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通讯作者:

卢凯华,E⁃mail:lukaihua@njmu.edu.cn

中图分类号:R734.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2021)08-1196-07

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20210814

参考文献 1
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参考文献 2
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参考文献 4
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参考文献 5
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参考文献 6
SHENG M M,WANG F,ZHAO Y G,et al.Comparison of clinical outcomes of patients with non⁃small⁃cell lung can⁃ cer harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 or exon 21 mutations after tyrosine kinase inhibitors treat⁃ ment:a meta⁃analysis[J].Eur J Clin Pharmacol,2016,72(1):1-11
参考文献 7
JAMES C H Y,WU Y L,SCHULER M,et al.Afatinib ver⁃ sus cisplatin⁃based chemotherapy for EGFR mutation⁃pos⁃ itive lung adenocarcinoma(LUX ⁃Lung 3 and LUX ⁃Lung 6):analysis of overall survival data from two randomised,phase 3 trials[J].Lancet Oncol,2015,16(2):141-151
参考文献 8
YUKIO H,MORITA S,SUGAWARA S,et al.Gefitinib alone versus gefitinib plus chemotherapy for non ⁃ small ⁃ cell lung cancer with mutated epidermal growth factor re⁃ ceptor:NEJ009 Study[J].J Clin Oncol,2020,38(2):115-123
参考文献 9
YING C,MURAKAMI H,YANG P C,et al.Randomized phase II trial of gefitinib with and without pemetrexed as first⁃line therapy in patients with advanced nonsquamous non ⁃ small ⁃ cell lung cancer with activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations[J].J Clin Oncol,2016,34(27):3258-3266
参考文献 10
王国群,吴魏芹,王茜,等.盐酸埃克替尼联合化疗对比盐酸埃克替尼单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的回顾性分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(5):727-731
参考文献 11
ZHU J Q,ZHONG W Z,ZHANG G C,et al.Better surviv⁃ al with EGFR exon 19 than exon 21 mutations in gefitinib⁃ treated non⁃small cell lung cancer patients is due to differ⁃ ential inhibition of downstream signals[J].Cancer Lett,2008,265(2):307-317
参考文献 12
HONG S D,GAO F F,FU S,et al.Concomitant genetic al⁃ terations with response to treatment and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR ⁃ mutant advanced non ⁃ small cell lung cancer[J].JAMA Oncology,2018,4(5):739
参考文献 13
SHI Y K,WANG L,HAN B H,et al.First ⁃line icotinib versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus pemetrexed mainte⁃ nance therapy for patients with advanced EGFR mutation⁃ positive lung adenocarcinoma(CONVINCE):a phase 3,open ⁃label,randomized study[J].Ann.Oncol.,2017,28(10):2443-2450
参考文献 14
XU L S,QI Q,ZHANG Y,et al.Combination of icotinib and chemotherapy as first ⁃ line treatment for advanced lung adenocarcinoma in patients with sensitive EGFR mu⁃ tations:a randomized controlled study[J].Lung Cancer,2019,133:23-31
参考文献 15
CUI J D,ZHANG Y,SU D,et al.Efficacy of combined ic⁃ otinib and pemetrexed in EGFR mutant lung adenocarci⁃ noma cell line xenografts[J].Thorac Cancer,2018,9(9):1156-1165
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:观察表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)21 外显子突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌(non⁃ small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者在接受埃克替尼单药或联合含铂双药化疗一线治疗中与EFGR19外显子突变患者的疗效差异。方法:回顾性分析2012年8月—2020年10月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的174例EGFR突变阳性初治晚期NSCLC 患者,其中EGFR21外显子突变82例,38例埃克替尼单药治疗,44例埃克替尼联合含铂双药治疗;EGFR19外显子突变92例, 43例埃克替尼单药治疗,49例埃克替尼联合含铂双药化疗。分别比较EGFR21及19突变患者在两组治疗方案中的客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)、疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)、无进展生存期(progression⁃free survival,PFS)、总生存期(overall survival,OS)的差异。结果:埃克替尼单药治疗的患者中,EGFR21外显子突变患者的中位PFS较EGFR19外显子突变患者减少3.5个月(9.5个月vs. 13.0个月,P =0.046),中位OS、治疗1个周期后ORR、DCR无显著差异(P > 0.05)。埃克替尼联合含铂双药化疗的患者中,EGFR21外显子突变患者较19外显子突变患者PFS、OS、治疗1周期后ORR、DCR无显著差异(P > 0.05)。EGFR21外显子突变患者中,联合组中位PFS较单药组延长5.8个月(15.3个月vs. 9.5个月,P =0.002),中位OS较单药组延长20.2个月(46.0个月vs. 25.8个月,P =0.004),两组患者治疗1周期后ORR、DCR无显著差异(P > 0.05)。EGFR19外显子突变患者中,联合组中位PFS较单药组延长9.1个月(22.1个月vs. 13.0个月,P < 0.001),中位OS较单药组延长35个月(61.0个月 vs. 26.0个月,P < 0.001),两组患者治疗1周期后ORR、DCR无显著差异(P > 0.05)。结论:对于EGFR敏感突变的晚期NSCLC 患者,埃克替尼联合化疗一线治疗对比埃克替尼单药治疗,可显著改善PFS及OS,尤其应用于21外显子突变患者中可取得与 19外显子突变患者相当的PFS及OS。

