Abstract:Objective　To have a good understanding of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Methods　 Four families with type 2 diabetes and fifty-two type 2 diabetic patients, fifty-four non-diabetic healthy subjects were examined with the technique of PCR-SSCP and DNA direct sequencing in exon 17 and 20 of insulin receptor gene. Results　In exon 17, the frequency of the variation in codon 1008 (Gly GGC→GGT) was 18.0%, 29.4%and 9.3%(χ2=12.713 3, P<,0.000 5) in pedigrees, patients and controls respectively. The relative risk (RR) in pedigrees and diabetic patients was 1.944 and 3.738 in comparison with controls group. Linkage analysis in the pedigrees show the maximal LOD score was 0.465 736 (θ=0.000 0). In exon 20, the frequency of the variation in codon 1169 (Gly GGT→GGC) was 10.0%, 15.4%and 3.7%(χ2=3.236, P>,0.05). The RR was 2.700 and 3.927 in pedigrees and diabetic patients in comparison with controls group. Linkage analysis in the pedigrees show the maximal LOD score was 1.803 34 (θ=0.000 0). Conclusion　The results suggest the two detected variations in GLY1008and GLY1169might be genetic markers for susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.

Abstract:Objective　To establish a VSMC cultivating system which is similar close to in vivo condition. Methods　Cells derived from rabbit hyperplastic intima after arterial intima injury were cultured. Results　These cells, identified by transmission electron microscope displayed both ultrastructural features of synthetic SMC and characteristic immunocytochemical staining for smooth muscle myosin. They were arranged in the form of “peak” and “valley”. Conclusion　Cultured synthetic SMC is better than SMC cultured from the medium.

Abstract:Objective　To investigate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and C-erbB-2 proteins in breast cancer, and to search the relation between micrometastasis in bone marrow and the above facts. Methods　 SABC immunocytochemical assay for EGFR and C-erbB-2 proteins were made on paraffin embedded section. The statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test. Results　Overall, 42.9%of the tumors were EGFR proteins positive.C-erbB-2 proteins were positive in 31%of the tumors. The positivity of both EGFR and C-erbB-2 proteins was significantly connected to that of micrometastasis in bone marrow. The positivity of EGFR proteins was not related to that of C-erbB-2 proteins. The follow-up period of 26 patients was 60 months. The overall survival was worse in patients with EGFR, C-erbB-2 proteins positive tumors compared with EGFR, C-erbB-2 proteins negative tumors. Conclusion　EGFR, C-erbB-2 proteins are significantly related to micrometastasies in bone marrow. Multivariate analyses show that both EGFR and C-erbB-2 proteins positive are two key prognostic factors in breast cancer patients.

Abstract:Objective　The effects of ethanol (0.2 μmol/L) on the spontaneous electrical activity in the neurons of slice preparation of the nucleus accumbens septi (NAcc) was investigated. Methods　Use extracellular recording.Results (1) In response to the application of ethanol into the superfusate for 10～15 min, spontaneous discharge rate (SDR) of 25 neurons was increased significantly, then, it was decreased (P<,0.01). This decreasing responses could be reversed by 0.2 μmol/L opiate antagonist naloxone (Nal), which suggests ethanol may exert some effects through interactions with endogenous opiate peptide systems of their receptors. (2) Following the application of DAGO, U-50 and D-PEN for 5～10 min respectively, the effect of ethanol might be reinforced. By statistical analysis of ANOVA, we conclude that the effect of DAGO, the selective μ opiate receptor agonist, is stronger than other two opiate receptor agonists. Conclusion　(1) The spontaneous electrical activity of the NAcc neurons can be inhibited by ethanol. The effect of ethanol will be involved in endogenous opiate system. (2) It is possible that μ opiate receptor has the strongest effect on the ethanol inhibitory action.

