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通讯作者:

张爱青,E⁃mail:njaiqing@njmu.edu.cn

中图分类号:R725.9

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2022)01-008-06

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20220102

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参考文献 3
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 12
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参考文献 13
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参考文献 14
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参考文献 15
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参考文献 16
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参考文献 17
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参考文献 18
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参考文献 19
赵非,黄松明,丁桂霞,等.氧化应激介导的Ras⁃ERK 信号通路活化参与醛固酮诱导的肾小球系膜细胞增殖 [J].中华肾脏病杂志,2012,28(1):41-46
参考文献 20
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目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨ras反应元件结合蛋白1(ras responsive element binding protein 1,RREB1)对转化生长因子⁃β1(transform⁃ ing growth factor⁃β1,TGF⁃β1)诱导大鼠系膜细胞增殖的影响。方法:用 TGF⁃β1 及 RREB1⁃siRNA 转染干预系膜细胞,CCK⁃8 法检测系膜细胞增殖活力,RT⁃PCR 法检测细胞增殖核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、平滑肌肌动蛋白 α(α⁃smooth muscle actin,α⁃SMA)及RREB1 mRNA水平,Western blot法检测PCNA、α⁃SMA及RREB1蛋白的表达,流式细胞术检测系膜细胞周期。结果:与对照组相比较,TGF⁃β1干预后CCK⁃8法检测系膜细胞增殖活力增加(P < 0.01),PCNA、α⁃SMA及 RREB1 mRNA 和蛋白水平增加(P < 0.01),细胞周期检测提示 S 期细胞百分率增多,G1 期细胞百分率减少(P < 0.01);与 TGF⁃β1组相比较,RREB1⁃siRNA转染+TGF⁃β1干预后的系膜细胞增殖活力下降(P < 0.01),PCNA、α⁃SMA及RREB1 mRNA和蛋白水平下降(P < 0.01),细胞周期提示 S 期细胞百分率降低,G1 期细胞百分率升高(P < 0.01)。结论:TGF⁃β1 通过上调 RREB1的表达诱导系膜细胞增殖。

    Abstract

    Objective:To investigate the effects of ras responsive element binding protein 1(RREB1)on mesangial cell proliferation induced by transforming growth factor⁃β1(TGF⁃β1). Methods:Mesangial cells were cultured in vitro,and transfected with TGF⁃β1 and RREB1⁃siRNA. The proliferation activity of mesangial cells were detected by CCK⁃8. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), α⁃smooth muscle actin(α⁃SMA)and RREB1 mRNA levels were detected by RT⁃PCR. The expression levels of PCNA,α⁃SMA and RREB1 proteins were detected by Western blot. Cell cycles of mesangial cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with the control group,proliferation activity of mesangial cells in the TGF⁃β1 group was significantly increased(P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of PCNA,α⁃SMA and RREB1 levels in cells were significantly increased(P < 0.01). The cell cycle indicated that the percentage of S phase cells increased and the percentage of G1 phase cells decreased(P < 0.01). In RREB1⁃ siRNA +TGF ⁃β1 group,proliferation activity of mesangial cells was significantly decreased compared with TGF⁃β1 group(P < 0.01). The expressions of PCNA,α⁃SMA and RREB1 levels in cells were significantly decreased(P < 0.01). The cell cycle indicated that the percentage of S phase cells decreased and the percentage of G1 phase cells increased(P < 0.01). Conclusion:TGF ⁃ β1 induces mesangial cells proliferation by up⁃regulating RREB1 expression.

  • 过敏性紫癜(Henoch⁃Schonlein purpura,HSP)是儿科常见的风湿免疫性疾病,主要发生机制目前认为是IgA介导的全身性小血管炎,临床表现多样。紫癜性肾炎(Henoch ⁃ Schonlein purpura nephritis, HSPN)是过敏性紫癜常见的脏器损害之一,肾脏损伤和HSP患儿的远期预后密切相关[1]。肾小球系膜增生性病变是HSPN主要的病理表现之一[2]。转化生长因子⁃β(transforming growth factor⁃β,TGF⁃β)是一种多功能细胞因子,目前多用于系膜细胞增殖的体外模型制备。ras反应元件结合蛋白1(ras respon⁃ sive element binding protein 1,RREB1)是我们采用多肽芯片技术筛选获得,在HSPN患儿病初血清中差异表达增多的一条多肽对应的前体蛋白,与肾小球滤过率相关,广泛参与了细胞生长和增殖、转录调控和DNA损伤修复过程[3]。本课题拟在体外观察RREB1表达变化对TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖的影响,探讨RREB1在系膜细胞增殖中的作用,进一步探讨HSPN的可能发生机制,为HSPN的诊治提供新的靶点。