    Abstract

    Objective:This study compared prognoses of advanced non⁃small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 or 21 mutations after two types of first ⁃ line treatment:Icotinib hydrochloride alone or icotinib combined with chemotherapy. Methods:The clinical data of 174 patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2012 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Totally,82 cases carried EGFR 21 exon mutation,38 cases received first⁃ line Icotinib therapy,while 44 cases received icotinib combined with the chemotherapy. 92 cases were with the presence of EGFR19 exon mutation,43 cases received first⁃line icotinib therapy,and 49 cases received iotinib combined with chemotherapy. We compared differences in objective response rate,disease control rate,progression ⁃free survival,and overall survival between EGFR 21 and 19 exon mutation patients after receiving different treatment regimens. Results:Among the patients receiving icotinib treatment,the patients with EGFR21 mutation had a median PFS that was 3.5 months shorter than those with 19 mutation(9.5 months vs. 13.0 months,P =0.046). There were no significant differences in the median OS,ORR and DCR after 1 cycle of treatment(P > 0.05). Among patients receiving icotinib combined with chemotherapy,there was no significant difference in PFS,OS,ORR and DCR after 1 cycle of treatment in patients with EGFR exon 21 mutation compared to patients with EGFR exon 19 mutation(P > 0.05). Among patients with EGFR 21 exon mutations,the median PFS was 5.8 months longer in the combination group compared to the single⁃agent group(15.3 months vs. 9.5 months,P =0.002)and the median OS was 20.2 months longer than in the single⁃agent group(46.0 months vs. 25.8 months,P =0.004). There was no significant difference in ORR or DCR between the two groups after one cycle of treatment(P > 0.05). Among patients with EGFR 19 exon mutations,median PFS was 9.1 months longer in the combination group compared to the single⁃agent group(22.1 months vs. 13.0 months,P < 0.001)and median OS was 35 months longer in the combination group compared to the single⁃agent group(61.0 months vs. 26.0 months,P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in ORR and DCR between the two groups after one cycle of treatment(P > 0.05). Conclusion:For patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR⁃sensitive mutations, first⁃line treatment with icotinib combined with chemotherapy significantly improved PFS and OS compared with icotinib monotherapy. In particular,the PFS and OS in patients with EGFR 21 exon mutations were comparable to those in patients with EGFR 19 exon mutations.

