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通讯作者:

王莉,E⁃mail:lilyw7878@163.com

中图分类号:R553

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2021)04-551-06

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20210413

参考文献 1
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参考文献 14
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参考文献 15
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参考文献 23
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参考文献 24
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目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探索红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)在华氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom macroglobu⁃ linemia,WM)患者中的预后价值。方法:回顾性分析2009年6月—2018年9月在南京医科大学第一附属医院诊断为WM的患者资料。依据受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,确定RDW预测无进展生存期(progression⁃free sur⁃ vival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)的最佳截断值。单因素及多因素Cox生存分析探索PFS和OS的影响因素。结果: 78例初诊WM患者纳入本研究,ROC曲线确定RDW的最佳截断值为16.4%。中位随访39.5个月,初诊时高RDW水平WM患者具有更差的生存结局。多因素分析显示,高RDW水平是影响PFS和OS的独立不良因素。此外,RDW联合改良国际预后积分系统能够改善WM的预后分层。结论:RDW为临床上简便可行的参数,可用来预测WM的预后。

    Abstract

    Objective:This study investigated the clinical significance of red blood cell distribution width(RDW)in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia(WM). Methods:Data of patients diagnosed with WM in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2009 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The best cut⁃off value of RDW was determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to find out the factors of progression ⁃ free survival (PFS)and overall survival(OS). Results:Seventy ⁃ eight patients were finially enrolled in this study. The ROC curve indicated that 16.4% was the best cut⁃off value to predict survival outcomes. The median follow⁃up time was 39.5 months,patients with a high level of RDW(>16.4%)had worse survival outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed that a high level of RDW was an independent risk factor for PFS and OS. Furthermore,a high level of RDW together with the revised international prognostic score system for WM improved the prognostic capacity of WM. Conclusion:RDW is a feasible clinical parameter which could be used to predict the prognosis of WM.

  • 华氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom macroglobulin⁃ emia,WM)是一种惰性且难以治愈的非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤,以血清单克隆免疫球蛋白M(immuno⁃ globulin M,IgM)升高和浆细胞样淋巴细胞骨髓浸润为特点。其发病较隐匿,贫血、出血、反复感染和高黏滞综合征等是WM患者就诊常见临床表现。少数患者会出现冷球蛋白血症、肝脾肿大或淋巴结肿大。国际预后评分系统(international prognostic scoring system for WM,IPSSWM)是较公认的预后评估系统之一,其包括5个预后因素,即年龄>65岁、血红蛋白水平≤115g/L、血小板计数≤100×109 个/L、血清β2⁃微球蛋白(β2⁃microglobulin,β2⁃MG)>3.0mg/L和单克隆IgM>70g/L。根据这5个预后因素,WM患者可划分为低、中或高危3个不同的风险组。3组5年总生存率分别为87%、68%和36%[1]。最近,改良的预后评分系统(revised international prognostic score system for WM,rIPSSWM)包括高龄、高β2⁃MG水平、低血清白蛋白水平和高乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平这4个预后因素被证实可以改善接受免疫化学治疗患者的风险分层[2]。根据改良后的预后积分,患者被划分为极低危、低危、中危、高危或极高危组,5组患者的5年总生存率分别为95%、86%、78%、47%和36%[2]