  • 1 材料和方法

  • 1.1 材料

  • 大鼠系膜细胞(mesangial cell,MC)购自中国典型培养物保藏中心。胎牛血清、胰酶、DMEM培养基 (Gibco公司,美国),TGF ⁃β1(R&D公司,美国), TRIzol试剂(Thermo Fisher公司,美国),PCR检测试剂盒(TaKaRa公司,日本),PCR引物由上海锐真生物公司合成,BCA试剂盒(南京凯基生物公司),鼠抗人GAPDH多克隆抗体购于(上海Abway公司),α⁃SMA抗体(常州Affinity公司),PCNA、RREB1抗体(Santa Cruz公司,美国),PVDF膜和显影液(Milipore公司,美国),HRP标记的山羊抗兔二抗(Proteintech公司,美国),CCK⁃8试剂盒(Cell Counting Kit⁃8,同仁公司,日本),细胞周期检测试剂盒(Everbright公司,美国)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 细胞培养

  • 将MC细胞株用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基(含青霉素100 μL/mL,链霉素100 μL/mL)培养,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中。待培养基中细胞生长至70%~80%时,用1mL 0.25%胰酶消化后进行传代培养,细胞培养至第3~8代用于实验。收集对数期MC细胞接种于6孔板内,待细胞贴壁且融合至70%~80%无血清培养基同步化12h后,再进行细胞转染及干预处理24h,用TGF⁃β1(10ng/mL)[4] 干预细胞,按实验分组如下:①空白对照组;②RREB1⁃ siRNA组;③NC组(阴性对照siRNA);④TGF⁃β1组 (10ng/mL);⑤TGF⁃β1+RREB1⁃siRNA组;⑥TGF⁃β1+ NC组。

  • 1.2.2 细胞转染

  • 收集对数生长期MC细胞,用培养液稀释细胞,然后将细胞接种于6孔板中,培养至基本融合为一层,按照Lipofectamine2000说明书进行转染。先用无血清培养液稀释脂质体、RREB1⁃siRNA和阴性对照,之后取等体积脂质体和RREB1⁃siRNA或阴性对照轻柔混合,室温孵育20min后加入到培养好的细胞中,混匀后置培养箱中培养,6h后更换为完全培养基,转染24h后收集细胞进行验证。

  • 1.2.3 CCK⁃8法检测细胞增殖活力

  • 收集MC细胞,用培养液稀释细胞,然后将细胞按比例接种于96孔板中,每孔加入100 μL细胞悬液,按照实验安排分组预培养细胞后向每孔分别加入10 μL CCK⁃8溶液,在37℃培养箱中培育1~4h,用酶标仪测量细胞在450nm处的吸光度值。每组设4个复孔,设置空白调零孔(只加DMEM溶液和CCK⁃8溶液),以上实验重复3次。

  • 1.2.4 RT⁃PCR技术检测目的基因mRNA的表达

  • 细胞按组种板干预24h后,将1mL TRIzol试剂加入6孔板内,提取细胞总RNA,20 μL DEPC水溶解,用Nanodrop分光光度计检测浓度,根据逆转录试剂盒说明书操作制备cDNA,取适量产物配制10 μL PCR反应体系,用ABR7600实时荧光定量PCR仪进行检测。GAPDH为内参,检测α⁃SMA、PC⁃ NA及RREB1mRNA表达。以2-ΔΔCT 法计算相对表达量。所用引物序列见表1。

  • 表1 PCR引物序列

  • Table1 Sequences of PCR primers

  • 1.2.5 Western blot检测细胞蛋白表达量

  • 依照分组干预细胞24h后,用预冷的PBS洗涤细胞2次,加入细胞裂解液,裂解液中含有RIPA、PMSF和蛋白酶抑制剂(100 μL+1 μL+1 μL),使用细胞刮刮下细胞并于冰上裂解1h,集于EP管中, 4℃ 12 000r/min离心30min后取上清,BCA法检测蛋白浓度,稀释至最小浓度,并加入1/4体积5×上样缓冲液,100℃金属加热器中变性5min。用SDS ⁃ PAGE电泳的方法分离蛋白质,电泳后将蛋白转移至PVDF膜上,室温下5%BSA封闭1h,加一抗(稀释比例1∶1 000)于室温孵育30min,再4℃孵育过夜。次日室温下复温30min后用1×TBST洗膜3次后,加二抗(1∶2 000),室温孵育1h。1×TBST洗膜3次,加显影液后用天能凝胶成像系统进行图像的扫描及记录。