  • 基因检测技术的发展推动了肺癌分子生物学水平的研究,晚期非小细胞肺癌(non⁃small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的靶向治疗也因此进入了新的时代。表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor re⁃ ceptor,EGFR)是NSCLC重要的驱动基因,高达50%的亚洲NSCLC患者及10%~15%的西方患者均携带EGFR突变,以肺腺癌患者多见[1],其中EGFR19外显子缺失突变及21外显子点突变最为常见,这2种突变被称为EGFR经典突变,共计占非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变的85%[2]。EGFR⁃酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(ty⁃ rosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)通过竞争性结合EGFR的ATP结合位点,抑制肿瘤细胞与EGFR相关的酪氨酸激酶活性,阻断下游信号通路的转导,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,发挥抗肿瘤作用[2]。一线使用EGFR⁃ TKI治疗晚期NSCLC,较传统化疗在客观缓解率(ob⁃ jective response rate,ORR)及无进展生存期(progres⁃ sion⁃free survival,PFS)上表现出了明显优势[3-5]。进一步的事后分析及间接对比研究显示,EGFR19外显子缺失突变患者在接受EGFR⁃TKI治疗后,较传统化疗表现出了更高的应答率、PFS及总生存期 (overall survival,OS),具有总体生存优势,而EG⁃ FR21外显子突变的患者却未获得明显的OS改善[6-7]。如何进一步提高EGFR21外显子突变患者的生存获益,是临床医生密切关注的问题。多项临床研究发现,EGFR⁃TKI联合化疗的PFS及OS显著优于EGFR⁃TKI单药治疗[48-9]。本课题组前期对144例晚期NSCLC患者进行回顾性分析[10],提示埃克替尼联合化疗对比单药治疗明显延长患者中位PFS及OS,不良反应可耐受。本研究在前期研究的基础上,回顾性分析174例初治晚期EGFR21与19外显子突变的NSCLC患者,在接受埃克替尼单药或联合含铂双药化疗一线治疗后的近期及远期疗效差异,以期为提高EGFR21外显子突变的晚期NSCLC患者的生存获益探索治疗方案。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 2012年8月—2020年10月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的174例EGFR19或21外显子突变的晚期NSCLC患者,分为单药组和联合组,并将每组分为19突变亚组及21突变亚组。均为局部晚期或复发转移失去手术机会的经美国癌症联合委员会(American Joint Committee on Cancer,AJCC)TNM分期ⅢB期及以上患者,且存在至少1个可客观评估疗效的靶病灶。单药组81例,EGFR19外显子缺失突变43例,EGFR21外显子L858R突变38例; 联合组93例,EGFR19外显子缺失突变49例,EG⁃ FR21外显子L858R突变44例。两组中19突变亚组及21突变亚组患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、ECOG评分、病理类型、临床分期进行比较分析,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05,表1)。本研究经本院伦理委员会审查和批准,并知情同意。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 单药组患者均一线接受埃克替尼(凯美纳,杭州贝达药业股份有限公司)3次/d,每次125mg口服治疗。联合组患者均在单药组治疗基础上,同步联合含铂双药方案化疗,每21d为1个周期。

  • 两组患者治疗前均接受肿瘤标志物、胸腹部增强CT、头颅MRI、骨ECT检查。治疗第1周期结束后复查前述项目,以后每2个周期进行复查,患者用药直至肿瘤发生客观依据上的进展或出现无法耐受的不良反应。不良反应的严重程度根据常见不良反应事件评价标准(common terminology criteria for adverse events,CTCAE)5.0评估。

