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通讯作者:

王书奎,E⁃mail:sk_wang@njmu.edu.cn

中图分类号:R735.3

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2022)01-058-05

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20220110

参考文献 1
TORREL A,BRAY F,SIEGEL R L,et al.Global cancer sta⁃ tistics,2012[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):87-108
参考文献 2
JEONG S Y,Chessin D B,Schrag D,et al.Re:Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Can⁃ cer sixth edition staging[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2005,97(22):1705⁃1706,1706-1707
参考文献 3
LAUNOY G,SMITH T C,DUFFY S W,et al.Colorectal can⁃ cer mass⁃screening:estimation of faecal occult blood test sen⁃ sitivity,taking into account cancer mean sojourn time[J].Int J Cancer,1997,73(2):220-224
参考文献 4
HASSAN C,PICKHARDT P J,AGHI A,et al.Computed to⁃ mographic colonography to screen for colorectal cancer,extra⁃ colonic cancer,and aortic aneurysm:model simulation with cost ⁃effectiveness analysis[J].Arch Intern Med,2008,168(7):696-705
参考文献 5
CARPELAN⁃HOLMSTROM M,LOUHIMO J,STENMAN U H,et al.CEA,CA 19⁃9 and CA 72⁃4 improve the diagnostic accuracy in gastrointestinal cancers[J].Anticancer Res,2002,22(4):2311-2316
参考文献 6
FABIAN M R,SONENBERG N,FILIPOWICZ W.Regula⁃ tion of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs[J].An⁃ nu Rev Biochem,2010,79:351-379
参考文献 7
MITCHELL P S,PARKIN R K,KROH E M,et al.Circulat⁃ ing microRNAs as stable blood⁃based markers for cancer de⁃ tection[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2008,105(30):10513-10518
参考文献 8
KOSAKA N,IGUCHI H,OCHIYA T.Circulating microRNA in body fluid:a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis[J].Cancer Sci,2010,101(10):2087-2092
参考文献 9
ARROYO J D,CHEVILLET J R,KROH E M,et al.Argo⁃ naute 2 complexes carry a population of circulating microR⁃ NAs independent of vesicles in human plasma[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2011,108(12):5003-5008
参考文献 10
VYCHYTILOVA⁃FALTEJSKOVA P,RADOVA L,SACHLO⁃ VA M,et al.Serum⁃based microRNA signatures in early diag⁃ nosis and prognosis prediction of colon cancer[J].Carcino⁃ genesis,2016,37(10):941-950
参考文献 11
童厚超,斯岩,张浩,等.miR⁃590⁃3p对甲状腺乳头状癌的抑制作用研究[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(6):873-879
参考文献 12
卢旭,杨超,胡元昌,等.miR⁃1254靶向PAX5调控肝癌的迁移、侵袭与血管形成[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2020,40(5):652-657,668
参考文献 13
LIN Y,LIN Z,FANG Z,et al.Plasma microRNA⁃34a as a po⁃ tential biomarker for early diagnosis of esophageal cancer[J/OL].Clin Lab,2019,65(11)[2020⁃05⁃12].DOI:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2019.190340
参考文献 14
LI M,ZOU X,XIA T,et al.A five⁃miRNA panel in plasma was identified for breast cancer diagnosis[J].Cancer Med,2019,8(16):7006-7017
参考文献 15
DENG Y H,DENG Z H,HAO H,et al.MicroRNA⁃23a pro⁃ motes colorectal cancer cell survival by targeting PDK4[J].Exp Cell Res,2018,373(1⁃2):171-179
参考文献 16
BARISCIANO G,COLANGELO T,ROSATO V,et al.miR⁃ 27a is a master regulator of metabolic reprogramming and che⁃ moresistance in colorectal cancer[J].Br J Cancer,2020,122(9):1354-1366
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)患者血清miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a的表达水平联合癌胚抗原(carcinoembryo⁃ nic antigen,CEA)在CRC诊断中的临床价值。方法:通过GEO数据库分析GSE25609中miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a在CRC患者及健康体检者中的表达水平。收集2014年1月—2018年12月在南京医科大学附属南京医院进行治疗的100例CRC患者为CRC组,以及同期在南京市第一医院健康体检者100例为对照组。分析所有纳入研究者的临床资料,通过qRT⁃PCR检测CRC患者及健康体检者血清miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a等的相对表达水平,分析血清miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a与CRC患者各临床病理特征之间的关系,绘制 ROC曲线分析miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a联合CEA对结直肠癌的诊断价值。结果:GSE25609中miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a在CRC患者血清中显著升高(P < 0.01)。通过临床样本进一步证实 CRC 患者血清 miR⁃23a 和 miR⁃27a 的相对表达水平明显高于健康体检者(P < 0.001)。CRC患者血清miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a的相对表达水平均与CRC患者的T分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移密切相关。血清 miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a联合CEA诊断CRC的AUC为0.921(95% CI:0.879~0.962)(P < 0.001),灵敏度为86%,特异度为94%。结论:miR⁃ 23a与miR⁃27a在CRC患者血清中高表达,并且与CRC患者的T分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移密切相关,血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a联合 CEA检测可显著提高对CRC的诊断效率。