  • 1.2.6 流式细胞术检测细胞周期

  • 收集各组细胞,加入75%冰乙醇,吹打均匀,-20℃ 固定过夜,上机前再次离心,加1mL冰浴预冷的PBS重悬细胞,配制碘化丙啶染色液,每管加入500 μL碘化丙啶染色液,缓慢并充分重悬细胞沉淀,室温下避光孵育30min后流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用Graph Pad Prism4统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示,组间差异比较采用单因素方差分析(one⁃way ANOVA),两两比较采用SNK检验,P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 TGF⁃β1对肾小球系膜细胞α⁃SMA及RREB1表达的影响

  • 与空白对照组相比,TGF ⁃β1组系膜细胞α⁃ SMA、RREB1蛋白表达显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01,图1)。

  • 图1 TGF⁃β1对系膜细胞α⁃SMA及RREB1表达影响

  • Fig.1 Expression of α⁃SMA and RREB1protein levels in TGF⁃β1⁃mediated mesangial cell

  • 2.2 RREB1⁃siRNA对肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响

  • CCK⁃8法检测细胞增殖活力变化,结果显示: TGF⁃β1组系膜细胞增殖活力明显高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01);与TGF⁃β1组相比, TGF⁃β1+RREB1⁃siRNA组细胞增殖活力下降,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01,图2)。

  • 图2 RREB1⁃siRNA干扰对TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖的影响

  • Fig.2 Effects of RREB1⁃siRNA interference on TGF⁃ β1⁃mediated mesangial cell proliferation

  • 2.3 RREB1⁃siRNA对肾小球系膜细胞增殖相关基因表达的影响

  • 与对照组比较,TGF⁃β1组α⁃SMA、PCNA等增殖相关基因mRNA表达量明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01,图3A、B);与TGF⁃β1组比较,TGF⁃β1+ RREB1 ⁃ siRNA组α⁃ SMA、PCNA等增殖相关基因mRNA的表达量显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01)。与对照组比较,TGF⁃β1组RREB1mRNA表达量增加;与TGF⁃β1组比较,TGF⁃β1+RREB1⁃siR⁃ NA组RREB1mRNA表达量下降,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01,图3C)。

  • 2.4 RREB1⁃siRNA对肾小球系膜细胞增殖相关蛋白表达的影响

  • 与空白对照组相比,TGF⁃β1组α⁃SMA、PCNA、 RREB1蛋白的表达明显升高(P< 0.01);与TGF⁃β1组比较,TGF⁃β1+RREB1⁃siRNA组α⁃SMA、PCNA、 RREB1蛋白的表达量明显下降,差异有统计学意义 (P< 0.01,图4)。

  • 2.5 RREB1⁃siRNA对肾小球系膜细胞周期的影响

  • 与对照组比较,TGF⁃β1组G1期细胞百分率明显降低,G2、S期细胞百分率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05);与TGF ⁃β1组相比,TGF ⁃β1+ RREB1⁃siRNA组G1期细胞百分率明显增多,G2、S期细胞百分率明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P< 0.05,表2)。

  • 图3 RREB1⁃siRNA干扰对TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖相关的影响

  • Fig.3 Effects of RREB1⁃siRNA interference on proliferated mRNA of TGF⁃β1⁃mediated mesangial cells

  • 图4 RREB1⁃siRNA干扰对TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖相关蛋白表达影响

  • Fig.4 Effects of RREB1⁃siRNA interference on proliferated proteins of TGF⁃β1⁃mediated mesangial cells

  • 3 讨论

  • HSPN是继发于HSP的肾脏损害,是儿童时期最常见的继发型肾脏病,系膜增生性病变是其主要的病理改变之一。但HSPN肾小球系膜细胞增生的病理生理机制尚未完全阐明。TGF⁃β1是一种多功能的细胞因子,能够调节细胞增殖、分化、胚胎发育及凋亡,在促进肾小球病变发生、发展过程中起重要作用[5]。TGF⁃β1可调节肾小球固有细胞增殖、促进细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)合成分泌和沉积,是体内外诱导肾小球系膜细胞活化最强有力的细胞因子[6]。目前已经被广泛应用在体外系膜细胞增殖模型的建立中。

