧条件下AQP3在CRC细胞中表达的变化,将HCT116、HT29细胞分别放置于缺氧环境中 (1%O2),结果提示AQP3mRNA表达水平增加(图1A、B,P< 0.05),AQP3蛋白表达水平亦显著增加 (图1C、D)。因此,缺氧条件下,CRC细胞通过转录水平上调AQP3mRNA表达,继而导致AQP3蛋白表达水平增加。

  • 2.2 缺氧通过HIF⁃1α上调结直肠癌细胞AQP3表达

  • HIF⁃1α是介导细胞对缺氧反应的重要转录调节因子。HCT116细胞在缺氧12h、24h后,HIF1α 蛋白表达水平显著上调(图2A)。采用siRNA抑制HIF⁃1α表达后,再将HCT116细胞置于缺氧条件下, AQP3mRNA、蛋白表达水平均未显著增加(图2B、 C,P< 0.05)。因此,缺氧通过HIF⁃1α上调CRC细胞AQP3mRNA的表达,继而导致AQP3蛋白表达水平增加。

  • 图1 缺氧条件下结直肠癌细胞AQP3表达上调

  • Fig.1 AQP3expression in colorectal carcinoma cells was significantly up⁃regulated under hypoxic condition

  • 2.3 缺氧条件下抑制AQP3表达增加了结直肠癌细胞对5⁃Fu的化疗敏感性

  • CCK⁃8实验发现,HCT116细胞在5⁃Fu作用下,缺氧条件下的细胞活力高于常氧条件(图3A,P< 0.05),提示缺氧导致CRC细胞对5⁃Fu的化疗敏感性下降。然而,AQP3在缺氧介导CRC细胞化疗耐药中的作用尚不清楚。本研究采用siRNA技术抑制AQP3表达,继而发现在缺氧条件下,HCT116细胞对5⁃Fu化疗敏感性增加(图3B,P< 0.05)。平板克隆形成实验进一步证实了缺氧可导致结直肠癌细胞对5⁃Fu化疗敏感性的降低,抑制AQP3表达可逆转此效应(图3C、D,P< 0.05)。因此,本研究认为AQP3参与缺氧介导的CRC化疗耐药。

  • 3 讨论

  • 缺氧是实体肿瘤微环境的主要特征,且参与肿瘤细胞生物学行为变化以及肿瘤化疗耐药的产生[5-68]。HIF⁃1α是介导细胞对缺氧反应的重要转录调节因子,研究发现CRC中HIF⁃1α高表达,且与肿瘤分化程度、临床病理分期以及淋巴结转移有关[19]。HIF ⁃1α参与多种肿瘤相关基因的转录调控。主要包括:①血管新生相关基因:血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)等; ②糖代谢相关基因:糖酵解酶Ⅱ等;③侵袭、转移相关基因:趋化因子受体4等;④凋亡相关基因:p53等; ⑤细胞增殖与分化相关基因:胰岛素样生长因子2、转化生长因子、成纤维生长因子等[20-21]

  • 图2 缺氧通过HIF⁃1α上调结直肠癌细胞中AQP3表达

  • Fig.2 Hypoxia upregulated AQP3expression by HIF⁃1α in colorectal carcinoma cells

  • 图3 缺氧条件下抑制AQP3表达增加了结直肠癌细胞对5⁃Fu的化疗敏感性

  • Fig.3 The sensitivity of colorectal carcinoma cells to 5⁃Fu was enhenced by inhibiting AQP3expression under hypoxic condition

  • AQP3是水通道蛋白家族成员之一,主要介导水、甘油、H2O2等小分子的跨膜转运[22]。越来越多的研究发现AQP3参与肿瘤的发生与进展,促进肿瘤增殖、侵袭转移,参与肿瘤化疗耐药[23-24]。这些研究表明AQP3可能在肝癌、乳腺癌的致癌机制及发展中发挥着重要作用。研究也发现CRC组织中AQP3表达显著上调,且促进CRC细胞增殖、迁移[17],但在CRC化疗耐药中的作用尚不清楚。