    Abstract

    Objective:This study aims to investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR ⁃ 23a and miR ⁃27a combined with carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in the diagnosis of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC). Methods:The expression of miR⁃23a and miR ⁃ 27a in GES25609 from GEO database was analyzed. From January 2014 to December 2018,100 CRC patients who were treated in the Affiliated Nanjin Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were collected as CRC group,and 100 healthy people who were examined in Nanjing First Hospital during the same period as control group. The clinical data of subjects were analyzed,and the relative expression levels of serum miR⁃23a and miR⁃27a were detected by qRT⁃PCR. The relationship between serum miR⁃23a and miR ⁃ 27a and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with CRC was analyzed,and ROC curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of miR⁃23a,miR⁃27a combined with CEA in CRC. Results:MiR⁃23a and miR⁃27a in GSE25609 were significantly increased in the serum of CRC patients. The clinical samples further confirmed that the expression level of miR⁃ 23a and miR⁃27a in serum of CRC patients was significantly higher than that of healthy people(P < 0.05). The expression of miR⁃23a and miR⁃27a in CRC patients was closely associated with T stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The AUC was 0.921(95% CI:0.879⁃0.962) (P < 0.001),the sensitivity was 86%,and the specificity was 94%. Conclusion:The high expression of miR⁃23a and miR⁃27a in the serum of CRC patients is closely related to the T stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of CRC patients. The combination of miR⁃23a,miR⁃27a and CEA could significantly improve the diagnosis efficiency of CRC.

    关键词

    结直肠癌miR⁃23amiR⁃27aCEA诊断价值

  • 结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球最常见的癌症之一,每年约有120万CRC新病例及60.87万例CRC患者死亡[1]。在美国,Ⅰ期CRC患者的5年生存率约为93.2%,而Ⅳ期患者仅为8.1%[2]。因此, CRC的早期诊断对于提高总体生存率非常必要。尽管X线钡灌肠以及肠镜检查对CRC的早期发现有一定临床价值,但由于其成本较高及有创性,无法广泛用于普查[3-4]。此外,目前使用的临床肿瘤标志物,例如癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA) 对于CRC的早期诊断缺乏灵敏度和特异性[5]。因此寻求有效的高灵敏度及特异度的新型非侵入性生物标志物对于CRC的早期筛查具有重要的临床意义。