  • 表2 RREB1⁃siRNA干扰对TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞周期的影响

  • Table2 Effects of RREB1⁃siRNA interference on cycle of TGF⁃β1⁃mediated mesangial cells

  • 与对照组比较,* P< 0.05;与TGF⁃β1组比较,# P< 0.01。

  • PCNA即增殖细胞核抗原,是反映细胞增殖活性的重要指标,与细胞周期密切相关,存在于正常增殖细胞和肿瘤细胞增殖周期的各个时期,其表达水平随细胞增殖活性增加而升高[7]。在病理增殖情况下肾小球系膜细胞可以合成分泌大量α⁃SMA,α⁃ SMA可以进一步刺激系膜细胞增殖,促进肾脏纤维化[8]。本研究检测了PCNA及α⁃SMA的表达情况, TGF⁃β1干预后的系膜细胞上述两种蛋白表达明显升高,表明TGF⁃β1可引起系膜细胞病理性增殖。

  • 在前期研究中,我们发现HSPN患儿存在1条差异表达的多肽。通过UniProt数据库分析前体蛋白的相关信息,发现差异表达的多肽PPLVGSSALLSGTALLRPLRPKPPLLLPKPPVTE对应的前体蛋白为RREB1 [9]。RREB1是锌指转录因子的一员,能够与靶基因启动子上的ras反应元件相结合,广泛参与细胞增殖、转录调控及DNA损伤修复等生物学过程[10],在肿瘤、糖尿病、淋巴瘤及白血病等疾病中均有研究[11]。在胰腺癌患者中RREB1可激活细胞中长链非编码RNA(AGAP2⁃AS1)的转录,进而调控胰腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移[12]。在直肠癌细胞中,AGAP2⁃AS1调控Ras/MAPK通路进而影响细胞周期与增殖[13]。在肿瘤细胞中RREB1作为上皮⁃间质转化(epithelial⁃mesenchymal transition,EMT)中TGF⁃β1激活的Smad转录因子的关键伴侣,提供Ras和TGF⁃β1途径之间的分子联系,从而协同诱导发育性和纤维化EMT[14]。既往研究表明RREB1是2型糖尿病相关终末期肾病的新候选基因,且与肾小球滤过率相关,提示RREB1在肾脏损伤中发挥重要作用[15]。RREB1还可诱导以及抑制许多基因的转录,有研究表明可诱导P53[16]、抑制P16[17],而这些细胞周期调控关键基因的异常表达均参与了系膜细胞的异常增殖。但尚未有研究证实RREB1与肾小球系膜细胞增殖之间的相关性。

  • 实验发现在TGF⁃β1诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖中,RREB1的表达明显增加,提示RREB1在TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖中可能发挥作用。为了探讨RREB1是否参与了TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖,我们使用siRNA干扰技术,发现RREB1⁃siR⁃ NA干扰后,TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖受到抑制,增殖相关基因PCNA表达下调,α⁃SMA表达下调,细胞增殖活力下降,并将细胞周期阻滞于G1期,提示RREB1这一ras反应元件结合蛋白对肾小球系膜细胞的增殖具有重大影响,但其中的具体机制还有待阐明。报道表明RREB1能被Ras通路激活[18],而Ras通路在细胞增殖起主要作用。赵非等[19] 发现Ki⁃RasA⁃c⁃Raf⁃MEK⁃ERK这一信号通路独立参与了醛固酮诱导的系膜细胞增殖。miR⁃34a也通过PDGFR⁃β/Ras⁃MAPK信号通路调节系膜细胞增殖[20]。本研究中RREB1干扰后G1期细胞明显增多,提示RREB1干扰抑制肾小球系膜细胞增殖的机制可能与细胞周期阻滞相关。

  • 综上所述,在TGF⁃β1诱导的系膜细胞增殖中RREB1上调,干扰RREB1可抑制系膜细胞增殖,阻滞细胞周期,有望成为HSPN诊治的新靶标,但其中的确切机制并不明确,有待今后进一步研究。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] DELBET J D,HOGAN J,AOUN B,et al.Clinical out⁃ comes in children with Henoch ⁃ Schönlein Purpura ne⁃ phritis without crescents[J].Pediatr Nephrol,2017,32(7):1193-1199