Abstract:Objective　To evaluate the interventional therapeutic effect of carotid cavernous fistula (CCF).Methods　6 patients with CCF were embolized with detachable balloons via percutaneous transfemoral route, in one of them the affected external carotid artery was simultaneously blockaded with particles. Results　Interventional embolizations were successfully performed in all 6 patients with CCF, of which the internal carotid artery was kept patent in 2 cases, whereas the ipsilateral carotid artery was sacrificed in other 4 patients. Conclusion　Interventional therapy of CCF is micro-invasive and very effective method, and the first choice CCF treatment.

Abstract:Objective　To evaluate the relationship between WT1 gene expression and leukemia, as well as its significance. Methods　Expression of WT1 gene was measured with RT-PCR in 68 cases of leukemia at different disease-developing stage. Results　Expression of WT1 gene was revealed in 65%newly diagnosed and relapsed acute leukemia and 44%chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). All of 4 patients with CML at blast crisis stage had positive expresion of WT1. As contrast, neither 10 volunteers, nor 10 patients with no-hematological disease were WT1 positive. Conclusion　Expression of WT1 gene was revealed in all kinds of leukemia patients and associated with quantity of leukemic cells. RT-PCR was so far the most sensitive method for minimum residual disease (MRD) detection after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. And it was also useful in pathogenesis study and prognotic evaluation in leukemia.

Abstract:Objective　To investigate the mechanisms of TSH-suppressing therapy using T4 on differentiated thyroid cancer. We evaluated the effection of the cells of pappillary carcinoma to bovine TSH and norepinephrine in vitrol. Methods　The five samples of thyroid papillary carcinomas verified by frozen sections were cut off from the patients with thyroid cancer. They were dispersed by collagenase Ⅰ and trypsin and cultured in bottles, then the carcinoma cells were seeded in 96-well cell culture plates at 37℃ in 5%CO\-2 and 95%humidity for 72 h. The cells in the wells were separately stimulated with different doses of bovine TSH and norepinephrine. Results　The thyroid cancer cells did not respond to bovine TSH, but were in response to norepinephrine which enhanced the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells. Conclusion　The mechanisms of suppression therapy on differentiated thyroid cancer by T4 must be further investigated. Additionally, our results suggest that thyroid cancer is also under the regulation of adrenergic neurotransmitters.

Abstract:Objective　To evaluate the efficiency of video laparoscopic surgery in endometriosis and infertility. Methods　Fifty-nine women with endometriosis or infertility from our department were treated. Intervention(s): The video laparoscopic operations included adhesiolysis, coagulating small endometriosis implants, removal or partial removal endometriosis cyst or opening endometriosis cyst and coagulating cystic liner, oophorectomy. For infertility, adhesiolysis of distal fallopian tube, expending of fimbria or salpingostomy or fimbrioplasty were performed. Tubal patency was confirmed at laparoscopy by observation of the passage of methylene blue from vagiua through the fimbrial openings of the tubes. Results　20 patients with endometriosis after operations were follow up (2 to 27 months), symptoms disappeared or significant improved in 12 of 15 patients who had dysmenorrhea previously and 3 patients no any change. There were no recurrences after operations in 7 patients with removed endometrial cysts. The seven of 17 patients in endometriosis and infertility had pregnancies after operations between the period from 1 to 7 month. Ten patients of 20 patients with infertility have pregnancies after operations. There was no severe complications. Only 2 patients had omalgia and one had acute pelvic infection one week after operation through coitus. Two patients received laparotomy. Conclusion　Video laparoscopic surgeries are suitable for treatment of endometriosis and infertility.

Abstract:Objective　To evaluate the effect of trans-corneal inferior trabeculectomy treating complicated high intraocular pressure (IOP) after silicone oil injection. Methods　This operation was performed in 18 persons (18 eyes) who were complicated high IOP after silicone oil injection. Results　After operation all patients were treated for three months. The filtering blebs were diffuse, intraocular pressure was under 2.40 kPa, none of patients take any drugs to control IOP and there was no silicone oil got into the anterior chamber after operation. Conclusion　This technique may decrease IOP and silicone oil does not go into the anterior chamber. The high IOP after silicone oil injection is treated effectively by trans-corneal inferior trabeculectomy.

