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通讯作者:

宋为娟,E-mail:352699486@qq.com

中图分类号:R589

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2022)04-542-07

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20220413

参考文献 1
WHO EXPERT CONSULTATION.Appropriate body ⁃ mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies[J].Lancet,2004,363(9403):157-163
参考文献 2
PICKETT⁃BLAKELY O,UWAKWE L,RASHID F.Obe⁃ sity in women:the clinical impact on gastrointestinal and reproductive health and disease management[J].Gastro⁃ enterol Clin N Am,2016,45(2):317-331
参考文献 3
PLOURDE B,SARRAZIN J F,NAULT I,et al.Sudden cardiac death and obesity[J].Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther,2014,12(9):1099-110
参考文献 4
CHEN Y J,CORSINO L,SHANTAVASINKUL P C,et al.Gastric bypass surgery leads to long⁃term remission or im⁃ provement of type 2 diabetes and significant decrease of microvascular and macrovascular complications[J].Ann Surg,2016,263(6):1138-1142
参考文献 5
O′ BRIEN P E,HINDLE A,BRENNAN L,et al.Long ⁃ term outcomes after bariatric surgery:a systematic review and meta ⁃analysis of weight loss at 10 or more years for all bariatric procedures and a single⁃centre review of 20⁃ year outcomes after adjustable gastric banding[J].Obes Surg,2019,29(1):3-14
参考文献 6
WOLFE B M,KVACH E,ECKEL R H.Treatment of obe⁃ sity:weight loss and bariatric surgery[J].Circ Res,2016,118(11):1844-1855
参考文献 7
BARQUISSAU V,LÉGER B,BEUZELIN D,et al.Caloric restriction and diet ⁃ induced weight loss do not induce browning of human subcutaneous white adipose tissue in women and men with obesity[J].Cell Rep,2018,22(4):1079-1089
参考文献 8
SCHAUER P R,BHATT D L,KIRWAN J P,et al.Bariat⁃ ric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes⁃3 ⁃year outcomes[J].N Engl J Med,2014,370(21):2002-2013
参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 12
HUNG K C,WU S C,CHANG Y J,et al.Impact of preop⁃ erative anemia on postoperative kidney function following laparoscopic bariatric surgery[J].Obes Surg,2019,29(8):2527-2534
参考文献 13
MOTAMEDI M A K,KHALAJ A,MAHDAVI M,et al.Longitudinal comparison of the effect of gastric bypass to sleeve gastrectomy on liver function in a bariatric cohort:Tehran obesity treatment study(TOTS)[J].Obes Surg,2019,29(2):511-518
参考文献 14
CHEN H M,LI S J,CHEN H P,et al.Obesity⁃related glo⁃ merulopathy in China:a case series of 90 patients[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2008,52(1):58-65
参考文献 15
LU C,LI Y,LI L,et al.Alterations of serum uric acid lev⁃ el and gut microbiota after roux ⁃en ⁃Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in a hyperuricemic rat model[J].Obes Surg,2020,30(5):1799-1807
参考文献 16
JAHANSOUZ C,XU H,HERTZEL A V,et al.Partition⁃ ing of adipose lipid metabolism by altered expression and function of PPAR isoforms after bariatric surgery[J].Int J Obes(Lond),2018,42(2):139-146
参考文献 17
BUCHWALD H,AVIDOR Y,BRAUNWALD E,et al.Bariatric surgery:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis [J].JAMA,2004,292(14):1724-1737
参考文献 18
JI G,LI P,LI W,et al.The effect of bariatric surgery on Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index 30 kg/m2:a systematic review and meta-anal⁃ ysis[J].Obes Surg,2019,29(8):2492-2502
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨肥胖患者代谢手术(metabolic surgery,MS)后1年内血清肝肾功能指标和血脂水平的变化。方法:对南京医科大学第一附属医院119例实行MS的患者进行回顾性分析。采集患者术前、术后即刻及1、3、6、12个月静脉血,分别进行血清肝肾功能指标和血脂水平检测。结果:术前血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、L ⁃γ⁃谷氨酰转肽酶(L ⁃γ⁃glutamyl transpeptidase, GGT)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)和尿酸(uric acid,UA)水平与体重指数(body mass index,BMI)呈正相关(r值分别为0.289、0.309、0.285、0.245、0.125、0.203和0.360,P < 0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high⁃density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL⁃C)水平与 BMI 呈负相关(r = -0.284,P < 0.05)。血清 ALT 于术后 3 个月显著下降,GGT、TG、GLU 水平于术后 1 个月显著下降,至术后 1 年,各指标水平均明显低于术前(P < 0.05)。HDL⁃C 水平于术后逐渐升高,6 个月时显著升高(P < 0.05)。 结论:MS可在短期内改变多数生化指标,有效改善肥胖患者肝功能和降低血脂。