  • 按照实体瘤疗效评价标准(response evaluation criteria in solid tumor,RECIST)1.1进行疗效评估,分为完全缓解(complete response,CR)、部分缓解(partial remission,PR)、病情稳定(stable disease,SD)、疾病进展(progressive disease,PD),ORR为CR及PR所占的比率,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)为CR+PR+SD的人群所占的比率。PFS定义为从首次接受用药到肿瘤发生进展或因任何原因死亡的时间。OS定义为从用药开始至因任何原因死亡的时间。随访截至2021年3月15日。截至随访时间无进展的病例,在统计时视作删失数据。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。满足正态分布的连续数据资料以均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示,采用t检验比较组间差异。计数资料以率(%)表示,采用χ2 检验比较组间差异。采用Kaplan⁃Meier法进行单因素生存分析,绘制生存曲线,并用Log⁃Rank法比较生存曲线之间的差异。P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 EGFR21/19 外显子突变患者接受埃克替尼单药治疗疗效比较

  • 埃克替尼单药治疗1个周期后,21突变组对比19突变组ORR及DCR无统计学差异(P> 0.05,表2)。

  • 采用Kaplan⁃Meier法单因素分析可得,在接受埃克替尼单药治疗后,21突变组中位PFS为9.5个月 (95%CI:8.031~10.969个月),19突变组中位PFS为13.0个月(95%CI:11.404~14.596个月),两组PFS比较,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.039,图1A)。21突变组对比19突变组中位OS为25.8个月(95%CI: 23.881~27.719个月)vs.26个月(95%CI:21.124~30.876个月),两组OS比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.502,图1B)。

  • 表1 两组患者临床特征比较

  • Table1 Patients characteristics in two groups

  • 表2 单药组患者治疗1周期ORR、DCR对比

  • Table2 Comparison of ORR,DCR after 1cycle Icotinib treatment

  • 2.2 EGFR21/19 外显子突变患者接受埃克替尼联合化疗疗效比较

  • 埃克替尼联合含铂双药化疗1个周期治疗后, 21突变组对比19突变组ORR及DCR无统计学差异 (P> 0.05,表3)。

  • 采用Kaplan⁃Meier法单因素分析可得,在接受埃克替尼联合含铂双药化疗治疗后,21突变组中位PFS为15.3个月(95%CI:12.824~17.776个月),19突变组中位PFS为22.1个月(95%CI:16.130~28.070个月),两组PFS比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.159,图2A)。21突变组对比19突变组中位OS为46.0个月 (95%CI:25.602~66.398个月)vs.61.0个月(95%CI: 43.518~78.482个月),两组OS比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.158,图2B)。

  • 2.3 EGFR21 外显子突变患者接受埃克替尼单药/联合化疗疗效比较

  • EGFR21外显子突变患者接受1个周期治疗后,联合组对比单药组ORR及DCR无统计学差异(P> 0.05,表4)。

  • 采用Kaplan ⁃Meier法单因素分析可得,在EGFR21外显子突变患者中,联合组中位PFS为15.3个月(95%CI:12.824~17.776个月),单药组中位PFS为9.5个月(95%CI:8.031~10.969个月),两组PFS比较,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002,图3A)。联合组对比单药组中位OS为46.0个月(95%CI:25.602~66.398个月)vs.25.8个月(95%CI:23.881~27.719个月),两组OS比较,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004,图3B)。

  • 图1 21、19突变亚组患者接受埃克替尼单药治疗的PFS(A)、OS(B)对比

  • Fig.1 Comparison of PFS(A),OS(B)of patients receiving Icotinib treatment according to EGFR 21or 19exon mutation

  • 表3 联合组患者治疗1周期ORR、DCR对比

  • Table3 Comparison of ORR,DCR after 1cycle combined treatment

  • 图2 21、19突变亚组患者接受联合治疗的PFS(A)、OS(B)对比

  • Fig.2 Comparison of PFS(A),OS(B)of patients receiving Icotinib in combination with chemotherapy according to EG⁃ FR 21or 19exon mutation