Abstract:Objective　To raise the early diagnostic accuracy rate for prostatic adenocacinoma (PA). Methods　Twenty-one cases of PA were examined by transrectal ultrasonography. The echo reflection of outer and inner gland were observed to distinct the relationship between abnormal sharp hypoecoic and around tissure, especially seminal vesicles. Results　19 cases of PA were confirmed by pathology, the other 2 was hyperplasia of prostate. Conclusion　The transrectal ultrasonography has more high specifity and sensitivity than ventri-ultasonography, especially in the cases with small focus PA.

Abstract:Objective　To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic and imported fluconazole injections in treating patients with deep fungal infections. Methods　A prospective multicentre study in 170 cases of deep fungal infections was performed. Results　There were no statistically significant differences in recovery rates (50.9%v 50.9%), effective rates (83.6%v 89.1%), clearance rates of fungals (83.9%v 89.1%), and side-effect rates (8.9%v 9.1%) between test group and control group. Conclusion　Both domestic and imported fluconazole injections are safe and effective drugs for treating deep fungal infections.

Abstract:Objective　To study and evaluate the probability of bBMP-albumin-bFGF composite materials in repairing bone defect of cleft palate. Methods　On the basis of animal model of cleft palate bone defects in rabbits, composite materials (bBMP-albumin-bFGF) and single albumin were first used to repair the cleft palate bone defect respectively in rabbits, involving new bone formation and repairing bone defect by their induction effects. Results　The results of X-ray, histological examination and calcium content check proved that bBMP-albumin-bFGF has strong effects of bone induction. It was able to involve induction of new bone formation in quality and quantity and repair palate bone defect in rabbits. Conclusion　There is a promising prospect in use of bBMP-albumin-bFGF as a bone defect repairing meterial of cleft palate.

Abstract:Objective　To confirm the existence of allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation and investigate its mechanisms. Methods　The hepatic failure rats induced by D-galatosamine were transplanted with allogeneic hepatocytes into their spleens. The spleen specimens obtained at different time after transplantation were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results　CD+4, CD+\-8a lymphocytes and IgM antibodies were found in the rat spleen at 12 h post-graft and IgG antibodies at 24 h post-graft. They existed for one week after transplantation. Conclusion　Both humoral and cellular immune respone participate in the rejection of allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation.

Abstract:Objective　To evaluate the relationship between cytokines and the active systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Methods　46 cases with active SLE were graded in three levels (minor, medium ,serious) and grouped into two (LN, non-LN). Serum levels of IL-1，SIL-2R，IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by using ELISA method. Results　The serum levels of IL-1，SIL-2R，IL-6 and IL-8 in SLE patients were enhanced significantly as compared to the normal control, and the serum levels of cytokines had a positive correlation with the active SLE. Furthermore, the serum levels of SIL-2R, IL-6，IL-8 from LN patients were higher than that from non-LN patients. Conclusion　These results suggest that the abnormally enhanced cytokines disturb the immunity network and cause immunity damage. Thus, Measuring serum cytokines is important in clinic therapy in recognizing the degrees of SLE activity.

Abstract:Objective　To observe the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on prevention of acute renal transplantation rejection in the three months of post-operation. Methods　112 cases of renal transplant recipients were random divided into two groups: group MMF (2.0 g/d) and group azathioprine A (AZA). Recipients of the two groups simultaneously received similar doses of cyclosporin A(CsA) and steroids. Results　Within three months, the incidences of acute rejection were 16.6%(10/60) in group MMF and 41.5%(22/52) in groups AZA respectively (P<,0.01). Of the 60 recipients in groups MMF, 5 cases emerged reduction of WBC and platelet and 3 cases of diarrhea, which all recovered after taper or cessation of the usage of MMF. No cases of liver or renal dysfunction were found in group MMF while 9 cases of liver dysfunction occurred in group AZA. Conclusion　MMF can prevent and decrease acute renal transplantation rejection and side effects of MMF are slight and reversible.