  • 红细胞分布宽度(red blood distribution width, RDW)是血常规中常见检验参数,是反映外周血红细胞大小不均一性的指标,临床上常与其他指标联合来判断贫血的病因[3]。RDW被报道与炎症性疾病[4-6]、心血管系统疾病[7-8] 和恶性肿瘤包括肺癌、消化道肿瘤、泌尿系统肿瘤、乳腺癌等[9-13] 的预后相关。近年来,研究发现RDW是包括慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukemia,CLL)、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B⁃cell lymphoma,DLBCL)、套细胞淋巴瘤(mantle cell lymphoma,MCL)、结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(extra⁃nodal NK/T⁃cell lymphoma,ENK⁃ TL)和多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)在内的多种血液系统肿瘤的独立预后因素[14-20]。然而,RDW在WM中的意义仍未明确,本研究就RDW在WM患者中的预后价值进行探索。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 本研究共纳入2009年6月—2018年9月在南京医科大学第一附属医院血液科确诊为WM的78例患者。所有患者的诊断均遵循2016年WHO淋巴肿瘤分类标准[21]。收集这些患者初诊时的临床资料。 78例WM患者中,3例患者无明确治疗指征,9例患者拒绝治疗,66例患者接受WM相关治疗:化学治疗(包括细胞毒性药物、核苷类似物、蛋白酶体抑制剂)、免疫治疗(包括单克隆抗体)和化学免疫治疗。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均知情同意。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 收集初次就诊时包括年龄、性别、RDW、血红蛋白水平、血小板计数、IgM、白蛋白、LDH、C反应蛋白 (C⁃reactive protein,CRP)、β2⁃MG、风险分层等在内的临床资料。风险分层包括IPSSWM评分和rIPSS⁃ WM评分。IPSSWM评分:年龄>65岁、血红蛋白水平≤115g/L、血小板计数≤100×109 个/L、β2⁃MG>3.0mg/L及单克隆IgM>70g/L各计1分,5项总和即为IPSSWM评分;根据评分将患者分为低危(0或1分且年龄≤65岁)、中危(2分或年龄>65岁)或高危 (>2分)组。rIPSSWM评分:年龄≤65岁计0分,66~75岁计1分,≥76岁计2分,此外β2⁃MG≥4.0mg/L、血清白蛋白<35g/L和LDH>正常值上限各计1分, 4项总和即为rIPSSWM评分,根据评分将患者分为极低危(0分)、低危(1分)、中危(2分)、高危(3分) 或极高危(4~5分)组。根据文献报道的相关风险组5年总生存率[1-2],将IPSSWM评分、rIPSSWM评分的截断值设为2分。我院血常规中RDW的正常参考值范围为10.0%~15.7%。所有患者采用门诊系统或电话定期随访,直至患者发生死亡或失访。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 本研究运用Graphpad Prism 8、SPSS 23.0和MedCalc 15.2.2软件进行统计学分析。符合正态分布的连续性变量以平均值±标准差(x- ± s)表示,不符合正态分布的连续性变量以中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示。连续性变量应用 t 检验或Mann ⁃ Whitney U检验进行分析,分类变量采用Fisher确切概率法进行分析。Spearman相关分析比较RDW与其他变量之间的关系。无进展生存(progression⁃free survival,PFS)定义为从确诊WM到第1次出现疾病进展、死亡或末次随访时间。总生存(overall survival, OS)定义为从确诊WM到死亡或末次随访时间。使用Kaplan⁃Meier生存曲线和Cox回归模型分析生存状况。计算RDW联合现有预后积分系统的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),评估其在WM预后分层中的准确性。P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 基线特征

  • 本研究纳入78例WM患者,其中男62例 (79.5%),女16例(20.5%)。中位年龄为63(34~82)岁,其中65岁以上31例(39.7%),75岁以上7例 (9.0%)。通过ROC曲线,确定RDW 16.4%为预测生存的最佳截断值,将患者分为两组,比较两组患者基线变量的差异。与RDW≤16.4%组相比, RDW>16.4%组初诊时血红蛋白水平更低(P < 0.001),血清β2⁃MG水平(P=0.005)和IgM水平(P=0.041)更高(表1)。Spearman相关分析显示,RDW与血红蛋白水平(P <0.001,r=-0.595)、白蛋白水平 (P=0.019,r=-0.266)呈负相关,与CRP(P=0.013,r=0.32 7)、IgM水平(P=0.012,r=0.287)、β2⁃MG水平 (P=0.014,r=0.282)呈正相关。RDW与年龄、血小板计数、LDH无明显相关性。

  • 2.2 生存分析

  • 中位随访时间为39.5(范围1.0~99.0)个月。低RDW水平患者的中位PFS(P=0.001)和中位OS(P=0.00 2)均未达到。与RDW≤16.4%组相比,RDW> 16.4%组患者具有更差的生存结局,其中位PFS为48.0(范围1.0~83.0)个月,中位OS为59.0(范围1.0~86.0)个月(图1)。将IPSSWM、rIPSSWM中的预后因素和RDW代入单变量Cox回归分析(表2),发现RDW具有一定的预后意义。将RDW、IPSSWM评分 >2分和rIPSSWM评分>2分代入多因素分析(表3),结果表明,高RDW水平是PFS(HR=4.565,95%CI:1.872~11.130,P=0.001)和OS(HR=4.306,95%CI:1.630~11.375,P=0.003)的独立预后因素。同时, rIPSSWM评分>2分是PFS(HR=3.145,95%CI:1.207~8.198,P=0.019)和OS(HR=3.066,95%CI:1.110~8.471,P=0.031)的独立预后因素,遗憾的是,IPSS⁃ WM评分>2分在本人群中并未发现明显统计学意义。