  • 2.4 EFGR19 外显子突变患者接受埃克替尼单药/联合化疗疗效比较

  • EGFR19外显子突变患者接受1个周期治疗后,联合组对比单药组ORR及DCR无统计学差异(P> 0.05,表5)。

  • 采用Kaplan⁃Meier法单因素分析可得,在EG⁃FR19外显子突变患者中,联合组中位PFS为22.1个月(95%CI:16.130~28.070)个月,单药组中位PFS为13.0个月(95%CI:11.404~14.596个月),两组PFS比较,差异具有统计学意义(P< 0.001,图4A)。联合组对比单药组中位OS为61.0个月(95%CI:43.510~78.490个月)vs.26.0个月(95%CI:21.124~30.876个月),两组OS比较,差异具有统计学意义(P< 0.001,图4B)。

  • 表4 21外显子突变患者治疗1周期ORR、DCR对比

  • Table4 Comparison of ORR,DCR after 1cycle treatment of patients with 21mutation

  • 图3 21外显子突变患者接受两种治疗的PFS(A)、OS(B)对比

  • Fig.3 Comparison of PFS(A),OS(B)of patients with 21mutation after two treatments

  • 表5 19外显子突变患者治疗1周期后疗效评价

  • Table5 Comparison of ORR,DCR after 1cycle treatment of patients with 19mutation

  • 3 讨论

  • 随着基因检测及靶向药物的发展,晚期NSCLC的治疗模式日趋于个体化精准化治疗。EGFR是NSCLC重要的驱动基因,包括插入突变、缺失突变和点突变3种不同的类型,以19外显子缺失突变及21外显子点突变最为常见[2]。其中19外显子突变主要是第746~752位密码子的缺失突变,导致亮氨酸⁃精氨酸⁃谷氨酸⁃丙氨酸序列丢失,改变了受体ATP结合囊的角度,从而增强肿瘤细胞对TKI的敏感性。21外显子突变主要是858位点上的密码子出现了胸腺嘌呤到鸟嘌呤的转换,引起EGFR蛋白中该位点的亮氨酸转变为精氨酸,使活化中心稳定性更高,对酪氨酸激酶信号通路激活能力更强,靶点突出,因此更易被TKI阻断,发挥抗肿瘤作用[11]

  • 图4 19外显子突变患者接受不同治疗的PFS(A)、OS(B)对比

  • Fig.4 Comparison of PFS(A),OS(B)of patients with 19mutation after two treatments

  • LUX⁃lung3及LUX⁃lung6研究分别探讨了阿法替尼对比培美曲塞/顺铂、吉西他滨/顺铂在晚期肺腺癌患者的一线治疗中的疗效,结果显示阿法替尼较传统化疗可显著提高PFS,但OS无明显获益[3]。吴一龙等[7] 在对这两项研究的汇总分析中指出,虽然阿法替尼未能显著改善两项研究中总体人群的OS,但进行分层分析后发现,19外显子缺失突变患者使用阿法替尼还是带来了显著的OS改善,而在21外显子L858R突变患者中,则未见显著OS差异,提示19外显子缺失突变患者较21外显子L858R突变患者一线使用EGFR⁃TKI拥有更多的临床获益。一项荟萃分析[6] 同样提示21外显子L858R突变的NSCLC患者在使用EGFR⁃TKI治疗时PFS和OS小于19外显子缺失突变患者。有研究认为,这是由于EGFR⁃TKI对19外显子缺失细胞磷酸化的抑制程度更高所致[11]。张力等[12] 认为,EGFR突变容易发生合并突变,尤其是某些特殊的合并突变会降低EGFR⁃ TKI的疗效,21外显子L858R突变中合并突变发生率更高,一般会和KRAS、TP53、PTEN等基因突变合并出现,因此,21外显子L858R突变患者接受EGFR⁃ TKI治疗的疗效略差。埃克替尼是我国自主研发的一代EGFR⁃TKI,较吉非替尼疗效相当,安全性更好[13]。本研究在课题组前期研究[10] 基础上,进一步扩大样本量,对174例EGFR21或19外显子突变的初治晚期NSCLC患者进行回顾性分析,结果显示在使用埃克替尼单药治疗的EGFR敏感突变患者中, EGFR21外显子突变患者的中位PFS较EGFR19外显子缺失患者缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),这一点与既往研究结果一致。然而,本研究中接受埃克替尼单药治疗的EGFR21及19外显子突变患者,中位OS未表现出统计学差异(P=0.481),可能与本研究样本量较少及早期收集的部分患者受限于经济、药物可及性等因素,一线治疗进展后未行后续抗肿瘤治疗有关。