    Abstract

    Objective:To investigate the changes of serum liver and kidney function and blood lipid indexes in obese patients within one year after metabolic surgery(MS). Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 119 patients who received metabolic surgery(MS) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Venous blood samples were collected for serum biochemical tests before and immediately,1,3,6 and 12 months after the surgery,respectively. Results:The preoperative levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),L ⁃γ⁃ glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT), triglyceride(TG),glucose(GLU)and uric acid(UA)were positively correlated with body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.289,0.309,0.285, 0.245,0.125,0.203 and 0.360,P < 0.05),while high⁃density⁃lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL⁃C)level was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.284,P < 0.05). ALT,GLU,GGT and TG levels decreased significantly after surgery at different time(ALT:3 months; GGT, TG,GLU:1 month). One year after operation,each index was significantly lower than that before operation(P < 0.05). The postoperative level of HDL ⁃ C gradually increased with time,and significantly increased 6 months after operation(P < 0.05). Conclusion:MS can change most biochemical indicators in a short term and effectively improve liver function and reduce blood lipid levels of obese patients.

    关键词

    代谢手术肥胖肝功能肾功能血脂

  • 肥胖严重威胁着人类的生活质量和健康,亚洲人群以体重指数(body mass index,BMI)23.5~28.0kg/m2 作为超重标准,BMI≥28.0kg/m2 作为肥胖的衡量标准[1]。对病理性肥胖的研究发现,肥胖引起的代谢紊乱会给人体带来极大的危害[2],不仅给患者的生活带来极大不便,同时也增加死亡的风险[3]。对于病态肥胖的治疗,运动、饮食控制、药物治疗等物理疗法效率低下,容易反弹,而手术则能实现持续有效的减肥。

  • 代谢手术(metabolic surgery,MS)被认为是治疗肥胖最有效的方法[4-5],具有减肥、改善代谢紊乱等长期有益作用。对于那些不能通过非手术手段保持体重减轻的患者来说,成功的MS可以逆转或改善严重肥胖的多种不良影响[6]。目前,缺乏对MS患者肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等血清学结果的长期监测和调查。在本项研究中,我们观察了MS后患者各项代谢参数的变化,以评估MS对中国肥胖个体的影响。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 对南京医科大学第一附属医院2016年1月— 2018年12月收治的119例减重患者进行回顾性分析。术后随访至少1年,分析术前、术后(即刻、术后1、3、6、12个月)临床指标。排除标准:二次MS手术史;既往接受过胃或十二指肠溃疡手术;过去6个月内胃溃疡;进行中的恶性肿瘤;过去5年有活跃恶性肿瘤;过去6个月有心肌梗死;贪食症饮食习惯;禁忌MS的精神或合作问题;经常使用可的松或非甾体抗炎药物治疗;过量饮酒和酗酒或吸毒,以及其他严重疾病。患者体重、年龄、BMI水平、饮酒量、遗传病等信息由医院病例系统进行评估,由患者提供,医生记录。本研究是病历资料回顾性研究,已通过伦理委员会免知情同意申请。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 代谢手术方式根据患者实际情况选择,主要包括:①将胃大弯侧切掉,留下60~80mL的胃,减少饮食同时调节胃肠激素分泌的袖状胃切除术;②将胃进行转流,使胃形成30mL左右的小胃囊,小胃和空肠做吻合,减少饮食吸收的胃旁路术。

  • 取术前、术后即刻及术后1、3、6、12个月静脉血,经真空管分离胶凝固后进行生化检查。所有样本均在禁食一整晚后于早晨采集,并在本院检验科进行分析。在室温下3 000r/min离心10min,所有血样在采集后2h内进行处理。生化检测项目包括:丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、L⁃γ⁃ 谷氨酰转肽酶(L⁃γ⁃glutamyl transpeptidase,GGT)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycer⁃ ide,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high⁃density lipopro⁃ tein cholesterol,HDL ⁃C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (low⁃density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL⁃C)、脂蛋白 (a)[lipoprotein a,Lp(a)]、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、尿素(UREA)、肌酐(creatinine,CR)、尿酸(uric acid, UA)。其中ALP、ALT、AST、GGT、GLU、HDL ⁃ C、 LDL⁃C、TC、TG、UA、UREA检测试剂盒厂家为美国BECKMAN COULTER公司;CR检测试剂盒厂家为上海科华公司;Lp(a)检测试剂盒厂家为日本SIMA公司。所有项目均在美国BECKMAN COULTER AU5800流水线检测。所有试验均严格按照仪器和试剂说明书进行操作,每批均进行低值和高值质量控制。实验室检测系统稳定,所有定量项目室内CV≤1/4总允许误差,批间CV≤1/3总允许误差。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 所有资料使用GraphPad Prism 6.0和Stata16.0统计学软件处理。满足正态分布的连续变量用均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示,非正态分布的连续变量以中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示;研究人群的基本临床特征和术前各项指标的异常率以分类变量的例数和百分比表示;采用Spearman相关分析判断血清各项指标与年龄、BMI的相关性;配对设计的术前与术后1年两组间差异采用Wilcoxon配对符号秩检验;重复测量非正态分布的计量资料采用Firedman检验。P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 临床特征