  • 表1 78例华氏巨球蛋白血症患者的临床特征

  • Table1 Clinical characteristics of 78patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

  • *:RDW≤16.4%组31例,RDW>16.4%组26例,合计57例。

  • 2.3 亚组分析

  • 为进一步探讨RDW在WM患者中的预后价值,将78例患者分为两组:rIPSSWM评分>2分组(n=28)和rIPSSWM评分≤2分组(n=50)。如图2所示,在rIPSSWM评分>2分的患者中,高RDW水平患者具有较短的OS(P=0.040),并表现出较短的PFS趋势(P=0.051)。在rIPSSWM评分≤2分的患者中,高RDW水平与较短的PFS(P=0.008)和OS(P=0.029) 有关。对rIPSSWM中的4个预后因素进行亚组分析,在年龄>65岁(66~75岁或≥76岁)(P=0.015)、血清β2⁃MG≥4.0mg/L(P=0.009)、白蛋白<35g/L (P=0.001)的患者中,高RDW水平与较短的PFS相关。同时,在年龄>65岁(P=0.038)、血清β2⁃MG≥4.0mg/L(P=0.016)、白蛋白<35g/L(P=0.002)和LDH>正常值上限(P=0.038)的患者中,高RDW水平均与较短的OS有关(图3)。

  • 图1 78例WM患者Kaplan⁃Meier生存分析

  • Fig.1 Kaplan ⁃ Meier survival analysis of 78WM patients

  • 2.4 高RDW水平联合rIPSSWM在评估WM预后中的作用

  • 将rIPSSWM中预后因素进行亚组分析,高RDW水平表现出明显预后意义。因此,我们联合高RDW水平和rIPSSWM来进一步评估WM的预后。比较rIPSSWM和rIPSSWM⁃RDW(rIPSSWM⁃R)在评估PFS和OS在ROC曲线下面积(图4)。在PFS方面,rIPSSWM ⁃R的曲线下面积是0.670(SE=0.063, 95%CI:0.554~0.772),rIPSSWM的曲线下面积是0.598(SE=0.067,95%CI:0.481~0.708),两者比较, P=0.004(图4A)。在OS方面,rIPSSWM⁃R的曲线下面积为0.668(SE=0.067,95%CI:0.553~0.771), rIPSSWM的曲线下面积为0.600(SE=0.070,95%CI: 0.483~0.710),两者比较,P=0.008(图4B)。综上所述,RDW联合rIPSSWM比rIPSSWM更准确地预测WM患者的OS和PFS。

  • 表2 影响WM患者预后的单因素Cox回归分析

  • Table2 Univariate Cox regression analysis for PFS and OS of WM patients

  • 表3 影响WM患者预后的多因素Cox回归分析

  • Table3 Multivariate Cox regression analysis for PFS and OS of WM patients

  • 图2 RDW在rIPSSWM评分亚组中对无进展生存和总生存的预后意义

  • Fig.2 Prognostic significance of RDW for PFS and OS in the rIPSSWM score subgroup

  • 3 讨论

  • WM是一种发病率低的惰性B细胞淋巴瘤,其临床表现异质性高,易造成误诊。有效的预后评估系统,如rIPSSWM和IPSSWM,可以帮助临床决策。此外,有研究报道一些其他的生物标志物,如D⁃二聚体,在WM预后中的意义[22]。为进一步探索WM的预后因素,在我院进行回顾性研究,最终发现高RDW水平提示不良预后。据报道,高RDW水平在CML、CLL、 DLBCL、MCL、ENKTL和MM等多种血液系统恶性肿瘤中与不良预后相关[14-20]。然而,其详细机制仍未明确。