  • 近年来,为了优化NSCLC的一线治疗方案,研究者们作出了诸多尝试。NEJ009研究表明,吉非替尼联合含铂双药化疗对比吉非替尼单药一线治疗EGFR敏感的晚期NSCLC,中位PFS及OS均显著延长[8]。此外,多项临床研究均表明,EGFR⁃TKI联合化疗的PFS及OS显著优于单用EGFR⁃TKI[49]。为探究EGFR⁃TKI联合化疗后是否能扩大21外显子突变患者的生存获益,本研究对比了埃克替尼单药或联合含铂双药化疗一线治疗EGFR19或21外显子突变的NSCLC的疗效区别。本研究发现,EGFR19及21外显子突变亚组患者,在接受埃克替尼联合含铂双药化疗后,其PFS、OS均较埃克替尼单药治疗显著延长(P< 0.05),这与前述NEJ009等研究相符。对联合组患者进一步分析发现,EGFR21外显子突变患者虽较19外显子突变患者的PFS及OS有所减少,但差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),提示埃克替尼联合化疗应用于21外显子突变患者中可取得与19外显子突变患者相当的PFS及OS。体外研究表明,埃克替尼可通过下调胸苷酸合成酶来增加培美曲塞的细胞毒作用[14],同时,埃克替尼联合培美曲塞可减少肿瘤血管生成[15] 从而延缓耐药的发生,考虑EGFR21及19外显子突变的晚期NSCLC患者均可通过EGFR⁃TKI联合化疗延缓肿瘤的耐药时间,取得更高的生存获益。

  • 综上所述,对于EGFR敏感突变的晚期NSCLC患者,埃克替尼联合化疗一线治疗对比埃克替尼单药治疗,可显著改善PFS及OS,且21外显子突变患者与19外显子突变患者生存获益相当。埃克替尼联合化疗可作为EGFR突变阳性的NSCLC患者尤其是21外显子L858R突变患者的一线治疗推荐选择。本研究为回顾性研究,研究时间跨度大,总体样本量较少,且不同病理类型患者接受的含铂化疗方案不同,存在一定的局限性,未来可能需要大样本前瞻性研究进行验证。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] SARA⁃ELENA R,ALFIERI R,LA MONICA S,et al.Com⁃ bination of EGFR ⁃ TKIs and chemotherapy in advanced EGFR mutated NSCLC:review of the literature and future perspectives [J].Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol,2020,146102820

    • [2] PETER T H,VYSE S,HUANG P H.Rare epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations in non⁃small cell lung cancer[J].Semin Cancer Biol,2020,61:167-179

    • [3] SCHULER M,PAZ ⁃ARES L,SEQUIST L V,et al.First ⁃ line afatinib for advanced EGFRm + NSCLC:analysis of long⁃term responders in the LUX⁃Lung 3,6,and 7 trials [J].Lung Cancer,2019,133:10-19

    • [4] FENG W,ZHENG H R,ZHANG P F,et al.OPTIMAL and ENSURE trials ⁃ based combined cost ⁃ effectiveness analysis of erlotinib versus chemotherapy for the first⁃line treatment of Asian patients with non⁃squamous non⁃small⁃ cell lung cancer[J].BMJ Open,2018,8(4):e20128