    • [2] NOVAK J,MOLDOVEANU Z,RENFROW M B,et al.IgA nephropathy and Henoch⁃Schoenlein Purpura nephri⁃ tis:aberrant glycosylation of IgA1,formation of IgA1⁃con⁃ taining immune complexes,and activation of mesangial cells[J].Contrib Nephrol,2007,157:134-138

    • [3] MELANI M,SIMPSON K J,BRUGGE J S,et al.Regula⁃ tion of cell adhesion and collective cell migration by hind⁃ sight and its human homolog RREB1[J].Curr Biol,2008,18(7):532-537

    • [4] YU M,GUAN Z,LI S,et al.Gene expression profiling analysis reveals that the long non⁃coding RNA uc.412 is involved in mesangial cell proliferation[J].Mol Med Rep,2019,20(6):5297-5303

    • [5] VANDER ARK A,CAO J,LI X.TGF⁃β receptors:in and beyond TGF⁃β signaling[J].Cell Signal,2018,52:112-120

    • [6] JIANG Y,CHENG D W,CROOK E D,et al.Transform⁃ ing growth factor ⁃β1 regulation of laminin gamma 1 and fibronectin expression and survival of mouse mesangial cells[J].Mol Cell Biochem,2005,278(1):165-175

    • [7] BOEHM E M,GILDENBERG M S,WASHINGTON M T.The many roles of PCNA in eukaryotic DNA replication [J].Enzymes,2016,39:231-254

    • [8] CHANG C J,MINEI R,SATO T,et al.The influence of a nanopatterned scaffold that mimics abnormal renal mesan⁃ gial matrix on mesangial cell behavior[J].Int J Mol Sci,2019,20(21):5349

    • [9] 施会敏,鱼敏逸,曲高婷,等.紫癜性肾炎患儿血清中多肽的差异表达研究[J].徐州医科大学学报,2019,39(4):239-244

    • [10] FRANKLIN R B,ZOU J,COSTELLO L C.The cytotoxic role of RREB1,ZIP3 zinc transporter,and zinc in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2014,15(10):1431-1437

    • [11] NITZ M D,HARDING M A,SMITH S C,et al.RREB1 transcription factor splice variants in urologic cancer[J].Am J Pathol,2011,179(1):477-486

    • [12] HUI B,JI H,XU Y,et al.RREB1⁃induced upregulation of the lncRNA AGAP2 ⁃ AS1 regulates the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer partly through sup⁃ pressing ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4[J].Cell Death Dis,2019,10(3):207

    • [13] 王庆源,彭稳,李杰,等.AGAP2⁃AS1 调控 Ras/MAPK信号通路促进结直肠癌细胞的增殖[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(1):16-20

    • [14] SU J,MORGANI S M,DAVID C J,et al.TGF⁃β orches⁃ trates fibrogenic and developmental EMTs via the RAS ef⁃ fector RREB1[J].Nature,2020,577(7791):566-571

    • [15] BONOMO J A,GUAN M,NG M C,et al.The ras respon⁃ sive transcription factor RREB1 is a novel candidate gene for type 2 diabetes associated end ⁃ stage kidney disease [J].Hum Mol Genet,2014,23(24):6441-6447

    • [16] LIU H,HEW H C,LU Z G,et al.DNA damage signalling recruits RREB ⁃1 to the p53 tumour suppressor promoter [J].Biochem J,2009,422(3):543-551

    • [17] ZHANG S,QIAN X,REDMAN C,et al.p16 INK4a gene promoter variation and differential binding of a repressor,the ras⁃responsive zinc⁃finger transcription factor,RREB [J].Oncogene,2003,22(15):2285-2295

    • [18] KENT O A,FOX⁃TALBOT K,HALUSHKA M K.RREB1 repressed miR ⁃ 143/145 modulates KRAS signaling through downregulation of multiple targets[J].Oncogene,2013,32(20):2576-2585

    • [19] 赵非,黄松明,丁桂霞,等.氧化应激介导的Ras⁃ERK 信号通路活化参与醛固酮诱导的肾小球系膜细胞增殖 [J].中华肾脏病杂志,2012,28(1):41-46

    • [20] CHEN D,LI Y,MEI Y,et al.miR ⁃34a regulates mesan⁃ gial cell proliferation via the PDGFR ⁃β/Ras ⁃MAPK sig⁃ naling pathway[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2014,71(20):4027-4042

  • 参考文献

    • [1] DELBET J D,HOGAN J,AOUN B,et al.Clinical out⁃ comes in children with Henoch ⁃ Schönlein Purpura ne⁃ phritis without crescents[J].Pediatr Nephrol,2017,32(7):1193-1199