  • WM患者的RDW水平可能受到贫血的影响。据报道,WM患者发生贫血主要与铁调素(hepcidin) 有关。铁调素是一种重要的铁稳态调节剂[23-24],其主要通过抑制单核吞噬系统中铁的释放从而在炎性贫血中发挥作用。Ciccarelli等[23] 研究表明,铁调素水平与WM患者的血清白介素⁃6和CRP水平相关。多项研究报道RDW与炎性细胞因子如高敏CRP、血沉、白介素⁃6、可溶性转铁蛋白受体等相关[25],这提示RDW可能反映WM患者机体内的炎症微环境。Spearman相关性分析发现,RDW与血红蛋白水平相关(负相关),还与其他反映肿瘤负荷的参数,如IgM水平、β2⁃MG水平相关(正相关)。此外,RDW被报道与肿瘤患者体内铁、白蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12等营养指标有关[26]。本研究相关性分析提示RDW与血清白蛋白水平呈负相关,说明RDW可能反映WM患者自身营养状况。综上所述,RDW在反映WM患者肿瘤负荷、炎症和营养状况方面具有很大价值。

  • 图3 RDW在年龄、β2⁃微球蛋白、白蛋白及LDH亚组的预后分析

  • Fig.3 Prognostic analysis of RDW in age,β2⁃MG,albumin and LDH subgroups

  • 图4 RDW联合rIPSSWM在无进展生存(A)及总生存(B)的预后价值

  • Fig.4 The prognostic value of RDW combined with rIPSSWM in progression⁃free survival(A)and overall survival(B)

  • 本研究回顾性分析78例初诊WM患者的临床特征及预后指标,结果表明高RDW水平是WM患者PFS和OS的独立预后因素,更有意义的是,RDW联合目前较为公认的WM预后积分系统,即rIPSSWM,能够更加有效地识别危险人群,进一步指导临床治疗。这是首个针对RDW在WM预后意义的研究。与其他回顾性研究一样,本研究存在一定的局限性和不足。研究仅纳入本中心患者,研究结果存在一定偏倚;研究发现RDW与常用炎症指标,即CRP之间存在明显相关性,然而本研究仅57例患者在确诊时进行CRP检测。RDW的预后意义仍需要在大样本量、多中心、动态性临床研究中验证。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] MOREL P,DUHAMEL A,GOBBI P,et al.International prognostic scoring system for Waldenstrom macroglobulin⁃ emia[J].Blood,2009,113(18):4163-4170

    • [2] KASTRITIS E,MOREL P,DUHAMEL A,et al.A revised international prognostic score system for Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia[J].Leukemia,2019,33(11):2654-2661

    • [3] LIPPI G,PLEBANI M.Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and human pathology.One size fits all[J].Clin Chem Lab Med,2014,52(9):1247-1249

    • [4] KATSAROS M,PASCHOS P,GIOULEME O.Red cell distribution width as a marker of activity in inflammatory bowel disease:a narrative review[J].Ann Gastroenterol,2020,33(4):348-354

    • [5] HU Z D,LIPPI G,MONTAGNANA M.Diagnostic and prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width in sepsis:a narrative review[J].Clin Biochem,2020,77:1-6

    • [6] 王箴,沈光贵,汪彤,等.红细胞分布宽度及其动态变化在评估重症急性胰腺炎患者预后中的价值[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(10):1218-1221,1240

    • [7] PARIZADEH S M,JAFARZADEH ⁃ ESFEHANI R,BAHREYNI A,et al.The diagnostic and prognostic value of red cell distribution width in cardiovascular disease;current status and prospective[J].Biofactors,2019,45(4):507-516

    • [8] HAYBAR H,PEZESHKI S M,SAKI N.Evaluation of com⁃ plete blood count parameters in cardiovascular diseases:an early indicator of prognosis?[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2019,110:104267

    • [9] 杨滇宇,权文强,孙祖俊,等.RDW在恶性肿瘤诊疗中的最新应用[J].检验医学,2018,33(9):844-849

    • [10] WANG Y,ZHOU Y J,ZHOU K,et al.Prognostic value of pre ⁃ treatment red blood cell distribution width in lung cancer:a meta ⁃ analysis[J].Biomarkers,2020,25(3):241-247

    • [11] YANG D,QUAN W,WU J,et al.The value of red blood cell distribution width in diagnosis of patients with colorectal cancer[J].Clin Chim Acta,2018,479:98-102

    • [12] ALBAYRAK S,ZENGIN K,TANIK S,et al.Red cell dis⁃ tribution width as a predictor of prostate cancer progres⁃ sion[J].Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention,2014,15(18):7781-7784