    • [5] WU Y L,SAIJO N,THONGPRASERT S,et al.Efficacy according to blind independent central review:Post ⁃ hoc analyses from the phase Ⅲ,randomized,multicenter,IPASS study of first⁃line gefitinib versus carboplatin/pacli⁃ taxel in Asian patients with EGFR mutation ⁃ positive ad⁃ vanced NSCLC[J].Lung Cancer,2017,104:119-125

    • [6] SHENG M M,WANG F,ZHAO Y G,et al.Comparison of clinical outcomes of patients with non⁃small⁃cell lung can⁃ cer harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 or exon 21 mutations after tyrosine kinase inhibitors treat⁃ ment:a meta⁃analysis[J].Eur J Clin Pharmacol,2016,72(1):1-11

    • [7] JAMES C H Y,WU Y L,SCHULER M,et al.Afatinib ver⁃ sus cisplatin⁃based chemotherapy for EGFR mutation⁃pos⁃ itive lung adenocarcinoma(LUX ⁃Lung 3 and LUX ⁃Lung 6):analysis of overall survival data from two randomised,phase 3 trials[J].Lancet Oncol,2015,16(2):141-151

    • [8] YUKIO H,MORITA S,SUGAWARA S,et al.Gefitinib alone versus gefitinib plus chemotherapy for non ⁃ small ⁃ cell lung cancer with mutated epidermal growth factor re⁃ ceptor:NEJ009 Study[J].J Clin Oncol,2020,38(2):115-123

    • [9] YING C,MURAKAMI H,YANG P C,et al.Randomized phase II trial of gefitinib with and without pemetrexed as first⁃line therapy in patients with advanced nonsquamous non ⁃ small ⁃ cell lung cancer with activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations[J].J Clin Oncol,2016,34(27):3258-3266

    • [10] 王国群,吴魏芹,王茜,等.盐酸埃克替尼联合化疗对比盐酸埃克替尼单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的回顾性分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(5):727-731

    • [11] ZHU J Q,ZHONG W Z,ZHANG G C,et al.Better surviv⁃ al with EGFR exon 19 than exon 21 mutations in gefitinib⁃ treated non⁃small cell lung cancer patients is due to differ⁃ ential inhibition of downstream signals[J].Cancer Lett,2008,265(2):307-317

    • [12] HONG S D,GAO F F,FU S,et al.Concomitant genetic al⁃ terations with response to treatment and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR ⁃ mutant advanced non ⁃ small cell lung cancer[J].JAMA Oncology,2018,4(5):739

    • [13] SHI Y K,WANG L,HAN B H,et al.First ⁃line icotinib versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus pemetrexed mainte⁃ nance therapy for patients with advanced EGFR mutation⁃ positive lung adenocarcinoma(CONVINCE):a phase 3,open ⁃label,randomized study[J].Ann.Oncol.,2017,28(10):2443-2450

    • [14] XU L S,QI Q,ZHANG Y,et al.Combination of icotinib and chemotherapy as first ⁃ line treatment for advanced lung adenocarcinoma in patients with sensitive EGFR mu⁃ tations:a randomized controlled study[J].Lung Cancer,2019,133:23-31

    • [15] CUI J D,ZHANG Y,SU D,et al.Efficacy of combined ic⁃ otinib and pemetrexed in EGFR mutant lung adenocarci⁃ noma cell line xenografts[J].Thorac Cancer,2018,9(9):1156-1165

  • 参考文献

    • [1] SARA⁃ELENA R,ALFIERI R,LA MONICA S,et al.Com⁃ bination of EGFR ⁃ TKIs and chemotherapy in advanced EGFR mutated NSCLC:review of the literature and future perspectives [J].Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol,2020,146102820

    • [2] PETER T H,VYSE S,HUANG P H.Rare epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations in non⁃small cell lung cancer[J].Semin Cancer Biol,2020,61:167-179

    • [3] SCHULER M,PAZ ⁃ARES L,SEQUIST L V,et al.First ⁃ line afatinib for advanced EGFRm + NSCLC:analysis of long⁃term responders in the LUX⁃Lung 3,6,and 7 trials [J].Lung Cancer,2019,133:10-19