    • [2] NOVAK J,MOLDOVEANU Z,RENFROW M B,et al.IgA nephropathy and Henoch⁃Schoenlein Purpura nephri⁃ tis:aberrant glycosylation of IgA1,formation of IgA1⁃con⁃ taining immune complexes,and activation of mesangial cells[J].Contrib Nephrol,2007,157:134-138

    • [3] MELANI M,SIMPSON K J,BRUGGE J S,et al.Regula⁃ tion of cell adhesion and collective cell migration by hind⁃ sight and its human homolog RREB1[J].Curr Biol,2008,18(7):532-537

    • [4] YU M,GUAN Z,LI S,et al.Gene expression profiling analysis reveals that the long non⁃coding RNA uc.412 is involved in mesangial cell proliferation[J].Mol Med Rep,2019,20(6):5297-5303

    • [5] VANDER ARK A,CAO J,LI X.TGF⁃β receptors:in and beyond TGF⁃β signaling[J].Cell Signal,2018,52:112-120

    • [6] JIANG Y,CHENG D W,CROOK E D,et al.Transform⁃ ing growth factor ⁃β1 regulation of laminin gamma 1 and fibronectin expression and survival of mouse mesangial cells[J].Mol Cell Biochem,2005,278(1):165-175

    • [7] BOEHM E M,GILDENBERG M S,WASHINGTON M T.The many roles of PCNA in eukaryotic DNA replication [J].Enzymes,2016,39:231-254

    • [8] CHANG C J,MINEI R,SATO T,et al.The influence of a nanopatterned scaffold that mimics abnormal renal mesan⁃ gial matrix on mesangial cell behavior[J].Int J Mol Sci,2019,20(21):5349

    • [9] 施会敏,鱼敏逸,曲高婷,等.紫癜性肾炎患儿血清中多肽的差异表达研究[J].徐州医科大学学报,2019,39(4):239-244

    • [10] FRANKLIN R B,ZOU J,COSTELLO L C.The cytotoxic role of RREB1,ZIP3 zinc transporter,and zinc in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2014,15(10):1431-1437

    • [11] NITZ M D,HARDING M A,SMITH S C,et al.RREB1 transcription factor splice variants in urologic cancer[J].Am J Pathol,2011,179(1):477-486

    • [12] HUI B,JI H,XU Y,et al.RREB1⁃induced upregulation of the lncRNA AGAP2 ⁃ AS1 regulates the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer partly through sup⁃ pressing ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4[J].Cell Death Dis,2019,10(3):207

    • [13] 王庆源,彭稳,李杰,等.AGAP2⁃AS1 调控 Ras/MAPK信号通路促进结直肠癌细胞的增殖[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(1):16-20

    • [14] SU J,MORGANI S M,DAVID C J,et al.TGF⁃β orches⁃ trates fibrogenic and developmental EMTs via the RAS ef⁃ fector RREB1[J].Nature,2020,577(7791):566-571

    • [15] BONOMO J A,GUAN M,NG M C,et al.The ras respon⁃ sive transcription factor RREB1 is a novel candidate gene for type 2 diabetes associated end ⁃ stage kidney disease [J].Hum Mol Genet,2014,23(24):6441-6447

    • [16] LIU H,HEW H C,LU Z G,et al.DNA damage signalling recruits RREB ⁃1 to the p53 tumour suppressor promoter [J].Biochem J,2009,422(3):543-551

    • [17] ZHANG S,QIAN X,REDMAN C,et al.p16 INK4a gene promoter variation and differential binding of a repressor,the ras⁃responsive zinc⁃finger transcription factor,RREB [J].Oncogene,2003,22(15):2285-2295

    • [18] KENT O A,FOX⁃TALBOT K,HALUSHKA M K.RREB1 repressed miR ⁃ 143/145 modulates KRAS signaling through downregulation of multiple targets[J].Oncogene,2013,32(20):2576-2585

    • [19] 赵非,黄松明,丁桂霞,等.氧化应激介导的Ras⁃ERK 信号通路活化参与醛固酮诱导的肾小球系膜细胞增殖 [J].中华肾脏病杂志,2012,28(1):41-46

    • [20] CHEN D,LI Y,MEI Y,et al.miR ⁃34a regulates mesan⁃ gial cell proliferation via the PDGFR ⁃β/Ras ⁃MAPK sig⁃ naling pathway[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2014,71(20):4027-4042