  • 近年来,循环miRNA作为恶性肿瘤诊断的生物学标志物受到越来越多的关注。miRNA是短的单链非编码RNA(约22个核苷酸),可以通过结合靶基因mRNA的3′UTR诱导mRNA降解或翻译抑制,从而发挥生物学功能[6]。肿瘤细胞来源的循环miRNA稳定存在于外周血中,它们不仅可以包装成一些颗粒,如凋亡小体、外泌体,还可以与蛋白质复合物结合,赋予它们抵抗内源性核糖核酸酶活性、极端pH值及高温的能力[7-9]

  • 本研究通过GEO数据库(GSE25609)分析CRC患者血清miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a的表达水平。通过回顾性分析100例CRC患者的临床及随访资料,检测CRC患者血清miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a的表达水平,旨在探讨其在CRC中的临床价值,以期为CRC临床诊断提供依据。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 收集2014年1月—2018年12月在南京医科大学附属南京医院进行治疗的100例CRC患者。同时收集100例健康体检者的血清作为对照组,血清立即保存至-80℃。结直肠癌的诊断以病理学诊断为金标准。所有接受过放化疗等系统治疗以及伴有其他部位肿瘤的患者均被排除。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,所有受试者知情同意。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 血清miRNA的检测

  • 所有血液样本获得后以1 500r/min的速度离心10min,移液器收集上清,-80℃保存备用。 TRIzol LS(Invitrogen公司,美国)试剂提取血清样本中的总RNA,通过上海吉玛制药技术有限公司提供的Hairpin ⁃itTM microRNA and U6snRNA normaliza⁃ tion RT⁃PCR quantitation kit检测血清中miRNA的表达水平,以U6为内参,以2-ΔΔCT计算血清中miRNA的相对表达量。

  • 1.2.2 血清CEA的检测

  • 通过化学发光法检测研究对象外周血标本分离后的血清CEA的水平。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料符合正态分布,以均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示。多组间比较采用方差分析。对照组和CRC组血清中miR ⁃23a及miR⁃27a的表达水平采用独立样本t检验。计数资料采用率表示,率的比较采用卡方检验;采用Logistic回归分析CRC发生的影响因素,血清miR⁃ 23a、miR⁃27a及CEA对CRC的诊断效能分析使用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve, ROC曲线)。P< 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a在CRC患者中高表达

  • Vychytilova⁃Faltejskova等[10] 通过二代测序发现miR⁃23a以及miR⁃27a可能作为CRC早期诊断的标志物。本研究通过GEO数据库(GSE25609)对20例健康体检者和30例CRC患者血清进行表达水平分析,发现miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a在CRC患者血清中的表达水平显著升高(P< 0.01,图1),进而收集100例CRC患者及100例健康体检者血清,发现CRC患者miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a的相对表达量明显高于健康体检者(P< 0.001,图2)。

  • 2.2 血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a与临床病理特征的关系

  • 为了进一步验证血清miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a与临床病理特征的关系,收集了上述CRC患者的临床病理特征,继而将100例CRC患者的血清miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a的相对表达值由低到高排列,根据其中位表达值分成两组(高表达组和低表达组),结果发现血清miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a均与CRC患者的T分期、有无淋巴结转移以及是否发生远处转移密切相关(表1、 2)。因此血清miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a的相对表达水平与CRC发生发展密切相关。

  • 图1 GEO数据库(GSE25609)中血清miR⁃23a(A)、miR⁃ 27a(B)在CRC患者及健康体检者中的表达水平

  • Fig.1 The expression levels of serum miR⁃23a(A)and miR⁃ 27a(B)in patients with CRC and healthy subjects in GEO database(GSE25609)

  • 图2 100例CRC患者和健康体检者中血清miR⁃23a(A)、 miR⁃27a(B)的表达水平

  • Fig.2 The expression levels of serum miR⁃23a(A)and miR⁃ 27a(B)in 100CRC patients and healthy subjects

  • 表1 血清miR⁃23a与CRC患者临床病理特征之间的关系

  • Table1 Correlation between serum miR ⁃ 23a expression and clinical characteristics in CRC patients