  • Hoogewijs等[18] 发现缺氧可上调纤维肉瘤L929细胞AQP3表达;然而缺氧是否可以上调CRC的AQP3表达尚不清楚。本研究发现缺氧促进CRC细胞株HCT116、HT29细胞中AQP3mRNA、蛋白表达上调,抑制HIF⁃1α表达后AQP3表达明显下调,提示缺氧通过HIF⁃1α调控AQP3表达。HIF⁃1α是细胞内重要的转录调控因子,研究提示AQP3启动子区域存在HIF ⁃ 1α 反应元件(HIF ⁃ 1response element, HRE)[18],然而CRC细胞AQP3启动子区域是否存在HRE,需要进一步研究。同时,缺氧可导致肿瘤细胞产生应激反应,继而导致细胞内H2O2积聚,而AQP3可转运H2O2,因此缺氧可能导致肿瘤细胞AQP3表达上调,继而加剧肿瘤细胞处于缺氧环境。

  • 诸多研究表明缺氧可降低实体肿瘤化疗的敏感性,继而导致肿瘤细胞化疗耐药。然而AQP3是否参与缺氧介导的CRC细胞化疗耐药尚不清楚。本研究进一步证实缺氧降低CRC细胞对氟尿嘧啶的化疗敏感性,通过siRNA技术下调HCT116细胞中AQP3表达后,缺氧导致的化疗耐药得以逆转。因此,以上研究表明AQP3参与缺氧介导CRC化疗耐药,有利于进一步深入了解CRC化疗耐药的机制以及AQP3介导肿瘤化疗耐药的机制。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] CHEN W,ZHENG R,BAADE P D,et al.Cancer statis⁃ tics in China,2015[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2016,66(2):115-132

    • [2] AJANI J A,D’AMICO T A,ALMHANNA K,et al.Gas⁃ tric cancer,version 3.2016,NCCN clinical practice guide⁃ lines in oncology[J].J Natl ComprCanc Netw,2016,14(10):1286-1312

    • [3] LORD A C,GRAHAM M C,D’SOUZA N,et al.The sig⁃ nificance of tumour deposits in rectal cancer after neoad⁃ juvant therapy:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Eur J Cancer,2019,122:1-8

    • [4] SEMENZA G L.Oxygen sensing,hypoxia ⁃inducible fac⁃ tors,and disease pathophysiology[J].Annu Rev Pathol,2014,9(1):47-71

    • [5] 吴飏,刘东方,张纯,等.缺氧微环境中胰腺星状细胞通过CCL7/CCR5轴促进胰腺癌侵袭[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(5):521-525,543

    • [6] MUZ B,DE LA PUENTE P,AZAB F,et al.The role of hy⁃ poxia in cancer progression,angiogenesis,metastasis,and resistance to therapy[J].Hypoxia(Auckl),2015,3:83-92

    • [7] LEE G Y,CHUN Y S,SHIN H W,et al.Potential role of the N ⁃MYC downstream ⁃ regulated gene family in repro⁃ gramming cancer metabolism under hypoxia[J].Oncotar⁃ get,2016,7(35):57442-57451

    • [8] BARAN N,KONOPLEVA M.Molecular pathways:hypoxia⁃ activated prodrugs in cancer therapy[J].Clin Cancer Res,2017,23(10):2382-2390

    • [9] ROSCIGNO G,PUOTI I,GIORDANO I,et al.MiR ⁃24 induces chemotherapy resistance and hypoxic advantage in breast cancer[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(12):19507-19521

    • [10] DANZA K,SILVESTRIS N,SIMONE G,et al.Role of miR ⁃27a,miR⁃181a and miR⁃20b in gastric cancer hypoxia⁃ induced chemoresistance[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2016,17(4):400-406