    • [13] YAO D S,WANG Z W,CAI H F,et al.Relationship be⁃ tween red cell distribution width and prognosis in patients with breast cancer after operation:a retrospective cohort study[J].Biosci Rep,2019,39(7):BSR20190740

    • [14] IRIYAMA N,HATTA Y,KOBAYASHI S,et al.Higher red blood cell distribution width is an adverse prognostic factor in chronic ⁃ phase chronic myeloid leukemia pa⁃ tients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors[J].Antican⁃ cer Res,2015,35(10):5473-5478

    • [15] PODHORECKA M,HALICKA D,SZYMCZYK A,et al.Assessment of red blood cell distribution width as a prog⁃ nostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia[J].Onco⁃ target,2016,7(22):32846-32853

    • [16] ZHOU S,FANG F,CHEN H,et al.Prognostic signifi⁃ cance of the red blood cell distribution width in diffuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma patients[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(25):40724-40731

    • [17] 王鑫,吴重阳,曾鹏云,等.红细胞分布宽度和纤维蛋白原水平对判断弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者疗效及预后的价值[J].中国实验血液学杂志,2020,28(1):153-159

    • [18] MIAO Y,ZHOU X H,GUO J J,et al.Association of red blood cell distribution width and outcomes in patients with mantle cell lymphoma[J].Cancer Med,2019,8(6):2751-2758

    • [19] LUO H C,QUAN X Y,SONG X Y,et al.Red blood cell distribution width as a predictor of survival in nasal⁃type,extranodal natural killer/T ⁃ cell lymphoma[J].Oncotar⁃ get,2017,8(54):92522-92535

    • [20] WANG J,XIE X,CHENG F,et al.Evaluation of pretreat⁃ ment red cell distribution width in patients with multiple myeloma[J].Cancer Biomark,2017,20(3):267-272

    • [21] SWERDLOW S H,CAMPO E,PILERI S A,et al.The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classifica⁃ tion of lymphoid neoplasms[J].Blood,2016,127(20):2375-2390

    • [22] CAO X,KONG Y L,WANG L,et al.High plasma D⁃di⁃ mer level is a poor prognostic factor for patients with waldenström macroglobulinemia[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2020,61(5):1140-1146

    • [23] CICCARELLI B T,PATTERSON C J,HUNTER Z R,et al.Hepcidin is produced by lymphoplasmacytic cells and is associated with anemia in Waldenström's macroglobu⁃ linemia[J].Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk,2011,11(1):160-163

    • [24] TREON S P,TRIPSAS C K,CICCARELLI B T,et al.Pa⁃ tients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia commonly present with Iron deficiency and those with severely de⁃ pressed transferrin saturation levels show response to par⁃ enteral Iron administration[J].Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk,2013,13(2):241-243

    • [25] LIPPI G,TARGHER G,MONTAGNANA M,et al.Rela⁃ tion between red blood cell distribution width and inflam⁃ matory biomarkers in a large cohort of unselected outpa⁃ tients[J].Arch Pathol Lab Med,2009,133(4):628-632

    • [26] ZHAO T,CUI L,LI A.The significance of RDW in pa⁃ tients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection [J].Cancer Biomark,2016,16(4):507-512

  • 参考文献

    • [1] MOREL P,DUHAMEL A,GOBBI P,et al.International prognostic scoring system for Waldenstrom macroglobulin⁃ emia[J].Blood,2009,113(18):4163-4170

    • [2] KASTRITIS E,MOREL P,DUHAMEL A,et al.A revised international prognostic score system for Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia[J].Leukemia,2019,33(11):2654-2661

    • [3] LIPPI G,PLEBANI M.Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and human pathology.One size fits all[J].Clin Chem Lab Med,2014,52(9):1247-1249

    • [4] KATSAROS M,PASCHOS P,GIOULEME O.Red cell distribution width as a marker of activity in inflammatory bowel disease:a narrative review[J].Ann Gastroenterol,2020,33(4):348-354

    • [5] HU Z D,LIPPI G,MONTAGNANA M.Diagnostic and prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width in sepsis:a narrative review[J].Clin Biochem,2020,77:1-6

    • [6] 王箴,沈光贵,汪彤,等.红细胞分布宽度及其动态变化在评估重症急性胰腺炎患者预后中的价值[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(10):1218-1221,1240