  • 2016年1月—2018年12月共招募了119例肥胖患者。所有患者均在南京医科大学第一附属医院进行术前检查和术后随访,术后定期抽血检查。参与者的基本临床特征见表1。接受手术者中女性所占比例明显高于男性(女85例,男34例)。与此同时,选择手术的女性增重年限也明显短于男性。男性和女性都有较高的肝病发生率(女90.59%,男88.24%)。大部分患者(女84.71%,男79.41%)接受腹腔镜袖状胃切除术。

  • 表1 患者基本临床特征

  • Table1 Clinical characteristics of patients

  • 术前各项指标的异常率,以及血清各项指标与年龄、BMI的相关性见表2。Spearman相关性分析发现,GLU水平与年龄呈中度正相关(r=0.304,P< 0.05)。BMI与ALT、AST、ALP、GGT、HDL⁃C、GLU、 UA水平有相关性(r 分别为0.289、0.309、0.285、 0.245、-0.284、0.203、0.360,P< 0.05)。

  • 2.2 血清学指标的变化

  • 术前及术后1年13项血清学指标结果见表3。术后1年,血清ALT、GGT、TG、LDL⁃C、GLU、UA水平显著降低(P< 0.05),HDL ⁃C水平显著升高(P< 0.05),AST、TC、CR水平呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义。

  • 2.3 MS后血清肝功能指标的动态变化

  • 术后1年血清ALT、AST和GGT水平显著降低 (P< 0.001)。ALT水平在术后开始下降,术后3个月明显低于术前水平(34.0U/L vs.18.6U/L,P< 0.01),之后继续下降,术后6个月降至最低水平 (34.0U/L vs.12.3U/L,P< 0.01),术后1年与6个月水平无显著性差异(12.3U/L vs.12.7U/L,P> 0.05,图1A)。AST水平在术后1个月出现短期升高,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(24.0U/L vs.33.9U/L, P=0.030),术后6个月下降明显,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(24.0U/L vs.17.5U/L,P< 0.01),术后1年与6个月比较,差异无统计学意义(17.1U/L vs.17.5U/L,P> 0.05,图1B)。术后GGT水平持续下降,与术前比较,术后1个月血清GGT水平明显下降(29.8U/L vs.18.9U/L,P< 0.01),且随着时间的推移逐渐下降(图1C)。术后ALP水平略有下降,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(67.0U/L vs.60.0U/L, P=0.017),之后上升到术前水平,随时间推移无明显变化(图1D)。

  • 表2 代谢手术前血清学指标异常率及其与年龄和BMI的相关性

  • Table2 Abnormal rate of serum indicators before MS and its correlation with age and BMI

  • 表3 术前与术后1年血清学指标的变化

  • Table3 The changes of serum indexes from pre⁃operation to one year after operation

  • 图1 MS后血清肝功能指标的变化

  • Fig.1 Changes of serum liver function indexes after MS

  • 2.4 MS后血清肾功能指标的动态变化

  • 术后血清UREA水平开始下降,与术前相比有明显差异(4.5mmol/L vs.4.2mmol/L,P=0.042),后继续下降,术后1个月达到最低水平(4.5mmol/L vs.2.9mmol/L,P< 0.001),此后,UREA水平逐渐升高到术前水平(图2A)。术后血清UA水平明显下降, 1个月后恢复至术前水平,然后继续缓慢下降,术后6个月,UA水平明显低于术前,差异有统计学意义 (388.0 μmol/L vs.328.0 μmol/L,P=0.032),术后1年持续下降,但与术后6个月相比无明显差异(图2B)。术后血清CR水平随时间无明显差异(图2C)。