    • [11] HARA⁃CHIKUMA M,WATANABE S,SATOOKA H.In⁃ volvement of aquaporin ⁃ 3 in epidermal growth factor re⁃ ceptor signaling via hydrogen peroxide transport in cancer cells[J].BiochemBiophys Res Commun,2016,471(4):603-609

    • [12] HARA ⁃CHIKUMA M,SATOOKA H,WATANABE S,et al.Aquaporin⁃3⁃mediated hydrogen peroxide transport is required for NF⁃κB signalling in keratinocytes and devel⁃ opment of psoriasis[J].Nat Commun,2015,6(1):7454

    • [13] THIAGARAJAH J R,CHANG J,GOETTEL J A,et al.Aquaporin ⁃ 3 mediates hydrogen peroxide ⁃ dependent re⁃ sponses to environmental stress in colonic epithelia[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2017,114(3):568-573

    • [14] DONG X,WANG Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Aquaporin 3 facili⁃ tates chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells to cisplatin via autophagy[J].Cell Death Discov,2016,2(1):16087

    • [15] GAO L,GAO Y,LI X,et al.Aquaporins mediate the che⁃ moresistance of human melanoma cells to arsenite[J].Mol Oncol,2012,6(1):81-87

    • [16] TRIGUEROS ⁃MOTOS L,PÉREZ ⁃TORRAS S,CASADO F J,et al.Aquaporin 3(AQP3)participates in the cytotox⁃ ic response to nucleoside⁃derived drugs[J].BMC Cancer,2012,12(1):434

    • [17] LI A,LU D,ZHANG Y,et al.Critical role of aquaporin⁃3 in epidermal growth factor⁃induced migration of colorectal carcinoma cells and its clinical significance[J].Oncol Rep,2013,29(2):535-540

    • [18] HOOGEWIJS D,VOGLER M,ZWENGER E,et al.Oxy⁃ gen ⁃ dependent regulation of aquaporin ⁃ 3 expression[J].Hypoxia(Auckl),2016,4:91-97

    • [19] 孙艳丽,陈飞,陈武.缺氧诱导因子⁃1α及Foxp3在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义[J].中国实验诊断学,2019,23(5):770-773

    • [20] WEI T T,LIN Y T,TANG S P,et al.Metabolic targeting of HIF⁃1α potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer[J].Oncogene,2020,39(2):414-427

    • [21] LIN M C,LIN J J,HSU C L,et al.GATA3 interacts with and stabilizes HIF⁃1α to enhance cancer cell invasiveness [J].Oncogene,2017,36(30):4380

    • [22] AGRER.The aquaporin water channels[J].Proc Am Tho⁃ rac Soc,2006,3(1):5-13

    • [23] CHEN G,SHI Y,LIU M,et al.circHIPK3 regulates cell proliferation and migration by sponging miR⁃124 and regu⁃ lating AQP3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Cell Death Dis,2018,9(2):175

    • [24] SATOOKA H,HARA ⁃ CHIKUMA M.Aquaporin ⁃ 3 con⁃ trols breast cancer cell migration by regulating hydrogen peroxide transport and its downstream cell signaling[J].Mol Cell Biol,2016,36(7):1206-1218

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    • [4] SEMENZA G L.Oxygen sensing,hypoxia ⁃inducible fac⁃ tors,and disease pathophysiology[J].Annu Rev Pathol,2014,9(1):47-71

    • [5] 吴飏,刘东方,张纯,等.缺氧微环境中胰腺星状细胞通过CCL7/CCR5轴促进胰腺癌侵袭[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(5):521-525,543

    • [6] MUZ B,DE LA PUENTE P,AZAB F,et al.The role of hy⁃ poxia in cancer progression,angiogenesis,metastasis,and resistance to therapy[J].Hypoxia(Auckl),2015,3:83-92

    • [7] LEE G Y,CHUN Y S,SHIN H W,et al.Potential role of the N ⁃MYC downstream ⁃ regulated gene family in repro⁃ gramming cancer metabolism under hypoxia[J].Oncotar⁃ get,2016,7(35):57442-57451