  • 表2 血清miR⁃27a与CRC患者临床病理特征之间的关系

  • Table2 Correlation between serum miR ⁃ 27a expression and clinical characteristics in CRC patients

  • 2.3 CRC发生影响因素的Logistic回归分析

  • Logistic回归分析的结果显示,年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒与CRC的发生无关(P> 0.05,表3)。血清CEA、miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a是影响CRC发生的危险因素(P均< 0.05,表3)。

  • 表3 CRC发生影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果

  • Table3 Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of CRC

  • 2.4 血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a联合CEA对CRC的诊断效率

  • CRC患者血清CEA的相对表达水平(24.56± 5.4)ng/mL显著高于健康体检者(4.22±0.32)ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.001)。血清CEA诊断CRC的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.655(95%CI:0.576~0.734)(P< 0.001),灵敏度为50%,特异度为91%。血清miR ⁃ 23a诊断CRC的AUC为0.784(95%CI: 0.721~0.847)(P< 0.001),灵敏度为62%,特异度为80%,miR⁃27a的AUC为0.802(95%CI:0.742~0.863) (P< 0.001),灵敏度为73%,特异度为82%。检测miR⁃23a+miR⁃27a时诊断CRC的AUC为0.890(95%CI:0.844~0.935)(P< 0.001),灵敏度为75%,特异度为91%。而血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a联合CEA诊断CRC的AUC为0.921(95%CI:0.879~0.962)(P< 0.001),灵敏度为86%,特异度为94%(图3)。因此,血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a联合CEA的检测对于CRC的早期诊断具有重要价值。

  • 3 讨论

  • CEA一直以来被认为是CRC辅助诊断的最常见生物学标志物,但CEA的升高经常受到其他疾病的影响,特异度不高,对CRC的诊断缺乏特异性,对CRC的早期诊断价值有限。

  • miRNA既可作为癌基因也可作为抑癌基因参与肿瘤的发生发展[11-12],研究报道,miRNA可以作为肿瘤诊断的生物标志物和预后因子,为肿瘤治疗提供新策略。众所周知,基于活检的方法对于肿瘤患者的筛查和监测具有侵袭性,且耗时较长。Mitchell等[7] 研究表明肿瘤源性的miRNA能够稳定存在于人血清,该研究为miRNA在临床上的应用开辟了一个非常广阔的领域。

  • 图3 血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a及CEA诊断CRC的ROC曲线

  • Fig.3 ROC curve of serum miR⁃23a,miR⁃27a and CEA in the diagnosis of CRC

  • Lin等[13] 研究发现血清miR⁃34c在食管癌患者中表达水平明显升高,且可作为食管癌患者早期诊断的潜在标志物。Li等[14]利用Exiqon miRNA qPCR panel芯片以及qRT⁃PCR的相对定量法发现乳腺癌患者血清let⁃7b⁃5p、miR⁃122⁃5p、miR⁃146b⁃ 5p、miR⁃210⁃3p及miR⁃215⁃5p的表达水平显著高于健康体检者,miRNA(let⁃7b⁃5p、miR⁃122⁃5p、miR⁃ 146b⁃5p、miR⁃210⁃3p及miR⁃215⁃5p)联合检测可用于乳腺癌的早期诊断。上述研究表明血清miRNA的检测有望成为肿瘤早期诊断的重要手段。

  • Deng等[15] 研究发现miR⁃23a在CRC组织及细胞中显著高表达,CRC细胞中过表达miR⁃23a可显著促进CRC细胞生长。 Barisciano等[16] 研究发现miR⁃27a在CRC组织及细胞中高表达,提示miR⁃23a与CRC的发生发展密切相关。本研究通过GEO数据库(GSE25609)对20例健康体检者和30例CRC患者血清中进行表达水平分析,发现miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a在CRC患者血清中表达水平显著升高。进而收集CRC患者及健康体检者的血清进一步验证miR⁃23a及miR⁃27a在CRC患者中的表达水平显著高于健康体检者。