  • 图2 MS后血清肾功能指标的变化

  • Fig.2 Changes of serum renal function indexes after MS

  • 2.5 MS后血糖血脂水平的动态变化

  • 术后血清TG水平随时间呈下降趋势,与术前比较,术后1个月TG水平明显降低(1.53mmol/L vs.1.21mmol/L,P=0.023,图3A)。术后血清TC和LDL⁃C水平随着时间的推移,波动并不明显(图3B、C)。术后血清HDL⁃C水平随时间逐渐升高,术后6个月HDL ⁃ C水平显著升高(1.04mmol/L vs.1.19mmol/L,P=0.002,图3D)。术后1个月GLU水平较术前显著降低(5.40mmol/L vs.4.94mmol/L, P=0.001,图3E)。术后血清Lp(a)水平出现一过性升高,之后各时间点与术前比较均无明显降低趋势 (图3F)。

  • 3 讨论

  • 肥胖是继心血管疾病和肿瘤之后人类健康的第三大威胁,给家庭和社会造成沉重的经济负担[7]。当不能通过控制饮食和增加体力活动来有效改善肥胖时,MS是有效的治疗方法[8]

  • 多项研究证实病态肥胖患者存在脂肪肝和血清转氨酶水平升高的情况[9]。有研究报道肥胖患者MS术后10年肝酶仍然可以控制在较低水平[10-11],Hung等[12] 报道肥胖患者MS手术10年后的影响小于2年后,同时在部分患者中观察到体重恢复的现象。本研究结果显示,MS术后3个月开始,患者血清ALT、AST、GGT水平显著降低,ALP水平无下降趋势,术后1个月内肝功能指标水平短暂波动,Motamedi等[13] 也报道术后ALT和AST水平短暂升高。对术前各项指标的异常率进行统计,发现ALP异常率仅为1.68%,远远低于其他3项指标,故其手术前后水平差异不显著。

  • 随着肥胖人群的迅速扩大,肥胖相关肾小球疾病的发病率显著增加,高尿酸血症也增加了慢性肾病患者的病死率[14]。本研究发现,MS术后1年UA水平明显下降,与Lu等[15] 的研究结果相符。肥胖对肾脏的损害是一个慢性过程,本研究群体的平均年龄较低,99%患者术前UR和CR水平均末见异常升高,故其手术前后差异不显著。

  • MS对于减肥有明显优势,尤其在减脂方面, Jahansouz等[16] 研究结果提示,MS后一些分子调节剂表达的改变导致脂肪组织的代谢变化,有助于提高MS的益处。本研究发现术后各时间点,TG水平降低,LDL⁃C水平于1年后显著下降,而作为冠心病保护因子的HDL⁃C水平随时间延长明显升高。多项研究表明,MS不仅可以治疗病态肥胖,而且可以改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖[17-18]。本研究发现,术后GLU水平下降,并在至少1年的时间内保持稳定的低水平。

  • 图3 MS后血糖血脂水平的变化

  • Fig.3 Changes of blood glucose and lipid levels after MS

  • 综上所述,MS可在短时间内显著改善肝肾功能,有效降低血脂水平。今后需更加敏感、具体、稳定的指标来评价减肥手术的效果和患者的预后,进一步完善更符合中国人生理特点的减肥手术,共同促进该学科健康快速发展。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] WHO EXPERT CONSULTATION.Appropriate body ⁃ mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies[J].Lancet,2004,363(9403):157-163

    • [2] PICKETT⁃BLAKELY O,UWAKWE L,RASHID F.Obe⁃ sity in women:the clinical impact on gastrointestinal and reproductive health and disease management[J].Gastro⁃ enterol Clin N Am,2016,45(2):317-331

    • [3] PLOURDE B,SARRAZIN J F,NAULT I,et al.Sudden cardiac death and obesity[J].Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther,2014,12(9):1099-110

    • [4] CHEN Y J,CORSINO L,SHANTAVASINKUL P C,et al.Gastric bypass surgery leads to long⁃term remission or im⁃ provement of type 2 diabetes and significant decrease of microvascular and macrovascular complications[J].Ann Surg,2016,263(6):1138-1142

    • [5] O′ BRIEN P E,HINDLE A,BRENNAN L,et al.Long ⁃ term outcomes after bariatric surgery:a systematic review and meta ⁃analysis of weight loss at 10 or more years for all bariatric procedures and a single⁃centre review of 20⁃ year outcomes after adjustable gastric banding[J].Obes Surg,2019,29(1):3-14

    • [6] WOLFE B M,KVACH E,ECKEL R H.Treatment of obe⁃ sity:weight loss and bariatric surgery[J].Circ Res,2016,118(11):1844-1855

    • [7] BARQUISSAU V,LÉGER B,BEUZELIN D,et al.Caloric restriction and diet ⁃ induced weight loss do not induce browning of human subcutaneous white adipose tissue in women and men with obesity[J].Cell Rep,2018,22(4):1079-1089

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