    • [7] PARIZADEH S M,JAFARZADEH ⁃ ESFEHANI R,BAHREYNI A,et al.The diagnostic and prognostic value of red cell distribution width in cardiovascular disease;current status and prospective[J].Biofactors,2019,45(4):507-516

    • [8] HAYBAR H,PEZESHKI S M,SAKI N.Evaluation of com⁃ plete blood count parameters in cardiovascular diseases:an early indicator of prognosis?[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2019,110:104267

    • [9] 杨滇宇,权文强,孙祖俊,等.RDW在恶性肿瘤诊疗中的最新应用[J].检验医学,2018,33(9):844-849

    • [10] WANG Y,ZHOU Y J,ZHOU K,et al.Prognostic value of pre ⁃ treatment red blood cell distribution width in lung cancer:a meta ⁃ analysis[J].Biomarkers,2020,25(3):241-247

    • [11] YANG D,QUAN W,WU J,et al.The value of red blood cell distribution width in diagnosis of patients with colorectal cancer[J].Clin Chim Acta,2018,479:98-102

    • [12] ALBAYRAK S,ZENGIN K,TANIK S,et al.Red cell dis⁃ tribution width as a predictor of prostate cancer progres⁃ sion[J].Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention,2014,15(18):7781-7784

    • [13] YAO D S,WANG Z W,CAI H F,et al.Relationship be⁃ tween red cell distribution width and prognosis in patients with breast cancer after operation:a retrospective cohort study[J].Biosci Rep,2019,39(7):BSR20190740

    • [14] IRIYAMA N,HATTA Y,KOBAYASHI S,et al.Higher red blood cell distribution width is an adverse prognostic factor in chronic ⁃ phase chronic myeloid leukemia pa⁃ tients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors[J].Antican⁃ cer Res,2015,35(10):5473-5478

    • [15] PODHORECKA M,HALICKA D,SZYMCZYK A,et al.Assessment of red blood cell distribution width as a prog⁃ nostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia[J].Onco⁃ target,2016,7(22):32846-32853

    • [16] ZHOU S,FANG F,CHEN H,et al.Prognostic signifi⁃ cance of the red blood cell distribution width in diffuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma patients[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(25):40724-40731

    • [17] 王鑫,吴重阳,曾鹏云,等.红细胞分布宽度和纤维蛋白原水平对判断弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者疗效及预后的价值[J].中国实验血液学杂志,2020,28(1):153-159

    • [18] MIAO Y,ZHOU X H,GUO J J,et al.Association of red blood cell distribution width and outcomes in patients with mantle cell lymphoma[J].Cancer Med,2019,8(6):2751-2758

    • [19] LUO H C,QUAN X Y,SONG X Y,et al.Red blood cell distribution width as a predictor of survival in nasal⁃type,extranodal natural killer/T ⁃ cell lymphoma[J].Oncotar⁃ get,2017,8(54):92522-92535

    • [20] WANG J,XIE X,CHENG F,et al.Evaluation of pretreat⁃ ment red cell distribution width in patients with multiple myeloma[J].Cancer Biomark,2017,20(3):267-272

    • [21] SWERDLOW S H,CAMPO E,PILERI S A,et al.The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classifica⁃ tion of lymphoid neoplasms[J].Blood,2016,127(20):2375-2390

    • [22] CAO X,KONG Y L,WANG L,et al.High plasma D⁃di⁃ mer level is a poor prognostic factor for patients with waldenström macroglobulinemia[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2020,61(5):1140-1146

    • [23] CICCARELLI B T,PATTERSON C J,HUNTER Z R,et al.Hepcidin is produced by lymphoplasmacytic cells and is associated with anemia in Waldenström's macroglobu⁃ linemia[J].Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk,2011,11(1):160-163

    • [24] TREON S P,TRIPSAS C K,CICCARELLI B T,et al.Pa⁃ tients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia commonly present with Iron deficiency and those with severely de⁃ pressed transferrin saturation levels show response to par⁃ enteral Iron administration[J].Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk,2013,13(2):241-243

    • [25] LIPPI G,TARGHER G,MONTAGNANA M,et al.Rela⁃ tion between red blood cell distribution width and inflam⁃ matory biomarkers in a large cohort of unselected outpa⁃ tients[J].Arch Pathol Lab Med,2009,133(4):628-632

    • [26] ZHAO T,CUI L,LI A.The significance of RDW in pa⁃ tients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection [J].Cancer Biomark,2016,16(4):507-512