    • [4] FENG W,ZHENG H R,ZHANG P F,et al.OPTIMAL and ENSURE trials ⁃ based combined cost ⁃ effectiveness analysis of erlotinib versus chemotherapy for the first⁃line treatment of Asian patients with non⁃squamous non⁃small⁃ cell lung cancer[J].BMJ Open,2018,8(4):e20128

    • [5] WU Y L,SAIJO N,THONGPRASERT S,et al.Efficacy according to blind independent central review:Post ⁃ hoc analyses from the phase Ⅲ,randomized,multicenter,IPASS study of first⁃line gefitinib versus carboplatin/pacli⁃ taxel in Asian patients with EGFR mutation ⁃ positive ad⁃ vanced NSCLC[J].Lung Cancer,2017,104:119-125

    • [6] SHENG M M,WANG F,ZHAO Y G,et al.Comparison of clinical outcomes of patients with non⁃small⁃cell lung can⁃ cer harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 or exon 21 mutations after tyrosine kinase inhibitors treat⁃ ment:a meta⁃analysis[J].Eur J Clin Pharmacol,2016,72(1):1-11

    • [7] JAMES C H Y,WU Y L,SCHULER M,et al.Afatinib ver⁃ sus cisplatin⁃based chemotherapy for EGFR mutation⁃pos⁃ itive lung adenocarcinoma(LUX ⁃Lung 3 and LUX ⁃Lung 6):analysis of overall survival data from two randomised,phase 3 trials[J].Lancet Oncol,2015,16(2):141-151

    • [8] YUKIO H,MORITA S,SUGAWARA S,et al.Gefitinib alone versus gefitinib plus chemotherapy for non ⁃ small ⁃ cell lung cancer with mutated epidermal growth factor re⁃ ceptor:NEJ009 Study[J].J Clin Oncol,2020,38(2):115-123

    • [9] YING C,MURAKAMI H,YANG P C,et al.Randomized phase II trial of gefitinib with and without pemetrexed as first⁃line therapy in patients with advanced nonsquamous non ⁃ small ⁃ cell lung cancer with activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations[J].J Clin Oncol,2016,34(27):3258-3266

    • [10] 王国群,吴魏芹,王茜,等.盐酸埃克替尼联合化疗对比盐酸埃克替尼单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的回顾性分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(5):727-731

    • [11] ZHU J Q,ZHONG W Z,ZHANG G C,et al.Better surviv⁃ al with EGFR exon 19 than exon 21 mutations in gefitinib⁃ treated non⁃small cell lung cancer patients is due to differ⁃ ential inhibition of downstream signals[J].Cancer Lett,2008,265(2):307-317

    • [12] HONG S D,GAO F F,FU S,et al.Concomitant genetic al⁃ terations with response to treatment and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR ⁃ mutant advanced non ⁃ small cell lung cancer[J].JAMA Oncology,2018,4(5):739

    • [13] SHI Y K,WANG L,HAN B H,et al.First ⁃line icotinib versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus pemetrexed mainte⁃ nance therapy for patients with advanced EGFR mutation⁃ positive lung adenocarcinoma(CONVINCE):a phase 3,open ⁃label,randomized study[J].Ann.Oncol.,2017,28(10):2443-2450

    • [14] XU L S,QI Q,ZHANG Y,et al.Combination of icotinib and chemotherapy as first ⁃ line treatment for advanced lung adenocarcinoma in patients with sensitive EGFR mu⁃ tations:a randomized controlled study[J].Lung Cancer,2019,133:23-31

    • [15] CUI J D,ZHANG Y,SU D,et al.Efficacy of combined ic⁃ otinib and pemetrexed in EGFR mutant lung adenocarci⁃ noma cell line xenografts[J].Thorac Cancer,2018,9(9):1156-1165