  • 尽管血清miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a有望作为CRC早期诊断的生物标志物,但仍存在一些局限性。首先,本研究的样本量相对较小,因此需要加大样本量的前瞻性研究才能进一步阐明循环miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a作为CRC新型诊断生物标志物的临床价值。血清miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a在实验期和验证期的截断值不同,造成这一现象的原因包括CRC的异质性、样本量的差异以及血细胞溶血等。

  • 综上所述,本研究证实血清miR⁃23a和miR⁃27a在CRC患者中显著升高,且二者表达水平与CRC患者的T分期、有无淋巴结转移以及是否发生远处转移密切相关。血清miR⁃23a、miR⁃27a联合CEA检测可显著提高CRC诊断的AUC及灵敏度。本研究有望为CRC的早期诊断提供生物学标志物,同时也为进一步研究CRC的分子生物学机制奠定基础。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] TORREL A,BRAY F,SIEGEL R L,et al.Global cancer sta⁃ tistics,2012[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):87-108

    • [2] JEONG S Y,Chessin D B,Schrag D,et al.Re:Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Can⁃ cer sixth edition staging[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2005,97(22):1705⁃1706,1706-1707

    • [3] LAUNOY G,SMITH T C,DUFFY S W,et al.Colorectal can⁃ cer mass⁃screening:estimation of faecal occult blood test sen⁃ sitivity,taking into account cancer mean sojourn time[J].Int J Cancer,1997,73(2):220-224

    • [4] HASSAN C,PICKHARDT P J,AGHI A,et al.Computed to⁃ mographic colonography to screen for colorectal cancer,extra⁃ colonic cancer,and aortic aneurysm:model simulation with cost ⁃effectiveness analysis[J].Arch Intern Med,2008,168(7):696-705

    • [5] CARPELAN⁃HOLMSTROM M,LOUHIMO J,STENMAN U H,et al.CEA,CA 19⁃9 and CA 72⁃4 improve the diagnostic accuracy in gastrointestinal cancers[J].Anticancer Res,2002,22(4):2311-2316

    • [6] FABIAN M R,SONENBERG N,FILIPOWICZ W.Regula⁃ tion of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs[J].An⁃ nu Rev Biochem,2010,79:351-379

    • [7] MITCHELL P S,PARKIN R K,KROH E M,et al.Circulat⁃ ing microRNAs as stable blood⁃based markers for cancer de⁃ tection[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2008,105(30):10513-10518

    • [8] KOSAKA N,IGUCHI H,OCHIYA T.Circulating microRNA in body fluid:a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis[J].Cancer Sci,2010,101(10):2087-2092

    • [9] ARROYO J D,CHEVILLET J R,KROH E M,et al.Argo⁃ naute 2 complexes carry a population of circulating microR⁃ NAs independent of vesicles in human plasma[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2011,108(12):5003-5008

    • [10] VYCHYTILOVA⁃FALTEJSKOVA P,RADOVA L,SACHLO⁃ VA M,et al.Serum⁃based microRNA signatures in early diag⁃ nosis and prognosis prediction of colon cancer[J].Carcino⁃ genesis,2016,37(10):941-950

    • [11] 童厚超,斯岩,张浩,等.miR⁃590⁃3p对甲状腺乳头状癌的抑制作用研究[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(6):873-879

    • [12] 卢旭,杨超,胡元昌,等.miR⁃1254靶向PAX5调控肝癌的迁移、侵袭与血管形成[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2020,40(5):652-657,668

    • [13] LIN Y,LIN Z,FANG Z,et al.Plasma microRNA⁃34a as a po⁃ tential biomarker for early diagnosis of esophageal cancer[J/OL].Clin Lab,2019,65(11)[2020⁃05⁃12].DOI:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2019.190340

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