    • [8] BARAN N,KONOPLEVA M.Molecular pathways:hypoxia⁃ activated prodrugs in cancer therapy[J].Clin Cancer Res,2017,23(10):2382-2390

    • [9] ROSCIGNO G,PUOTI I,GIORDANO I,et al.MiR ⁃24 induces chemotherapy resistance and hypoxic advantage in breast cancer[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(12):19507-19521

    • [10] DANZA K,SILVESTRIS N,SIMONE G,et al.Role of miR ⁃27a,miR⁃181a and miR⁃20b in gastric cancer hypoxia⁃ induced chemoresistance[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2016,17(4):400-406

    • [11] HARA⁃CHIKUMA M,WATANABE S,SATOOKA H.In⁃ volvement of aquaporin ⁃ 3 in epidermal growth factor re⁃ ceptor signaling via hydrogen peroxide transport in cancer cells[J].BiochemBiophys Res Commun,2016,471(4):603-609

    • [12] HARA ⁃CHIKUMA M,SATOOKA H,WATANABE S,et al.Aquaporin⁃3⁃mediated hydrogen peroxide transport is required for NF⁃κB signalling in keratinocytes and devel⁃ opment of psoriasis[J].Nat Commun,2015,6(1):7454

    • [13] THIAGARAJAH J R,CHANG J,GOETTEL J A,et al.Aquaporin ⁃ 3 mediates hydrogen peroxide ⁃ dependent re⁃ sponses to environmental stress in colonic epithelia[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2017,114(3):568-573

    • [14] DONG X,WANG Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Aquaporin 3 facili⁃ tates chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells to cisplatin via autophagy[J].Cell Death Discov,2016,2(1):16087

    • [15] GAO L,GAO Y,LI X,et al.Aquaporins mediate the che⁃ moresistance of human melanoma cells to arsenite[J].Mol Oncol,2012,6(1):81-87

    • [16] TRIGUEROS ⁃MOTOS L,PÉREZ ⁃TORRAS S,CASADO F J,et al.Aquaporin 3(AQP3)participates in the cytotox⁃ ic response to nucleoside⁃derived drugs[J].BMC Cancer,2012,12(1):434

    • [17] LI A,LU D,ZHANG Y,et al.Critical role of aquaporin⁃3 in epidermal growth factor⁃induced migration of colorectal carcinoma cells and its clinical significance[J].Oncol Rep,2013,29(2):535-540

    • [18] HOOGEWIJS D,VOGLER M,ZWENGER E,et al.Oxy⁃ gen ⁃ dependent regulation of aquaporin ⁃ 3 expression[J].Hypoxia(Auckl),2016,4:91-97

    • [19] 孙艳丽,陈飞,陈武.缺氧诱导因子⁃1α及Foxp3在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义[J].中国实验诊断学,2019,23(5):770-773

    • [20] WEI T T,LIN Y T,TANG S P,et al.Metabolic targeting of HIF⁃1α potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer[J].Oncogene,2020,39(2):414-427

    • [21] LIN M C,LIN J J,HSU C L,et al.GATA3 interacts with and stabilizes HIF⁃1α to enhance cancer cell invasiveness [J].Oncogene,2017,36(30):4380

    • [22] AGRER.The aquaporin water channels[J].Proc Am Tho⁃ rac Soc,2006,3(1):5-13

    • [23] CHEN G,SHI Y,LIU M,et al.circHIPK3 regulates cell proliferation and migration by sponging miR⁃124 and regu⁃ lating AQP3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Cell Death Dis,2018,9(2):175

    • [24] SATOOKA H,HARA ⁃ CHIKUMA M.Aquaporin ⁃ 3 con⁃ trols breast cancer cell migration by regulating hydrogen peroxide transport and its downstream cell signaling[J].Mol Cell Biol,2016,36(7):1206-1218